Oracle12 for Developers - Oracle OpenWorld Preview AMIS

Oracle 12c for
Developers
UGF3100
Alex Nuijten

⚠️ WARNING ⚠️
l o t s a n d l o t s
There will be code in this
presentation
select 'can you read this?'
from dual;

Multitenant
Architecture
2013
R1
2009

2013
R1
In Memory Option
2014
12.1.0.2

… but what’s in it for the Database Developer?

Oracle12 for Developers - Oracle OpenWorld Preview AMIS

SQL> create table t
2 (str varchar2(4000));
!
Table created.

SQL> create table t
(str varchar2(4001))
*
ERROR at line 2:
ORA-00910: specified length too long for its datatype

!
SQL> create table t
2 (str varchar2(32767))
3 /
(str varchar2(32767))
*
ERROR at line 2:
ORA-00910: specified length too long for its datatype

SQL> create table t
!
Table created.

SQL> select ename
2 ,sal
3 from emp
4 where rownum < 4
5 order by sal desc
6 /
!
ENAME SAL
------- -------
ALLEN 1200
WARD 1250
SMITH 800

SQL> select *
2 from (select ename
3 ,sal
4 from emp
5 order by sal desc
6 )
7 where rownum < 4
8 /
!
ENAME SAL
-------- -------
KING 5000
SCOTT 3000
FORD 3000

SQL> select ename
2 ,sal
3 from emp
4 order by sal desc
5 fetch first 3 rows only
6 /
!
ENAME SAL
-------- -------
KING 5000
SCOTT 3000
FORD 3000

SQL> select ename
2 ,sal
3 from emp
4 order by sal desc
5 offset 3 rows
6 fetch next 3 rows only
7 /
!
ENAME SAL
-------- -------
JONES 2975
BLAKE 2850
CLARK 2450

Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 3291446077
!
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 14 | 644 | 4 (25)| 00:00:01 |
|* 1 | VIEW | | 14 | 644 | 4 (25)| 00:00:01 |
|* 2 | WINDOW SORT PUSHED RANK| | 14 | 140 | 4 (25)| 00:00:01 |
| 3 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | EMP | 14 | 140 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
!
1 - filter("from$_subquery$_002"."rowlimit_$$_rownumber"<=CASE WHEN
(3>=0) THEN 3 ELSE 0 END +3 AND "from$_subquery$_002"."rowlimit_$$_rownum
ber">3)
2 - filter(ROW_NUMBER() OVER ( ORDER BY INTERNAL_FUNCTION("SAL") DESC
)<=CASE WHEN (3>=0) THEN 3 ELSE 0 END +3)

!
SQL> select ename
2 ,sal
3 from emp
4 order by sal desc
5 fetch first 25 percent row only;
!
ENAME SAL
---------- ----------
KING 5000
FORD 3000
SCOTT 3000
JONES 2975

Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 4130734685
!
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 14 | 826 | 4 (25)| 00:00:01 |
|* 1 | VIEW | | 14 | 826 | 4 (25)| 00:00:01 |
| 2 | WINDOW SORT | | 14 | 140 | 4 (25)| 00:00:01 |
| 3 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| EMP | 14 | 140 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
!
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
!
1 - filter("from$_subquery$_002"."rowlimit_$$_rownumber"<=CEIL("from$
_subquery$_002"."rowlimit_$$_total"*25/100))

SQL> create table weather
2 (dt date not null
3 ,rain number not null
4 );
!
Table created.

SQL> insert into weather
2 with rsf(r)
3 as
4 (select 1
5 from dual
6 union all
7 select r + 1
8 from rsf
9 where r < 31)
10 select to_date (to_char (r)||'-08-2014', 'dd-mm-yyyy') dt
11 ,round ((dbms_random.value * 20)) rain
12 from rsf
13 /
!
31 rows created.

SQL> select dt
2 ,rain
3 ,trend
4 from weather
5 match_recognize(
6 order by dt
7 measures classifier() as trend
8 all rows per match
9 pattern (Better* Worse* same*)
10 define Better as Better.rain < prev (rain)
11 ,Worse as Worse.rain > prev (rain)
12 ,same as same.rain = prev (rain)
13 );

DT RAIN TREND
--------- ---------- ---------
01-AUG-14 14
02-AUG-14 0 BETTER
03-AUG-14 19 WORSE
04-AUG-14 6 BETTER
05-AUG-14 20 WORSE
06-AUG-14 1 BETTER
07-AUG-14 17 WORSE
08-AUG-14 17 SAME
09-AUG-14 14 BETTER
10-AUG-14 18 WORSE
11-AUG-14 9 BETTER
12-AUG-14 4 BETTER
13-AUG-14 17 WORSE
14-AUG-14 16 BETTER
15-AUG-14 5 BETTER
Wh a t a b o u t A n a l y t i c
Fu n c t i o n s?

SQL> select dt
2 ,rain
3 ,case
4 when rain < lag (rain) over (order by dt)
5 then 'Better'
6 when rain > lag (rain) over (order by dt)
7 then 'Worse'
8 when rain = lag (rain) over (order by dt)
9 then 'Same'
10 end trend
11 from weather;

DT RAIN TREND
--------- ---------- ---------
01-AUG-14 14
02-AUG-14 0 Better
03-AUG-14 19 Worse
04-AUG-14 6 Better
05-AUG-14 20 Worse
06-AUG-14 1 Better
07-AUG-14 17 Worse
08-AUG-14 17 Same
09-AUG-14 14 Better
10-AUG-14 18 Worse
11-AUG-14 9 Better
12-AUG-14 4 Better
13-AUG-14 17 Worse
14-AUG-14 16 Better
15-AUG-14 5 Better

SQL> select *
L o o k i n g f o r D r y S p e l l s
2 from weather
3 match_recognize
4 (
5 order by dt
6 measures first (wet.dt) as first_wetday
7 ,dry.dt as dryday
8 ,last (wet.dt) as last_wetday
9 one row per match
10 pattern (wet dry{2,} wet*)
11 define
12 wet as wet.rain > 10,
13 dry as dry.rain <= 10
14 );

pattern (wet dry{2,} wet*)
FIRST_WET DRYDAY LAST_WETD
--------- --------- ---------
10-AUG-14 12-AUG-14 14-AUG-14
23-AUG-14 26-AUG-14 27-AUG-14
2 rows selected.
21-AUG-14 15
22-AUG-14 12
23-AUG-14 18
24-AUG-14 2
25-AUG-14 5
26-AUG-14 4
27-AUG-14 15
28-AUG-14 7
09-AUG-14 14
10-AUG-14 18
11-AUG-14 9
12-AUG-14 4
13-AUG-14 17
14-AUG-14 16
15-AUG-14 5

Galo Balda
SQL Pattern Matching in Oracle 12c
!
Sunday: UGF4482!
Time: 1:30 PM
Stew Ashton
Oracle Database 12c Row Pattern Matching:
Beating the Best Pre-12c Solutions
!
Monday: CON3450!
Time: 4:00 PM

SQL> create table addresses
2 (empno number
3 ,street varchar2(50)
4 ,houseno number
5 ,start_date date
6 ,end_date date
7 ,period for address_valid (start_date, end_date)
8 );
!
Table created.

SQL> select street
2 , houseno
3 , start_date
4 , end_date
5 from addresses;
!
STREET HOUSENO START_DAT END_DATE
--------------- ---------- --------- ---------
Brandywine Rd 345 05-AUG-95 15-FEB-96
Spencer Run 12 16-FEB-96 30-APR-00
Via Palm Lake 741 01-MAY-00 31-JAN-13
76th Way 7616 01-FEB-13

SQL> select street
2 ,houseno
3 ,start_date
4 ,end_date
5 from addresses as of period
6 for address_valid sysdate;
!
--------------- ---------- --------- ---------
76th Way 7616 01-FEB-13

SQL> select street
2 ,houseno
3 ,start_date
4 ,end_date
5 from addresses
6 versions period for address_valid
7 between date '2010-06-01'
8 and sysdate
!
--------------- ---------- --------- ---------
Via Palm Lake 741 01-MAY-00 31-JAN-13
76th Way 7616 01-FEB-13

SQL> begin
2 dbms_flashback_archive.enable_at_valid_time ('CURRENT');
3 end;
4 /
!
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

!
SQL> select street
2 ,houseno
3 ,start_date
4 ,end_date
5 from addresses;
!
--------------- ---------- --------- ---------
76th Way 7616 01-FEB-13

!
SQL> begin
2 dbms_flashback_archive.enable_at_valid_time ('ALL');
3 end;
4 /
!

SQL> create table t
2 (id number generated as identity
3 ,name varchar2(35)
4 );
!
Table created.

!
SQL> insert into t (name) values ('Alex');
!
1 row created.

SQL> insert into t (id, name) values (42, 'TEST');
insert into t (id, name) values (42, 'TEST')
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-32795: cannot insert into a generated always identity column

SQL> insert into t (id, name) values (null, 'TEST');
insert into t (id, name) values (null, 'TEST')
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-32795: cannot insert into a generated always identity column

SQL> insert into t (id, name) values (default, 'TEST');
!
1 row created.

GENERATED
[ ALWAYS | BY DEFAULT [ ON NULL ] ]
AS IDENTITY [ ( identity_options ) ]
Similar to Sequence Options

SQL> create table t
2 (id number generated as identity (start with 42 increment by 2)
4 );
!
Table created.

SQL> insert into t
2 (name)
3 values
4 ('Alex');
!
1 row created.
!
SQL> select *
2 from t
3 /
!
ID NAME
----- ---------
42 Alex

SQL> insert into t
2 (name)
3 values
4 ('Tim');
!
1 row created.
!
SQL> select *
2 from t
3 /
!
ID NAME
----- ---------
42 Alex
44 Tim

SQL> create table t
2 (str varchar2(10) default 'hello'
3 );
!
!
Table created.
!
SQL> insert into t values (null)
2 /
!
1 row created.

SQL> select *
2 from t
3 /
!
STR
----------
Yes, there is a row there

SQL> insert into t values (default)
2 /
!
1 row created.
!
SQL> select *
2 from t
3 /
!
STR
----------
!
hello

SQL> create table t
2 (str varchar2(10) default on null 'Hello'
3 );
!
Table created.
!
SQL> insert into t values (null)
2 /
!
1 row created.
!
SQL> select * from t
2 /
!
STR
----------
Hello

SQL> create sequence seq
2 /
!
Sequence created.
!
SQL> create table t
2 (id number default seq.nextval
4 );
!
Table created.

SQL> insert into t (name)
2 values ('Testing');
!
1 row created.
!
SQL> insert into t (id, name)
2 values (42, 'Testing');
!
1 row created.
!
SQL> insert into t (id, name)
2 values (null, 'Testing');
!
1 row created.

SQL> select *
2 from t
3 /
!
ID NAME
----- --------
1 Testing
42 Testing
Testing

SQL> create sequence seq
2 /
!
Sequence created.
!
SQL> create table t
2 (id number default on null seq.nextval
4 );
!
Table created.
Only when NULL

SQL> insert into t values (null, 'test')
2 /
!
1 row created.
!
SQL> select * from t
2 /
!
ID NAME
------ ---------------------------------
1 test

SQL> create sequence master_seq
2 /
!
Sequence created.
!
SQL> create sequence detail_seq
2 /
!
Sequence created.

SQL> create table masters
2 (id number default master_seq.nextval
4 );
!
Table created.
!
SQL> create table details
2 (id number default detail_seq.nextval
3 ,master_id number default master_seq.currval
5 );
!
Table created.

SQL> insert into masters (name)
2 values ('First Master')
3 /
!
1 row created.
!
SQL> insert into details (name)
2 select 'Detail '||to_char (rownum)
3 from dual
4 connect by level <= 5
5 /
!
5 rows created.

SQL> insert into masters (name)
2 values ('Second Master')
3 /
!
1 row created.
!
SQL> insert into details (name)
2 select 'Detail '||to_char (rownum)
3 from dual
4 connect by level <= 5
5 /
!
5 rows created.

SQL> select *
2 from details
3 /
!
ID MASTER_ID NAME
---- ---------- ------------
1 1 Detail 1
2 1 Detail 2
3 1 Detail 3
4 1 Detail 4
5 1 Detail 5
6 2 Detail 1
7 2 Detail 2
8 2 Detail 3
9 2 Detail 4
10 2 Detail 5
!
10 rows selected.

Subquery Factoring
“Th e W ITH C l a u s e”

SQL> select *
2 from (select ename
3 ,sal
4 from emp
5 order by sal desc
6 )
7 where rownum < 4
8 /
!
ENAME SAL
-------- -------
KING 5000
SCOTT 3000
FORD 3000
SQL> with ordered_emps
2 as
3 (select ename
4 ,sal
5 from emp
6 order by sal desc
7 )
9 select *
10 from ordered_emps
11 where rownum < 4
12 /
!
ENAME SAL
-------- -------
KING 5000
SCOTT 3000
FORD 3000

SQL> with lots(r)
2 as
3 (select 1 r from dual
4 union all
5 select r+1 from lots
6 where r < 5
7 )
8 select *
9 from lots
10 /
!
R
----------
1
2
3
4
5
!
5 rows selected.

SQL> with
2 function formatname (p_name in varchar2)
3 return varchar2
4 is
5 begin
6 return initcap (p_name);
7 end formatname;
8 select ename
9 ,formatname(ename) formatted
10 from emp;
!
ENAME FORMATTED
---------- -------------------------
SMITH Smith
ALLEN Allen
WARD Ward
JONES Jones
MARTIN Martin

SQL> with
2 procedure show (p_what in varchar2)
3 is
4 begin
5 dbms_output.put_line (p_what);
6 end show;
8 return varchar2
9 is
10 begin
11 show ('The input was: '||p_name);
13 end formatname;
14 select ename
15 ,formatname (ename) formatted
16 from emp;

ENAME FORMATTED
---------- -------------
SMITH Smith
ALLEN Allen
WARD Ward
JONES Jones
MARTIN Martin
BLAKE Blake
CLARK Clark
SCOTT Scott
KING King
TURNER Turner
ADAMS Adams
JAMES James
FORD Ford
MILLER Miller
!
14 rows selected.

The input was: SMITH
The input was: ALLEN
The input was: WARD
The input was: JONES
The input was: MARTIN
The input was: BLAKE
The input was: CLARK
The input was: SCOTT
The input was: KING
The input was: TURNER
The input was: ADAMS
The input was: JAMES
The input was: FORD
The input was: MILLER

SQL> with
2 procedure show (p_what in varchar2)
3 is
4 begin
5 dbms_output.put_line ('input is: '||p_what);
6 end show;
8 return varchar2
9 is
10 begin
11 show (p_name);
13 end formatname;
14 ordered_emps as
15 (select ename from emp order by ename asc)
16 select ename
17 ,formatname(ename) formatted
18 from ordered_emps
19 /

ENAME FORMATTED
---------- -----------
ADAMS Adams
ALLEN Allen
BLAKE Blake
CLARK Clark
FORD Ford
JAMES James
JONES Jones
KING King
MARTIN Martin
MILLER Miller
SCOTT Scott
SMITH Smith
TURNER Turner
WARD Ward
!
14 rows selected.

input is: SMITH
input is: ALLEN
input is: WARD
input is: JONES
input is: MARTIN
input is: BLAKE
input is: CLARK
input is: SCOTT
input is: KING
input is: TURNER
input is: ADAMS
input is: JAMES
input is: FORD
input is: MILLER

SQL> create or replace
3 return varchar2
4 is
5 pragma udf;
6 begin
8 end;
9 /

This page is intentionally left blank

2 procedure restricted_proc
3 accessible by (public_proc)
4 is
5 begin
6 dbms_output.put_line
7 ('This can only be called by the public program');
8 end restricted_proc;
!
Procedure created.

2 procedure public_proc
3 is
4 begin
5 dbms_output.put_line ('This is the public program');
6 restricted_proc;
7 end public_proc;
!
Procedure created.

SQL> begin
2 public_proc;
3 end;
4 /
This is the public program
This can only be called by the public program
!

SQL> begin
2 restricted_proc;
3 end;
4 /
restricted_proc;
*
ERROR at line 2:
ORA-06550: line 2, column 4:
PLS-00904: insufficient privilege to access object RESTRICTED_PROC
ORA-06550: line 2, column 4:
PL/SQL: Statement ignored

select …
from …
Redacted
Data

SQL> select ename
2 ,hiredate
3 ,credit_card
4 from emp
5 /
!
ENAME HIREDATE CREDIT_CARD
---------- --------- ------------------
SMITH 17-DEC-80 4916328952854172
ALLEN 20-FEB-81 4539313944751949
WARD 22-FEB-81 4716066949870198
JONES 02-APR-81 5535742924238587
MARTIN 28-SEP-81 5570058606015920
BLAKE 01-MAY-81 5103520492409737
CLARK 09-JUN-81 377819476595275
SCOTT 19-APR-87 349683522367948

begin
dbms_redact.add_policy
(object_schema => 'ALEX'
,object_name => 'EMP'
,policy_name => 'Hide Creditcard'
,expression => '1=1'
,column_name => 'CREDIT_CARD'
,function_type => dbms_redact.regexp
,regexp_pattern => dbms_redact.re_pattern_any_digit
,regexp_replace_string => 'X'
);
end;
/
C h o o s e Po l i c y N ame
Wi s e l y !

---------- --------- -------------------------
SMITH 17-DEC-80 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
ALLEN 20-FEB-81 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
WARD 22-FEB-81 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
JONES 02-APR-81 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
MARTIN 28-SEP-81 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
BLAKE 01-MAY-81 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
CLARK 09-JUN-81 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
SCOTT 19-APR-87 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

begin
,policy_name => 'Hide Creditcard'
,function_type => dbms_redact.partial
,function_parameters => dbms_redact.redact_ccn16_f12
);
end;
/

---------- --------- -------------------------
SMITH 17-DEC-80 ****-****-****-2
ALLEN 20-FEB-81 ****-****-****-9
WARD 22-FEB-81 ****-****-****-8
JONES 02-APR-81 ****-****-****-7
MARTIN 28-SEP-81 ****-****-****-0
BLAKE 01-MAY-81 ****-****-****-7
CLARK 09-JUN-81 ****-****-****-
SCOTT 19-APR-87 ****-****-****-

begin
dbms_redact.add_policy(
object_schema => 'ALEX'
,policy_name => 'Hide Credit Card'
,function_type => dbms_redact.regexp
,function_parameters => null
,regexp_pattern => dbms_redact.re_pattern_cc_l6_t4
,regexp_replace_string => dbms_redact.re_redact_cc_middle_digits
,regexp_position => dbms_redact.re_beginning
,regexp_occurrence => dbms_redact.re_first
);
end;
/

---------- --------- -------------------------
SMITH 17-DEC-80 491632XXXXXX4172
ALLEN 20-FEB-81 453931XXXXXX1949
WARD 22-FEB-81 471606XXXXXX0198
JONES 02-APR-81 553574XXXXXX8587
MARTIN 28-SEP-81 557005XXXXXX5920
BLAKE 01-MAY-81 510352XXXXXX9737
CLARK 09-JUN-81 377819XXXXXX5275
SCOTT 19-APR-87 349683XXXXXX7948

begin
dbms_redact.add_policy(
,policy_name => 'gibberish'
,function_type => DBMS_REDACT.RANDOM
);
END;
/

---------- --------- -------------------------
SMITH 17-DEC-80 _Z^1LYqgbfd9Tay
ALLEN 20-FEB-81 dN9Vpp_.lVA^xxg6
WARD 22-FEB-81 ?8!%`:BQG@)-hBJY
JONES 02-APR-81 ~+bn/Mad'3jv7Ui
MARTIN 28-SEP-81 hg}BQ8etpo&JY@m|
BLAKE 01-MAY-81 *PJ" ,qL2XR*(4yT
CLARK 09-JUN-81 !e5`E)g))m=hM1o
SCOTT 19-APR-87 *|V]>n%y2%^eFv-

---------- --------- -------------------------
SMITH 17-DEC-80 _;T99'L@gCAA/TH
ALLEN 20-FEB-81 J/Zs)aE@R7b{1iMH
WARD 22-FEB-81 {?-Z#/b0$G5b+7j8
JONES 02-APR-81 IKn4cRczQSv<kZk#
MARTIN 28-SEP-81 qX=>90;?y`EFA8CG
BLAKE 01-MAY-81 oTSNzmVhw[V#u^p
CLARK 09-JUN-81 <$/9d5T'D,7Al=
SCOTT 19-APR-87 au$O]"P|i},We*X

begin
,policy_name => 'Hide Hire Date'
,column_name => 'HIREDATE'
,function_parameters => dbms_redact.redact_date_millennium
);
end;
/

---------- --------- -------------------------
SMITH 01-JAN-00 4916328952854172
ALLEN 01-JAN-00 4539313944751949
WARD 01-JAN-00 4716066949870198
JONES 01-JAN-00 5535742924238587
MARTIN 01-JAN-00 5570058606015920
BLAKE 01-JAN-00 5103520492409737
CLARK 01-JAN-00 377819476595275
SCOTT 01-JAN-00 349683522367948

begin
dbms_redact.alter_policy(
,policy_name => 'Obscure some data'
,action => dbms_redact.ADD_COLUMN
,column_name => 'HIREDATE'
,function_parameters => dbms_redact.redact_date_epoch
);
end;
/
Same Policy Name
C h o o s e Po l i c y N ame
Wi s e l y !

---------- --------- -------------------------
SMITH 01-JAN-70 491632XXXXXX4172
ALLEN 01-JAN-70 453931XXXXXX1949
WARD 01-JAN-70 471606XXXXXX0198
JONES 01-JAN-70 553574XXXXXX8587
MARTIN 01-JAN-70 557005XXXXXX5920
BLAKE 01-JAN-70 510352XXXXXX9737
CLARK 01-JAN-70 377819XXXXXX5275
SCOTT 01-JAN-70 349683XXXXXX7948

12.1.0.2
Storing
Query
Indexing

Name : Value
Name : Value,
Name : Value, { }

[ { Name : Value
} , { Name : Value
Name : Value,
Name : Value,
}
] Name : Value, Name : Value,

{"ACCOUNTING" : {
"EMPLOYEES" : [
{"ENAME" : "KING",
"JOB" : "PRESIDENT",
"SAL" : 5000
},
{"ENAME" : "MILLER",
"JOB" : "CLERK",
"SAL" : 1300
}]
}
}

SQL> create table t
2 (json_data varchar2(4000)
3 );
!
Table created.
!
SQL> alter table t
2 add constraint json_valid check (json_data is json)
3 /
!
Table altered.

SQL> insert into t
2 values ('{"valid":"json"}');
!
1 row created.

SQL> insert into t
2 values ('Just a string');
insert into t
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02290: check constraint (ALEX.JSON_VALID) violated

SQL> select json_value (json_data
2 ,'$.valid'
3 )
4 from t
5 /
!
JSON_VALUE(JSON_DATA,'$.VALID')
--------------------------------
json
Json Path Expression

insert into t
values ('{"ACCOUNTING" : {
"EMPLOYEES" : [
{"ENAME" : "KING",
"SAL" : 5000
},
"JOB" : "CLERK",
"SAL" : 1300
}]
}
}');

SQL> select json_value (json_data
Json Path Expression
2 ,'$.ACCOUNTING.EMPLOYEES[0].ENAME')
2 from t;
!
JSON_VALUE(JSON_DATA,'$.ACCOUNTING.EMPLOYEES[0].ENAME')
-------------------------------------------------------
!
KING
!
2 rows selected.

SQL> select ename
2 ,job
3 ,sal
4 from t
5 ,json_table (json_data, '$.ACCOUNTING.EMPLOYEES[*]'
6 columns (ename varchar2(20) path '$.ENAME'
7 ,job varchar2(20) path '$.JOB'
8 ,sal number path '$.SAL'
9 ));
!
ENAME JOB SAL
------------ ------------ ----------
KING PRESIDENT 5000
MILLER CLERK 1300
!
2 rows selected.

SQL> select *
2 from t
3 where json_exists (json_data
4 ,'$.*.EMPLOYEES');
!
JSON_DATA
-------------------------------------------
{"ACCOUNTING" : {
"EMPLOYEES" : [
{"ENAME" : "KING",
"SAL" : 5000
},
"JOB" : "CLERK",
"SAL" : 1300
}]
}
}

JSON Generation
post 12.1.0.2
JSON_OBJECT
JSON_ARRAY

2 procedure show_callstack
3 is
4 begin
5 dbms_output.put_line (dbms_utility.format_call_stack());
6 end show_callstack;
7 /
!
Procedure created.

1 create or replace
2 package body pkg is
3 procedure p
4 is
5 procedure q
6 is
7 procedure r
8 is
9 procedure p is
10 begin
11 show_callstack();
12 raise program_error;
13 end p;
14 begin
15 p();
16 end r;
17 begin
18 r();
19 end q;
20 begin
21 q();
22 end p;
23 end pkg;

----- PL/SQL Call Stack -----
object line object
handle number
name
0x9faa8f18 4 procedure ALEX.SHOW_CALLSTACK
0x9dbd2c00 10
package body ALEX.PKG
0x9dbd2c00 14 package body ALEX.PKG
0x9dbd2c00
17 package body ALEX.PKG
0x9dbd2c00 20 package body ALEX.PKG
0x9fc73e18
2 anonymous block
!
begin
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-06501: PL/SQL: program error
ORA-06512: at "ALEX.PKG", line 11
ORA-06512: at line 2

2 procedure show_callstack
3 as
4 depth pls_integer := utl_call_stack.dynamic_depth();
5 procedure headers
...
11 end headers;
12 begin
13 headers;
14 for j in reverse 1..depth loop
15 dbms_output.put_line(
16 rpad( utl_call_stack.lexical_depth(j), 10 ) ||
17 rpad( j, 7) ||
18 rpad( to_char(utl_call_stack.unit_line(j), '99'), 9 ) ||
19 utl_call_stack.concatenate_subprogram
20 (utl_call_stack.subprogram(j)));
21 end loop;
22 end show_callstack;

Lexical Depth Line Name
Depth Number
------- ----- ---- ----
0 6 2 __anonymous_block
1 5 20 PKG.P
2 4 17 PKG.P.Q
3 3 14 PKG.P.Q.R
4 2 10 PKG.P.Q.R.P
0 1 14 SHOW_CALLSTACK
begin
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-06501: PL/SQL: program error
ORA-06512: at line 2

Connor McDonald
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Everything That Is Really Useful in
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