Org Behavior Case Study

Org Behavior Case Study
MAN 5246 Organizational Behavior Module 2, Fall 2015 Pluto Candy Company Team Case
Exercise Pluto Candy Company Memorandum Date: December 11th, 2015 To: Judith Callahan, PhD
Vice–President, Operations From: Employee Attitudes Task Force Re: Employee Attitudes Cc:
Clyde Tombaugh, President This memorandum is a response to Judith Callahan's Pluto Strategic
Initiative Program. Our Employee attitude task force has worked diligently and precisely to
determine where the Pluto Candy Company stands in terms of achieving a satisfied and committed
workforce. Our results and analysis are based off the Employee Attitude Survey and can be found
below. Please feel free to contact any member of our ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Refer to appendix B for detailed data analysis. Question 3: Within the company, are there any
divisions whose employees have an attitude problem and, if so, why? (Conversely, if there are
divisions that have happy employees, I'd like to hear about that too.) Based on our data, Division
1(manufacturing), reported significantly lower levels of job satisfaction in comparison to the other 4
divisions. Manufacturing employees reported lower comparative satisfaction levels in the following
attitude measures: JDIPRO, UNDER, IMP1 and IMP4. This may be a result of limited job
complexity. On the other hand, the research and development employees in division 3, reported
significantly higher levels of satisfaction based on JDIW attitude measures. Higher satisfaction
levels in R&D can be a result of higher skill variety and task identity in comparison to other
divisions. In order to compare employee satisfaction by division (independent variable) and examine
employee attitudes, we compared the mean differences between the following dependent variables:
the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ), the pay satisfaction questionnaire (PSQ), Job
Descriptive Index (JDI), the work itself (JDIW), supervisors (JDIS), Job Descriptive Index of Co–
Workers (JDIC) and promotions (JDIPRO). Additional dependent variables regarding employees
sentiments towards performance appraisal
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Methods Of Design And Context
Methods
Design and Context
A quantitative survey consisting of eight main sections and demographic information was given to
international students at a Western United States land grant university. The survey's eight sections
assessed students' level of agreement in the eight following categories: personal life, cultural
concerns, academics, university programs, health care, safety, and the International Students and
Scholars Office (ISS). The questions were evaluated on a standard 5–point Likert type scale. In
addition, open–ended responses were elicited for country of origin and religious beliefs to ensure
possibly answers were not omitted by the research team. Questions were divided into the eight
categories to make the survey process easier for respondents while also preserving internal validity
of the questionnaire. The survey was sent via email through the ISS office to the entire international
student population of 862 students. 63 students responded to the survey, giving a response rate of
6.54%. This was significantly lower than the researcher's target of 25%, but the response rate was
typical for this student population (Porter & Whitcomb, 2007).
Participants
Demographic and group comparison information was collected in order to account for differences in
geographic location, religious beliefs, gender, age, and time at the university. International students
are often grouped together as one statistical category, but the differences present are numerous and

Implicit And Explicit Behavior : An Evaluation And...
Abstract
The research is based on 'Implicit Social In–Group Bias.' This research regards the work of
Greenwald, A. G., McGhee, D. E., & Schwartz, J. K. L. It was predicted that, there'd be a faster
reaction time in the young and positive condition then the young and negative condition. 248
participants were used. The administration of IAT (Implicit Association Test) helped assess the
distinction of the individual's characteristics, associating 'Young' and 'Positive' to measure the
cognitive process. The variables include the two types of conditions and the reaction time. The
results exhibited a quicker reaction time in the young and positive condition.
Introduction
Investigating various methods of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The topic of research shows the individual's behavior in terms of implicit in–group bias. The
Implicit Association Test (IAT) was used to measure the individual differences in cognition, whilst
considering the research of Greenwald, A. G., McGhee, D. E., & Schwartz, J. K. L (1998). T, where
participants were asked to categorize the names under the label of 'Blacks' and 'Whites'. Then the
participants had to categorize certain words under the labels of 'Pleasant' or 'Unpleasant'. Therefore
portraying certain attributes, where in two categories are merged together and the IAT is measured,
thus being the main focus for this experiment. The performance measured the differences of
implicitly associated with the attributes of various concepts. The results exhibited implicit cognition
that cannot be drawn by explicit measures. A similar study by Russell H. Fazio and Michael A.
Olson, conducted an implicit measures test on social cognition to see the constructs of implicit
measures, as to explicit measures in different underlying conditions. This was based on various
attitudes in the pervasiveness of literature. This was because they wanted a theoretical perspective
on several stimuli based on attitudes as well as the literature point of it.
The current research is an experimental design and used the IAT measures to collect the data; in this
experiment it was the reaction time of the participants

Pre-Program Evaluation Essay
The purpose of our evaluation is to assess if the girls who participate in the GRL program, apply the
skills and knowledge they acquire upon completion of the program. To answer this question, we will
use a pre–experimental research design consisting of pre–test and post–test surveys, as well as a
post–test focus group for more in depth narratives. The purpose of the pre–test and the post–test is to
ascertain the types of behaviors and habits the girls have prior to their participation in the GRL
program and see how these change after the 16–week program.
To answer our main question we will first categorize the range of behaviors and habits as desirable
or undesirable. Then using descriptive statistics we will determine the frequency of ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Our findings will demonstrate the range of behaviors, habits, and understandings the girls have in
the areas of coping skills, life skills, professional pathways, and healthy relationships, prior to and
after their participation in GRL. Descriptive statistics will help us see if there is a change in the girls'
understanding and behaviors between the two points in time, the direction of the change.
Additionally, a paired sample t–test will help us understand if the change is statistically significant.
We will also be able to demonstrate in what areas the program was most impactful, and if any
demographic factors predicted the program's effectiveness. However, due to the small sample size
and the lack of a control group, we cannot control for the validity of the findings nor necessarily
assume generalizability.
The findings from the evaluation of the GRL program will be disseminated in a comprehensive
formal report for accountability, participant progress, and program effectiveness. However,
abbreviated versions of the report may be used according to the audience to which the information is
directed. The GRL focus group discussion will be recorded and sent to GRL staff to view for any
program improvements or necessary changes. The findings of this evaluation will be used by GRL

SPSS Report
QMS 202 – SPSS Term Project Winter 2012 Submitted: March 29th 2012 Dr. Changping Wang
QMS 202 – SPSS Project Part A – Mean Prices between Residential Properties in Toronto, San
Francisco and Montreal Introduction The data for the first test to be conducted by our group consists
of the prices of residential properties in various locations. The locations are Toronto, San Francisco
and Montreal. The values of the samples are all represented in Canadian Dollars. The data taken are
based on the residential property prices on January 8th 2012. Our group will execute a test to
determine if there is a significant difference in the mean residential property prices for Toronto, San
Francisco and Montreal. Furthermore, if the tests ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
µ2 represents the mean residential property price in San Francisco, while µ3 represents the mean
residential property price in Montreal. The null hypothesis suggests that there is no difference
between the means of the three samples, while the claim in the alternative hypothesis suggests that
at least one mean is different. Since no level of significance was given, we assume that: α = 0.05
Conclusion Using the data from SPSS output, the P–value (represented by "Sig." – One Way
DataSet 1residential sales.sav) found on the second table – ANOVA is 0.140. Since P–Value > α ;
fail to reject Ho Therefore, at 5% level of significance, there is insufficient evidence to indicate that
the claim that there is a significant difference in the mean residential property prices for Toronto,
San Francisco and Montreal is true. *Full SPSS Output can be found in the appendix section of the
report. Part B – Difference in Lot Sizes for Residential Properties in Toronto and Vancouver
Introduction The data for the second test to be conducted by our group consists of lot sizes of the
residential properties that are up for sale in Toronto and Vancouver. The samples are represented in
m2 (metres squared; area of the land in which the residential properties are built on). The data taken
are based on the properties that are up for

An Overview On Flowers.com Flowers.com
1–800–FLOWERS.com was founded in 1976 as a single store, only coming into real growth as a
prominent floral wire service (a third party company that manages orders between customers and
local florists) in the late 80s and 90s. It achieved great growth and public notice by investing early in
emerging technologies, partnering with early internet providers as early as 1992 and establishing
tele–commerce by 1995 (and mobile apps by 2012). 1–800–FLOWERS.com is a multi–platform
business that uses the internet, retail stores, and over 100 franchise stores to sell its products. In
addition to selling flower arrangements, 1–800–FLOWERS.com owns many other companies such
as Fannie May Confections, Inc. (premium chocolates and confections), Cheryl & Co. (fresh baked
gifts and desserts), 1–800–BASKETS.com (gift baskets), The Popcorn Factory, Winetasting.com
and many others (which has leads to fears about brand dilution). 1–800–FLOWERS.com reduces
the bargaining power of suppliers by working directly with local professional florists by setting up a
BloomNet florist–to–florist wire service network. 1–800–FLOWERS.com comparatively has a
much larger revenue than the industry in general ($660.9 million compared to $76.1 million) and a
larger variable employee base (because of very busy days like Valentine's Day, etc.). However, their
operating margin is much lower (1.18% to 21.28%) which implies variable costs are very high. 1–
800–FLOWERS.com is only located in 12 states in the United States

Testing the Difference Between the Respondents Demographic...
Testing the difference between the respondents demographic groups As mentioned in chapter 4:
table 4–3, there was a very different between the number of respondents within some demographic
groups, e.g. the gender groups compromised 185 males and 25 females and similarly, the academic
background groups compromised 3 high school, 185 graduate and 85 postgraduate holders.
Therefore, generalising the results of testing the difference between the means of these groups may
be invalid and meaningfulness. However, it could give general indicators about the opinion of each
group regarding the performing the SECI and innovation processes within the Egyptian banks.
In this term, there are two methods to test the difference means between groups ... Show more
In the other hand, the One–way ANOVA test is used to test whether three or more groups means are
different. This test is suitable for testing the means difference between the years of experience
groups (≤ 5, 6–10, 11–15, 16–20 and >20yrs), between the academic background groups (high
school, graduate and postgraduate) and between the job title groups (junior, senior, head of
department, auditor, vice manager and manager)
Independent t–test results
The t–test can be used to test whether two groups are different. The independent t–test is used when
there are two experimental conditions (e.g. male and female or public and private banks) and
different participates have been used in each condition (e.g. SECI and innovation processes).
Independent t–test table yielded by PASW normally mentions two rows for the test statistics: one
row is labelled Equal variance assumed, while the other is labelled Equal variances not assumed.
Which row is considered is based on the significant of Levene's test for Equality of Variances.
Therefore, if the Levene's test is significant, the Equal variances not assumed row will be used for
the t–test. The significant of this difference is based on the significant of the t–test. That is, if this
test is significant, it could be included that the difference between the means of these

The Heat Shock Protein 72
At the start of the paper (Lancaster et al., 2004) the abstract is written well by stating their
hypothesis, whether heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) can be released during times of physical stress.
This section also contains data collected from the results to give the reader a clear insight in to what
to expect to find. It is my opinion, the abstract is a positive due to it enticing you in and explaining
what the study will be about. Following on from the abstract the introduction goes in to extensive
detail in to studies previously undertaken around Hsp72, these go in to great detail of what the other
articles have found. Citing papers that are up to date for their time, around the late 20th century and
the start of the 21st century as ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is my belief that the authors(Lancaster et al., 2004) were justified in using this citation. To run
experiments with human subject's ethical approval is needed and for this they received their
approval from the Ethical Committee of Copenhagen and Frederiksberg in accordance with
Declaration of Helsinki. Which has appeared in other articles related to research based on Hsp72
(Peart et al., 2011). For this experimental procedure factors needed to be controlled to ensure they
had no effect on results for example, uptake of nutrients and environmental conditions. These were
controlled by having a period of fasting and specific carbohydrate drinks to drink during exercise
and the room temperature kept at 21±1°c. Although these are good points for the method, it also
comes into criticism as well. Firstly the use of a catheter in the antecubital vein with no mention on
how stressful this could be on the subjects. An improvement on this method would be to take blood
samples without a catheter either at the start and end of the exercise session or at intervals during the
session (Magalhães et al., 2010). Secondary the use of only 6 highly trained men with a mean age
range of 26±2 years as a sample size, this doesn't fairly represent the population and from my
research I can find no large size study for this topic with the greatest sample size being 16 men
(Périard, Ruell, Caillaud, & Thompson,

What Is Data Analysis And Application ( DAA )
Data Analysis and Application (DAA)
This paper will examine a data analysis and application for an independent t test comparing the
mean GPAs of a sample of male and female students. It will pose a research question that the data
will set out to answer. It will provide a null hypothesis and an alternative hypothesis, and will
provide an analysis showing why the null hypothesis should be accepted or rejected in favor of the
alternative hypothesis.
Data File Description
For this independent t test, the mean GPAs of 64 females and 41 males were compared. The
variables used are (1) gender, and (2) GPA. The predictor, or independent, variable is gender. And
the outcome variable is GPA. Gender can only have two values, male or female; this ... Show more
Statistic df Sig. gpa .091 105 .033 .956 105 .001
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
The p value is .001, which shows that the data is not normal. However, this test is more reliable with
larger sample sizes. Therefore, if there was a larger sample size here, the results of this test may
differ from above.
Assumption 2 of the t test is that there will be independence of observation. Here, a participant can
only be a member of the male group or the female group; this cannot overlap and a person can only
be assigned to one group. This will not be tested via a visual component, as this assumption is based
on setting up the research correctly.
Assumption 3 is homogeneity of variance, that the variances of the outcome variable in both groups,
the male group and the female group, will be equal. The Levene Test for Equality of Variances has a
sig. value of .566. This number is higher than .05 and, therefore, implies that the variability of the
two groups is about equal.
Based on the above, it appears that the assumptions have been met. Assumption 1, that the outcome
variable will be normally distributed, is supported by visual interpretation of the histogram and the
skewness and kurtosis calculations. The Shapiro–Wilk test, on the other hand, did not support the
assumption. However, this could be due to sample size; the bigger the sample, the more accurate the
results. This could shed some doubt on the research; to completely meet the assumption, a larger

Multitasking Experiment and Results
Introduction Multitasking is part of everyday life. Daily routines from driving to work or school, to
coming home, involve people handling more than one task at a time. At what point is it too much to
handle before mistakes are being made? When someone answers a call on their cell phone while
driving, that is multitasking, and that has shown to be hazardous. When a student is instant
messaging and writing a paper at the same time, that is hazardous as well, but not in the way one
would immediately think. Heavy media use may be associated with decreased social well–being and
could cause harm on young adults psychological functioning. Also, people who often multitask with
media such as the TV, the internet, etc, have shown instances in which there was a diminished
ability to effectively filter non–important information cognitively. The usage of media that college
students use today has increased by at least 20% in the last decade (Alzahabi & Becker, 2013).
According to Stephen Monsell, everything people do requires a schema or task–set to perform that
function. Mr. Monsell stated that we use executive control to pick and perform the proper task–set(s)
that are necessary to complete our current goals or activities without being distracted to complete
other unnecessary goals or activities (Monsell, 2003). Executive Control or Executive Function is a
mental process that connects past experiences people have had with present actions they are going
through. People use this when

An Investigation Into the Effects of Varying Seawater...
An investigation into the effects of varying seawater concentrations on two marine invertebrates'
osmoregulatory abilities; Carcinus maenas and Arenicola marina. Introduction The concentration of
solutes in the bodily fluids of most marine invertebrates is roughly isosmotic to their environment
(Raven, 2008). Because there is no osmotic gradient there is no tendency for the net diffusion of
water away from the animal's cells to occur. When a change in salinity occurs some organisms have
the ability to maintain a constant internal homeostasis despite these external changes and are known
as osmoregulators (Oxford, 2008). Other animals lack this ability and as such are called
osmoconformers; their internal osmolarity matches that of their ... Show more content on
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Values are mean ± SEM. N=7 for all groups. As seen in Figure 2 the haemolymph at each
concentration closely follows the equivalence line and each reading at the different seawater
concentrations is significantly different from every other data point (p<0.001). Figure 2.
Haemolymph chloride levels as a function of seawater chloride at 4 concentrations; 100%, 75%,
50% and 25%. Values are mean ± SEM. N=7 for all groups. After 3 days in the diluted seawater the
crab's haemolymph Sodium levels were significantly lower (p<0.001) than the crabs stored in full
strength seawater as seen in figure 3. There was no significant difference between the mean
haemolymph Sodium values of the three dilutions at 75%, 50% and 25%. Figure 3. Haemolymph
Sodium levels as a function of seawater Sodium at 4 concentrations; 100%, 75%, 50% and 25%.
Values are mean ± SEM. N=7 for all groups. Arenicola Marina There was no significant (p<0.05)
difference between the initial weights of the lugworms in the 4 sample groups, avoiding any bias in
treatments. As Figure 4 shows each sample group showed a large increase in weight after exposure
to the diluted salinities with the lugworms that were placed in full strength seawater not showing an
increase of more than 1.7%. Figure 4. Percentage increase in weight of Arenicola Marina over a
period of 90 minutes when exposed to varying dilutions of seawater. Values are mean ± SEM. N=6
for 75%

Teaching Methods and Student Achievent
Introduction There are many views on how to educate children of the 21st century. Today's
education world is focused on student achievement based on standardized test scores. Each year,
teachers, districts, and states participate in state testing which shows progress toward a common
goal per state, proficiency in academic core content. However, these standardized tests vary from
state to state and examined at the national level. Therefore, the level of accuracy cannot be
determined as to which states, school districts, and school sites are making great strides to close the
achievement gap. Effective teachers are closing the gap by using a variety of strategies and methods
in the classroom.
Statement of the Problem Since the adoption of the No Child Left Behind laws of 2002 states,
school districts, and teachers have been on a mission to find ways to make instruction and learning
meaningful to students while meeting the goals set forth by the national and state legislatures while
closing the achievement gap and making sure students are successful. Over the years, many new
trends as to how to close the achievement gap have flourished. With these trends come numerous
amounts of research proving why a particular new teaching methodology is going to work over
another; states, school districts, and school sites are at the mercy of these trends to help close the gap
to meet the national educational goal of all students must be successful in school. The notion NCLB
brings

What Are The Advantages And Weaknesses Of Science And...
In the 21st century, science and technology were developing rapidly so it was also affecting the lives
and the kind of work the public had at this time. Result of research [1] mentions that there has been
a shift in the kind of job and the skills required in the 21st century, the needs of human resources to
routine jobs declined from year to year because they were replaced by machines. On the contrary
needs of expert thinking and complex communication increased. Figure 1 shows pyramid of future
work where the highest form is creative work which requires intelligence and creativity to produce
creative and innovative products [2]. Independence, flexibility, communication, and creativity are
keywords describing their future job expectations [3, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Advantages and weaknesses of learning
Results of the students' response of learning questionnaires showed positive response, students like
the activity to make creative products by integrated STEM knowledge, they argue that these
activities were able to develop students' creativity, build ability to work together, learn to be more
responsible and provide new experience in project based learning that they had never experienced
before.
The weaknesses of this learning were a lot of time and cost to complete the creative products. In
addition, students usually used teacher–centered learning, Therefore, the students think it difficult to
find alternative solutions when they are faced with difficulties at the time of working on a project, so
the lecturer must often provide assistance and motivation to the students in order for them not to
despair and finish the project
CONCLUSION
The activities to Creativity is an important capability that should be held to competitive standards in
the 21st century in entering the era of information and knowledge. The aims of this study were to
explore the creativity of students through learning that integrated STEM knowledge. Based on the
results and discussions above, it can be concluded as

Erp Recording And Its Effects Essay
ERP recording The EEG was recorded from 64 electrodes under eyes, IO1, IO2, on the mid–line,
Fp1, Fp2, AFz, Fz, Cz, CPz, Pz, POz, Oz, and Iz; on the left side, F9, F7, F5, F3, F1, FT7, FC5,
FC3, FC1, T7, C5, C3, C1, TP9, TP7, CP5, CP3, CP1, P9, P7, P5, P3, P1, PO9, PO7, and O1; on the
right, F2, F4, F6, F8, F10, FC2, FC4, FC6, FT8, C2, C4, C6, T8, CP2, CP4, CP6, TP8, TP10, P2,
P4, P6, P8, P10, PO8, PO10, and O2; from the international 10–20 system (American
Electroencephalographic Society, 1994). Individual sensors were adjusted until impedances were
kept at 20 k. All electrodes referenced to FCz and the ground electrode applied from FCz. All
channels were amplified with a bandpass of 10s–250Hz. Electrooculographic (EOG) recordings
were measured with an electrode below the eyes (vertical EOG) and electrodes lateral to each eye
(horizontal EOG). Statistical Analysis Response time and percentages of correct responses
investigated with repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) for different modality
(visual/auditory/new) as within subjects' factors. The reaction time obtained from the EEG data was
calculated by dividing ten. Behavioral data were recorded with d–prime. Correct responses were
calculated from hit rate (total of correctly recognized the brands of visual and acoustic and divided
based on stimulus) and false alarm (incorrectly decided as old for new brands and divided based on
stimulus, therefore Pr = probability of HIT – the probability of False Alarm).

A Study On Capstone Experience Proposal
Capstone Experience Proposal
The focus of this project is to do an evaluation of the preliminary results observed in the first two
years of the study. I am interested in answering the following questions:
Baseline Assessments (Year 1 Data)
1. How do noise exposures among participating farmers (both control and intervention farmers)
compare to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration Permissible Exposure Limit (OSHA
PEL), the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Recommended Exposure Limit
(NIOSH REL), and the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists Threshold
Limit Value (ACGIH TLV) for noise?
2. How severe is hearing loss among this group of participating farmers (both control and ... Show
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Is the point–source hearing protection strategy to increase hearing protection use among farmers
successful?
a. Do participating farmers in the intervention group experience any change in hearing at Year 2
compared to Year 1?
b. Do participating farmers in the control group experience any change in hearing at Year 2
compared to Year 1?
c. Are the participants actually using the intervention (the point–source hearing protection)?
2. How severe is hearing loss among this group of participating farmers (both control and
intervention farmers)?
a. Do participating farmers (both control and intervention farmers) experience significant hearing
loss from year–to–year or is hearing loss more subtle and gradual?
3. Does one ear tend to have more hearing loss than the other ear, or is hearing loss evenly
distributed between ears?
4. Are notches indicative of future hearing loss?
5. How do the general attitudes and beliefs regarding hearing protection and hearing loss among this
group of participating farmers (both control and intervention farmers) change over time?
a. Do participating farmers in the intervention group experience any change in their attitudes and
beliefs regarding hearing protection and hearing loss at Year 2 compared to Year 1?
b. Do participating farmers in the control group experience any change in their attitudes and beliefs
regarding hearing protection and hearing loss at Year 2 compared to Year 1?
c. Does education about

Avocado Leaf Plasticity Essay
DIFFERENCES IN SUN AND SHADE LEAVES OF AVOCADO TREES BY PHENOTYPIC
PLASTICITY
INTRODUCTION: Phenotypic plasticity, or differing phenotypes from one genotype in different
environmental conditions, is a way for sessile organisms to adapt to changing environmental
conditions (Valladares et al., 2007). Plasticity was expected to be abundant, however, it did not
occur as often in nature due to resource limitations and environmental stress (Valladares et al.,
2007). An experiment by Matos tested the phenotypic plasticity to light availability in shade and sun
leaves of coffee trees (Matos et al., 2009). Their research indicated that "compared [to] sun leaves,
shade leaves had a lower stomatal density, a thinner palisade mesophyll, a ... Show more content on
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This process was done twice on each tree in the understory for shade leaves, and in the canopy for
sun leaves. Each leaf was measured for its surface area, length–to–width ratio, mass, specific leaf
mass, and color. Surface area was measured by a leaf area meter in squared centimeters. Length–to–
width ratio was measured by measuring the length (vertically along the bridge of the leaf) and the
width (horizontally on the widest part of the leaf) with a ruler in centimeters, and dividing the length
by the width. Mass was calculated by a balance in grams. Specific leaf mass (thickness) was
measured by dividing the mass by its surface area in grams per squared centimeter. Color was
measured by having three reference leaves provided by the instructor, indicating light (L), medium
(M), and dark (D) leaves and compared our collected leaves. After recording all of the data, these
data were then input into a statistical program called StatCat to determine normality through a
normality test. The data for surface area, length–to–width ratio, mass, and specific leaf mass for sun
and shade leaves were both normal, therefore, we chose a paired sample t–test for all of them. A
normality test was not needed for color for sun and shade leaves due to it being a nominal scale data.
The number of light, medium, and dark shade leaves were tallied up according to color, and the
same was done for the sun leaves. A contingency table was made in

A Brief Note On Hansen Mechanical Contractors ( Hmc )
Hansen Mechanical Contractors (HMC) is a large construction company who has changed the way
sick time and personal time off (PTO) is paid and taken. In past years (up until 2013) sick time was
only able to be taken in the calendar year and if not taken would be lost. Each employee was given
seven sick days per year. Sick time could not be rolled over or cashed out at the end of the year.
HMC decided starting January 1, 2014 that they would change this policy in hopes of giving their
employees an incentive to not use sick time and take less days off per year. Sick time was changed
to PTO time and they were given seven PTO days per year. The change to PTO time gave the
employees the incentive to not use their PTO time and to instead be paid 50 cents on the dollar for
time not used at the end of the year. This business situation should be addressed to see the impact
that this change has had on the company and to see if the company's goals with the new policy are
being achieved.
Part B1: Summary of Data
The data collected to do this analysis is the employee's attendance records by year (2013, 2014,
2015) from the imaging system. The attendance records are a record of how much sick and PTO
time was taken for the entire year. The amount of time taken is then entered into a table by
employee. There are 33 employees who will be entered into the table by year. The accounting
system also holds this data which I used to double check the numbers against the attendance

The Shannon's Diversity Index For South Plots Of Aspen...
Results: The variables that we examined were the mean proportion of the qualitative categories in
2012 vs. 2015, the Shannon's diversity index for 2012 vs. 2015 for south plots and that of Aspen
plots control vs. treatment. These variables were each represented in one of my graphs. The graph in
Figure 1 was a histogram which depicted the mean proportion among all 2015 plots for each
designated category. The graph compared the qualitative category of ground cover type with the
quantitative discrete variable calculated by averaging the proportional frequency of each category
among all the south plots.
Figure 1
Figure 2The graph in Figure 2 was a histogram which depicted the same variables, but only for the
south treatment plots from 2012. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The graph in Figure 3 was a bar graph which depicted the mean diversity index for 2012 and 2015
south treatment plots. The graph compared the qualitative variable of year with the quantitative
continuous variable calculated by the Shannon's Diversity index.
Figure 3
These results were not very significant as the number of indices recorded was 3 and 3 for group
2012 and 2015 respectively. Consequently, the graph ended up having enormous error bars, which
only further indicated that we cannot conclude much from this graph even though the treatment
group seemed to have a higher diversity index. In real ecosystems the Shannon's diversity index
often averages between 1.5 and 3.5. Our index was lower even though the ground cover seems fairly
diverse as it is not uniformly diverse. This decrease the diversity index as the index fluctuated based
diversity and the uniformness of the diversity.
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 4 showed a histogram of the Shannon's Diversity Indies of the south treatments in both years.
The distribution was almost uniform, other than a mode of 2 between .60 and .8. The distribution of
the histogram highlighted the lack of data as all, but one of the frequencies was 1. This was also
exemplified in Figure 3 by large error bars. The graph in Figure 5 was a bar graph which depicted
the mean diversity index for both Aspen treatment and control plots. The graph compared the

Res/351 Week 5 Individual Assignment Essay
Determine which level of measurement– nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio–is used in the following
examples. The Association of Accountants is conducting a survey to determine the ranking of the
top 100 accounting firms in the world. Ordinal How many years did it take you to earn your college
degree? Ratio On a questionnaire which asks for gender, males are coded as 1 and females are coded
as 2. Interval Respondents are asked to rate a list of high–tech companies as excellent, good, fair, or
poor in terms of their service delivery. Ordinal Cereal brands are arranged in an ordered sequence in
which an equal interval exists between each point. Interval LeBron James wears the number 23 on
his jersey. Nominal The length of time it ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Convenience The Consumer Price Index represents a sampling of 90,000 items from 364 categories,
chosen from 20,000 retail stores in 85 geographically distributed areas that are chosen to be as
similar as possible. Cluster A finance professor wants to know how many MBA students would be
willing to take a course in international finance this summer. She surveys students in the class she is
currently teaching. Convenience Which hypothesis–testing procedure would you use in the
following situations? The mean time an American family lives in a particular single–family dwelling
is 11.8 years. A sample of 100 families in the Sycamore, OK area shows the mean time living in a
single family residence is 12.7 years. Can we conclude that the time people live in Sycamore is
significantly more than the national average? One Sample Z–Test A researcher would like to know if
there is a significant difference in clothing purchases between full–time working women, part–time
working women, and women who are homemakers. ANOVA Eighty percent of those who play the
state lottery never win more than $100 in one play. A sample of 500 players was drawn and the
mean winning was $125. One Sample Z–Test A drug manufacturing company conducted a survey of
customers. The research question was as follows: Is there a significant relationship between
packaging

The Effect Of Conditioned Response On Hr Student 's Name...
Effect of Conditioned Response on HR Student's name Institution Abstract This report is based on
an experiment to investigate the effect t of a tone conditioned stimuli to heart rate. The study used
56 participants mean age 24.20 years where 15 were male and 41 were female. The study was purely
experimental where the participants were subjected to a specified tone either at rest or when hopping
and then were asked to count their heart beat rate using the palpation method. The experiment took
place in three phases– pre–test, training and the post–test. Heart rates results for each participant
was recorded in each phase and the mean heart rate was calculated for the pre–test and post–test.
Results indicated higher mean rates and standard deviation for post –test in comparison to the pre–
test. A sample t–test was also carried out for pre–test vs post–test mean hear rate measurements.
Analysis of the results showed that tone conditioned stimuli led to increased heart rates. Effect of
Conditioned Response on HR A conditioned stimulus in classical conditioning can be defined as a
learned response in relation to a previously neutral stimulus (Domjan, Grau, & Krause, 2010).
It is a learned reflexive response that is evoked when one is exposed to the same response (Schreurs,
Smith–Bell, & Burhans, 2011). While there has been an increasing acute awareness in relation
to the interactions of heart rate with conditioned responses, can heart rates really be altered through

Essay about Statistics 201 Final Project
Final Project: Nyke Shoe Company
Barbara Greczyn
STA 201 – Principles of Statistics
Instructor Alok Dihtal
April 26, 2015
Introduction Nyke Shoe Company has been in business for over 50 years. Over the last five years,
the company has been undergoing some financial hardship due to an erratic market and an inability
to understand what the consumer actually needs. In a last ditch effort to avoid bankruptcy, they have
adopted a new business model which entails the development of only one shoe size. In order to
achieve this goal, statistical data must be utilized and applied to make the best choice. The data used
will be explained to the fullest and a conclusion will be then obtained.
Methodology
A sample ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The null hypothesis was that the female and male shoe sizes have an equal mean while the
alternative hypothesis was that female and male shoe sizes do not have an equal mean. With the
degrees of freedom being 33, the t–statistic is –8.27. The probability that –8.27 is ≤–1.69 is 7.5×10–
10 for the one–tailed test. Also, the probability that –8.27 is ≤ ±2.03. is 1.5×10–9 for the two–tailed
test. Due to both probabilities being under the alpha value of 0.05, the null hypothesis is rejected,
and the alternative hypothesis is accepted at the 95% confidence level.
Assuming unequal variances, the two sampled t–Test was applied on the data sets of female and
male shoe sizes with the alpha value of 0.05. The null hypothesis was that the female and male shoe
sizes have an equal mean while the alternative hypothesis was that female and male shoe sizes do
not have an equal mean. With the degrees of freedom being 27, the t–statistic is –8.16. The
probability that –8.16 is ≤ –1.70 is 4.5×10–9 for the one–tailed test. Also, the probability that –8.16
is ≤ ±2.05. is 9.1×10–9 for the two–tailed test. Given that both probabilities are under the alpha
value of 0.05, the null hypothesis is therefore rejected, and the alternative hypothesis is accepted at
the 95% confidence level.
Discussion
After a close look at the data sets, it has been determined that there is no correlation between height
and shoe size, therefore, the height will be ignored in selecting a shoe.

Symmetry In The Eyes 7 Essay
Symmetry in the Eyes 7 used to rate either attractiveness or symmetry. In conclusion, the study was
able to provide evidence that supported the perceptual bias view.
In spite of the major amount of research done to support the evolutionary view and the perceptual
bias view, other research has shown that "facial symmetry may provide information about an
individuals' quality, which is most ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Symmetry in the Eyes 9
One group was categorized as symmetrical and the other asymmetrical. The total sum of
symmetrical participants equaled 62. The symmetrical group's gender identifications consisted of 46
females, 14 males, 1 non–conforming and 1 anonymity. Symmetrical sexual orientation figurations
consisted of 48 heterosexuals, 3 homosexuals, 10 bi–sexuals, and 1 anonymity. Symmetrical
ethnicity structures consisted of 44 Caucasians, 6 African–Americans, 8 Hispanics and/or Latinos, 1
Asian and/or Pacific–Islander, 2 Native Americans and/or American Indians, and 1 Other. The mean
age of participants in the symmetrical group was 23.55 with a standard deviation of 3.6. The total
sum of asymmetrical participants equaled 73. The asymmetrical group's gender identifications
consisted of 60 females, 12 males, and 1 non–conforming. Asymmetrical sexual orientation
figurations consisted of 56 heterosexuals, 4 homosexuals, 11 bi–sexuals, and 2 other. Asymmetrical
ethnicity structures consisted of 52 Caucasians, 7 African–Americans, 5 Hispanics and/or Latinos, 2
Asians and/or Pacific Islanders, 6 Other, and 1 anonymity. The mean age of participants in the
asymmetrical group was 24.12 with a standard deviation of 3.5. All participants were treated in
accordance with the

Questions On Analyzing Quantitative Data
Assignment Three: Analyzing Quantitative Data
List of Figures
Figure 1 Frequency per rank for the top 100 words 3
Figure 2 A histogram showing the distribution of token size across the "Doctored Dataset" Corpus 7
Figure 3 A boxplot showing the distribution of token size across the "Doctored Dataset" Corpus 7
Figure 4 A Q–Q plot of the distribution of token size across the "Doctored Dataset" Corpus 8
Figure 5 A boxplot showing the median length of research articles in each disciplinary domain 8
Figure 6 A boxplot showing the descriptive statistics in five academic domains 11
Figure 7 A scatter plot showing the correlation between the numbers of tokens and types across the
five domains 12
List of Tables
Table 1 Descriptive ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This simply means that the majority of words occur only a few times. Another evidence of this
conclusion is the median frequency which is 2.00.
Question 3 Figure 1 Frequency per rank for the top 100 words
Figure 1 is a line graph that shows the correlation between the frequency (y) and the rank (x) of the
top 100 most frequent words in the pre–mentioned academic corpus. As in Zipf's Law, the frequency
of a word in a corpus of natural language is inversely proportional to its rank in the frequency table.
That is, the most frequent word occurs approximately twice as often as the second most frequent
word, three times as often as the third most frequent word, etc.
Question 5
The table below shows a Chi–square test of the use of the word 'lovely' in both COCA: spoken and
BYU–BNC: spoken corpora Lovely All other words Total words
COCA: spoken 1836 90063928 90 065 764
BYU–BNC: spoken 2397 9961266 9 963 663
Total 4233 100025194 100029427
Table 2 The use of

Varariegated Plants
The purpose of this study was to test the production of CO2 in Variegated plants compared to non
variegated plants using leaves from the plant Aegopodium Podagraria. The hypothesis states that if
the leaf is mostly white, then it will have lower rates of photosynthesis than the leaves with more
green coloring. CO2 sensors were utilized in order to measure the production of CO2 of the
variegated and non variegated leaves. The data, which was calculated by a two sample t test
assuming equal variances, backed the hypothesis. It is concluded that leaves with less variegation
will have higher photosynthetic rates than more variegated leaves. The purpose of this study was to
test if the white discoloration, which is called variegation, on ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
It is oftentimes used in salad and soups (L. , 2003). Methods: Using the CO2 sensor to measure the
rate of CO2 intake and the LabQuest data logger, the ability to photosynthesize among variating leaf
colors was tested. Aegopodium Podagraria leaves were collected, three with more than 50 percent
white coloring (experimental group) and three with less than 50 percent white coloring (mostly
green, control group). Three mostly green leaves were first to be tested with the CO2 sensor and
paired with data logger for ten minutes. After this was done, the same procedures were done with
the remaining three leaves that are mostly white. This resulted in three different trials, each using
three different leaves. The experiment took no longer than 70 minutes to conduct. The independent
variable was the variegation of the leaves, while the dependent variable was the GPP. The GPP
measures the total amount of energy generated by the leaves in ppm/minute. A two sample t–test
assuming equal variances was performed on the data to show the results of variation between two
sample groups. Results: Figure 1 shows the data that indicated our hypothesis is proven. Variegated
leaves are shown to be more photosynthetically inefficient, by producing more CO2 than variegated
leaves in the light. This data was produced by a two sample t test assuming equal variances, the test
showed non variegated leaves had much higher CO2 levels than the non

Production of Edible Mushroom
Production of Edible Mushroom Volvariella Volvacea Using Rice Hull and Dried Water Hyacinth
Leaves
A Thesis Proposal
Presented to the Faculty and Staff of
Honorato C. Perez Sr. Memorial Science High School
Mabini Ext. Cabanatuan City
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Subject
Research
By:
Dela Cruz, Monica Joy T.
Tome, Meggie B.
Wong, Vianca Camille P.
THE PROBLEM AND IT'S BACKGROUND
INTRODUCTION
Mushroom is the popular name for any of the larger fleshy fungi, mostly of the class
Basidiomycetes. A mushroom is not a complete fungus plant instead; it is for spore producing
fruiting body that develops from an extensive mass of fine threads present in the ground or the
substrate on which the fungus grows. Most ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If the outcome of the study proves to be successful, it will provide people with additional source of
food using waste product.
To The Researchers: It helps the researchers to progress, utilize their skills and knowledge regarding
the study. To The Community: As a member of the society, this study aims to produce additional
source of nutritious food to the community. To The Environment: To use by–products like rice hull
and dried water hyacinth leaves in producing edible mushroom without harming the environment.
There are lots of sources of it everywhere. To The Future Researchers: To enhance the study more
for them to find another alternative substrate in which they will try to produce the same, even a
different type of mushroom.
SCOPES AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY The study entitled "Production of Edible

Mushroom Volvariella Volvacea Using Rice Hull and Dried Water Hyacinth Leaves" will be
executed at Bicos Rizal, Nueva Ecija by a group of students from Honorato C. Perez Sr. Memorial
Science High School.. This study primarily deals with the use of rice hull and dried water hyacinth
leaves as a bed in where the mushrooms will grow.
This study is limited to the possibility of producing edible mushrooms specifically Volvariella
Volvaceae using rice hull and dried water hyacinth leaves.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Mushrooms are of the fungi family

Visual Illusions Are A Phenomena That Arise From...
Visual illusions are a phenomena that arise from misperception of the observed object's properties.
Visual illusions allow us to study the difference between the objective reality and our interpretation
of the perceived visual stimuli or the way our brains process visual information, in order to develop
a general understanding of our visual system (Carrasco, 1986); In spite of the relevance of this issue,
general concensus is yet to be reached on the origin of such phenomena
One representation is the Muller–Lyer (1889) Illusion (MLI), a geometric size illusion classically
represented by modified perception of the length of a line, influenced by arrowheads or arrowtails
on its endpoints (Zeman et al, 2014). The MLI has been widely used attempting to explain the
underlying mechanism behind geometrical illusions; Gregory (1966) attributed the illusion to the
'misapplied size constancy scaling'influenced by depth cues; Carrasco (1986), argued that visual
channels are orientation and spatial–frequency specific after presenting the MLI to eight participants
and observing a reduction on the illusion after exposure to a low spatial frequency grid. Although
evidence questioning this claim has been presented in many studies (Carlson, Moeller, & Anderson,
1984) (García–Garibay & De Lafuente, 2015) (Zeman et al, 2014) (Zeman A. , Obst, Brooks, &
Rich, 2013) where the illusion persists in images absent of low spatial frequencies and has been
assessed with the latest technology.
The

stroop effect
University Of Essex
Department of Psychology
Research Methods in Psychology (PS114)
Laboratory Report
A study to test the extent to which the Horse Race Model is the reason for the Stroop effect
1202353
Date: 21/03/12
Word Count: 1950
A study to test the extent to which the Horse Race Model is the reason for the Stroop effect
Abstract
This study looked at the Horse Race Model and whether it is the main reason for the presence of the
Stroop effect. This study was conducted to test if the Horse Race Model is a valid reason for the
Stroop effect as there has been some conflict in past research it seemed another study was needed.
For this study participants were presentation with a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This interference and facilitation, if the HRM is correct will be significantly reduced when there is a
delay because naming the colour would have had a head start and slowed down the reading process.
Methods
Participants
There was a total of 159 participants used for this in this study. They were recruited as a sample
group in the University of Essex.
Apparatus
An Apple Imac was used, this had a screen resolution of 1920x1200 pixels. On a 24" screen. Using
SuperCard version 4.7 software.
Materials

The participants were presented with stimuli of two components which was displayed to them on
screen. One stimuli was the coloured rectangular patch (3.5x5.5cm). This patch was presented in a
variety of difference colours; yellow, red, green and blue. The other stimuli that was presented to the
participants was a word, which either matched up to one of the four colours, however could have
been in–congruent or congruent or a natural, control 'word ' being XXXXX. As well being presented
with the patch, the words would also appear, in size 24, in the centre of the patch. There were four
conditions for when the word appeared; 0ms (simultaneously), 100ms, 200ms or 350ms.
The participants were also presented with the four colour in 4 separate answer/response squares:
ranging in sizes. Once the participant had selected which colour they were presented with

Research Skills Assignment
International Marketing
The impact of culture on the quality perception of Private Labels, and the moderation effect of price
promotion
Table of Contents 1. Problem analysis 4 1.1 Current situation 4 1.2 Problem statement and research
question 4 1.3 Theoretical background 5 2. Research 6 2.1 Research design 6 2.2 Data analysis and
results 7 3. Conclusions, managerial implications, and limitations 10 4. References 12 5. Appendix
15 Appendix 1: Definitions 15 Appendix 2: Questionnaire 16 Appendix 3: Sample characteristics 20
Appendix 4: Normality and Homogeneity 24 Appendix 5: Cronbach's Alpha analysis 25 Appendix
6: Bivariate correlation matrix of constructs 25 Appendix 7: Independent sample t–test ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The research question that will be investigated is: "To what extent does price promotion moderate
the relationship between culture and quality perception of private labels?" 1.3 Theoretical
background
De Mooij and Hofstede (2002) define culture by eight dimensions. Asian cultures are associated
with higher levels of uncertainty avoidance (UA) (see Appendix 1) compared to individualistic
cultures, therefore these Asian cultures are more attracted to products with a lower risk (Moss
& Vinten, 2001; Samli, 1995; Shannon, 2005). Furthermore, there is a strong belief that Asian
consumers have a strong preference for NBs over PLs (Ahuvia & Wong, 1998; Brady et al.,
2003; De Mooij & Hofstede, 2002). According to Batra and Sinha (2000) consumers who relate
higher prices with higher quality are less attracted by PLs. According to De Mooij and Hofstede
(2002) PLs are more frequent in individualistic cultures such as the Netherlands, than collectivist
cultures such as in China. They presented two specific reasons for collectivist (Asian) nations to
choose NBs over PLs, namely that NBs lead to more status, and the preference for long–term
relationships and so for well–known NBs. Therefore, collectivistic cultures are more risk averse and
tend to value brand names. They also value the perceived link between price and quality, which
negatively affects the image of PLs in such countries. On the other hand, individualistic cultures are
supposed

Student 's Performance As Cause Effect Phenomen A...
Student's Performance as Cause–Effect Phenomena: A Multilevel Approach
Introduction:
Education plays a vital role in the human and country development at all stages. There are key
determinants that affect the education level which ultimately translate into human and country 's
development. Quality education ensures the achievement of knowledge and required skills that
enable individuals to enhance the productivity and improve their living standard and access to basic
needs. This increase in productivity further translate towards new sources of earning which also
further enhances the economic growth of a country (Saxton, 2000). Student performance is a key
component of quality education that result in better outputs in the long run. Student intellectual
performance measurement has received substantial consideration in previous research literature, it is
a challenging aspects of academic literature. Student performance are affected by many factors
including social, mental, economic, environmental and personal factors. These factors strongly
influence on the student intellectual performance, but these factors vary from person to person and
country to country.
During the last decade in Pakistan, the enrollment at primary, secondary and higher level has been
increased substantially. Literacy for all (LFA) is a project initiated by government of Pakistan in
2005 which encourage the overage people to engage in getting primary education. Similarly, some
other

The Idea Of Maintenance Rehearsal
Abstract
Craik & Lockhart (1972) suggested levels of Processing Theory, which specified that stimulus
inputs experience consecutive processing operations. A study was conducted using two groups with
different rehearsal techniques and each were then asked to recall from a list of words that had been
read out as precisely as possible. There has been considerable criticism of this theory however as
Baddeley questioned, 'Is the levels approach based on false assumptions'. The idea of maintenance
rehearsal is one that many people are still uncertain of. Psychologists such as Atkinson and Shiffrin
have also made assumptions on memory based on maintenance rehearsal yet whether this is a false
concept is yet to be discovered.
Introduction
Craik and Lockhart (1972) suggested that memory is just a product of the complexity of handling
data and there is no clear variance between short term memory and long term memory. This theory
then resulted in different theories being brought forward in order to prove this statement correct or
incorrect. Craik and Lockhart then suggested the concept of shallow processing. This style of
processing usually takes one of two forms: Phonemic processing, which is encoded by sound or
structural processing which is encoded visually. Shallow processing only encompasses maintenance
rehearsal and leads to fairly short–term holding of information. They also suggested the idea of
'deep processing' which primarily involves semantic processing. Deep processing

Technology Enhanced Simulation Training With Debriefing
BACKGROUND: Innovations within the healthcare industry related to scientific and technical
advancements often lead to changes in healthcare delivery. To cope with these changes, it is
necessary to prepare and train healthcare workers to improve employees ' knowledge and the quality
of care. Limited clinical experience with the mechanical ventilation approach, like high frequency
oscillatory ventilation (HFOV), makes its implementation difficult in the real critical care world.
The authors investigated the effectiveness of technology–enhanced simulation with debriefing in
improving participants' confidence level, cognitive knowledge and psychomotor skills in using
SensorMedics 3100B high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) in adult patients. METHODS:
This is a quasi–experimental research design with pre and post–tests. The educational strategy
involved technology–enhanced simulation training with debriefing. The population included critical
care respiratory therapists, residents, fellows and attending physicians at Rush University Medical
Center. RESULT: Twenty six participants were included for data analysis; 12 respiratory therapists
and 14 critical care physicians. There were almost an equal number of females (53.8%) and males
(46.2%). The improvement was statistically significant in cognitive knowledge test score with p
value < .05; t (25) = 3.91. The mean for post–psychomotor skills test score was 3.15 (SD = .88) and
the mean for pre–test total score was 2.35 (SD=

Essay On False Memory
False Memories are fundamentally, unintended human errors, which results in people having
memories of events and situations that did not actually occur. It's worth noting that in humans there
are both true and false memories, these false memories occur when a mental experience is
incorrectly taken to be a representation of a past event. For example, when people are asked to
describe something that happened at a particular time, people rarely deliver accurate answers. Based
on research, in eyewitness testimony, the confidence people show while recalling a memory is not
an accurate representation of the truth. In simpler terms, is that when people tried to recall who the
murder was, they did not actually point to the right one, people ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The materials used for the experiment was a website called Coglab: The online cognition lab. The
scores were conducted simply by using the website and doing the "False Memory" lab and a
computer. Participants were asked to read the instructions in the Coglab website.
Procedure
The experiment consisted of 6 trials that contained words such as: sleep, bed, tired etc. The
participants were asked to look at the rectangle on the screen before starting the trials. In the first
trial, the participants were asked to press the "start trial" button because a fixation dot would appear
in the middle of the screen. The participants were asked to stare at the computer until a sequence of
words appeared, with each word was presented for one second. After a full sequence was presented,
a set of buttons were shown, each labeled with a word. Some the words were on the list, and some
were not. The participant's task was to click or tap on the buttons to indicate which words were in
the sequence. The sequence of words consisted of the actual words shown or related or unrelated
words. For example, some trials consisted of all sleep related content to see if the participant would
select items that were related or select items that were not in the sequence. After identifying the
words that were shown in the sequence, they would receive feedback on the accuracy of their
memory. After the participants were done

A Research Study On Using Sona And Word Of Mouth
Methods Participants 32 participants recruited via SONA and word of mouth. For some of the
participants was paid £15 or print credits corresponding to the current SONA recommendation for a
2–hour and some of the accepted to take part voluntarily to ERP experiment. 12 females and 20
males took part in an experiment and 29 of them were right–handed and others 4 were left handed.
The ages of participants were ranged from 18 to 30 (mean=19.72). One female and one male's data
discarded from the final analysis because of the symmetrical topographies which prevented to
determine EEG artifact and unexpected problem data could not segment. The informed consent (see
appendix .) is signed and the Edinburgh handiness questionnaire form was filled to determine which
hand they use before beginning the experiment and the debriefing form (see appendix .) was signed
after the experiment ends which were given approval by the Psychology Ethics and Research
Committee (see appendix .). If there is also a case where they are uncomfortable, they could
terminate the experiment at any time. Stimuli The colorful brand logos (15*15cm) were shown on a
computer screen with the black background or listened to participants. The design of the experiment
can be seen from Table 1.There were 264 stimuli and half of those were about food and drink
brands. The practical part included eight brand logos and half of those were food and drink and then
10 pictures used for distracter task and five of them were

Qualitative Study Summary
The focus of chapter four will center on the findings of a longitudinal study that determined the
long–term impact on student outcomes of students who are successfully exited from early literacy
programs. For purposes of this study, up to five years of data from five cohorts of grade–two
students from a suburban school district in Connecticut who participated in an early literacy
program will be employed. This data will then be compared to grade level data points from state and
district reading assessments. This study seeks to determine if these students can sustain the ability to
read at or above grade level as they progress through school. Further, those students in the cohort
who were near grade level reading benchmarks and did not receive any additional interventions
beyond grade two will also be evaluated to determine if this early literacy program provided the
essential foundation from which students could continue to progress. The school used in this study
provides educational programming for approximately 350 students in kindergarten through grade
two. The school follows a trimester ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Any kindergarten students scoring 60 percent or below on the PAST will receive reading
intervention support. Exit criteria during trimester two or three is a score of 85 percent or higher on
the Phonological Awareness Skills Test. The last area of support provided for kindergarten students
is in the area of guided reading strategies. During trimester two, all students are evaluated using the
Developmental Reading Assessment 2 (DRA2). All students who perform below grade level on the
DRA2 will receive reading intervention. The DRA2 is administered three times a year during the
months of September, February and May. If a student meets the appropriate benchmark during one
of these assessment periods, they are then exited from the

Task Switching Essay
Running Head: Time Cost, Task–Switching, Repeating Tasks
Task Switching Cost's Time
Brooklyn College City University of New York
Abstract
A replication of Task Switching Monsell 2003 experiment was done, which predicts a time cost
when switching tasks. 18 participants had to complete 100 randomized trials, switching between
task–repeat and task–switching trials. Reaction Times (RT) were recorded and reflected by
experimenters, to determine that there is a time cost involved when switching tasks as opposed to
repeating the same task.
Task–Switching Costs Time
Many people take pride in the fact that they can multitask. A study "Task Switching" conducted by
Monsell concluded that multitasking, or switching ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When switching between tasks our brain goes between two different programs one for example for
counting and one for reading, therefore costing us time to switch between these two tasks. In this
experiment we tried to replicate the Monsell 2003 Task Switching experiment. 18 Participants took a
brief task–switching test via program Revolution Maker©. Each trial was randomly assigned. The
participants were presented with numbers one through nine and on each trial had to react to the
number, to identify either its odd or even or if the magnitude was either less than 5 or more than 5.
We hypothesis that when individuals are engaged in a cognitive task there is a time cost that occurs
when asked to switch between tasks as opposed to repeating tasks.
Methods
Participants:
18 undergraduate students from Brooklyn College participated in this study.
Materials:

A task switching experiment designed on the computer program Revolution Maker©
Procedure:
Participants were led to an isolated lab room were they participated in a task–switching experiment.
They were involved in 2 tasks a magnitude test and an odd even task. There was 100 randomly
assigned trials 50% task–switch and 50% task–repeat that were completed by the participants. There
were different type keys presented to the participants such as: z for an odd number, x for an even
number, m for a number (>) than 5,

The Online Survey Generator Qualtrics
Participants Participants were college students from various locations and universities recruited via
an online invitation to participate in the study. The study was advertised on Facebook and was
posted to numerous groups and pages pertaining to college students. 9 participants were male and 15
participants were female. 0 participants were in their first year of college, 5 participants were in their
second year of college, 10 participants were in their third year of college, 5 participants were in their
fourth year of college, and 3 participants were in their fifth year or more of college. Participants
were predominately Liberal Arts students. Participants were predominately from Austin, TX.
Materials
The online survey generator Qualtrics was utilized to design and distribute the survey. The survey
contained several demographic questions including gender, area of study, year of college, and age.
An adapted short term version based off of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) (Cohen, Kamarck, &
Mermelstein, 1983) was developed to measure short term perceived stress. The adapted version of
the PSS used can be found in Appendix C. The Gratitude Adjectives Checklist (GAC) (Mccullough,
Emmons, & Tsang, 2002) was used to measure state gratitude. The GAC can be found in Appendix
D.
Gratitude was operationalized by informing participants they would be assigned to one of two
conditions where one condition was less desirable than the other and giving the participants the
more

The Blood Sucking Behavior Of Hirudo
The Blood Sucking Behavior of Hirudo Miguel Soto Professor Folkerts Pepperdine University 23
April 2014 Abstract Hirudo are well known for their blood sucking, fluid feeding behavior. The
purpose of this experiment was to get a better understanding of Hirudo's blood feeding behavior;
more specifically, the study was designed to answer the question: how do different volumes of blood
affect Hirudo's thirst? By soaking a sponge with different volumes of cow blood and measuring the
time it took for the Hirudo to attach to the blood soaked sponge, the experiment yielded results that
help explain whether or not there was a connection between the amount of blood available to Hirudo
for feeding and the time it takes Hirudo to attach to the blood ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The Blood Sucking Behavior of Hirudo Hirudo, more commonly known as leeches, are interesting
creatures with a very distinctive feeding behavior. In society, they are primarily known as "blood
suckers," but not much else is known about their feeding behavior. In nature, Hirudo utilizes its
abilities to detect and feed on blood for efficient uses of energy (Sawyer, 1986). These unique
behaviors caught my interest and made me question them. This eventually led to the question: how
do different volumes of blood affect Hirudo's thirst? Hirudo are segmented worms that can grow up
to 20cm. long when fully mature and range from green to brown in color. Hirudo have two suckers,
one on each end called the anterior and posterior. They are predacious animals and mostly fluid
feeders. Some are true blood suckers, attaching themselves to a host during feeding periods. They
feed mostly on turtles, fishes, dolphins, and other mammals (Elliot, 1986). Hirudo live in many
different places all over the world. Their habitats even stretch across Europe and Asia. The most
preferred habitat for this species is muddy freshwater and ditches with a lot of weeds (i.e. lakes,
ponds, streams, and marshes). Hirudo prefer water that is eutrophic, meaning it is high in nutrients
(Fields, 1991). In various countries around the world, Hirudo are used for medical purposes.
Leeches have been used for treatment for illnesses such as "benign tumors,

Time to Practice Week 3
University of Phoenix Material Time to Practice – Week Four Complete Parts A, B, and C below.
Part A Some questions in Part A require that you access data from Statistics for People Who (Think
They) Hate Statistics. This data is available on the student website under the Student Text Resources
link. 1. Using the data in the file named Ch. 11 Data Set 2, test the research hypothesis at the .05
level of significance that boys raise their hands in class more often than girls. Do this practice
problem by hand using a calculator. What is your conclusion regarding the research hypothesis?
Remember to first decide whether this is a one– or two–tailed test. The conclusion reached is that
this is a two tailed test showing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
| |Pair 1 |Before & After |20 |.193 |.415 | |Paired Samples Test | | |Paired Differences | |9 |4 | |3 |7 | |1 |6
| |6 |8 | |5 |7 | |7 |7 | |8 |8 | |3 |6 | |10 |7 | |3 |8 | |5 |9 | |2 |8 | |9 |7 | |6 |3 | |2 |6 | |5 |7 | |8 |6 | |1 |5 | |6 |5 |

Annie 2014 Quiz
2014 Quiz
Name: Annie
1.2.10. Open the BEQ.Swear.sav file. The data come from a very large–scale study on bilinguals
conducted by Jean–Marc Dewaele and Aneta Pavlenko (2001–2003). The column AGESEC refers to
the age of acquisition of a second language. First, move the column so it is the first column in the
Data Editor. Filter out any participants who learned their second language at age zero. Count how
many participants are left by going to ANALYZE > DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS >
DESCRIPTIVES. Move the AGESEC variable to the right and press OK.
Answer: After filtering out the participants who learned their second language at age zero, there are
868 participants.
敘述統計
個數
最小值
最大值
平均數
標準差 agesec 868
1
43
9.95
5.533
有效的 N (完全排除)
868 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Dewaele and Pavlenko Bilingual Emotions Questionnaire (2001–2003). Use BEQ.Swear.sav file.
What correlation was found between the age that bilinguals started learning their L2 (AGESEC) and
their own self–ratings of proficiency in speaking (L2SPEAK) and comprehending their L2
(L2_COMP)? In other words, look at three different correlations. First, check for assumptions for
parametric correlations. Do you note any outliers? Note which combinations do not seem to satisfy
parametric assumptions. Then go ahead and check the correlations between these variables,
checking both Pearson's and Spearman's boxes if assumptions for Pearson's are violated. What are
the effect sizes of the correlations?

Answer:
There's correlation between AGESEC and L2SPEAK (r=–.198, p<.01). There's correlation between
AGESEC and L2_comp (r=–.201, p<.01). There's correlation between L2_COMP and
L2SPEAK(r=.851, p<.01).
相關
agesec l2speak l2_comp agesec Pearson 相關
1
–.198**
–.201**
顯著性 (雙尾)
.000
.000
個數
1022
1014
1013
l2speak
Pearson 相關
–.198**
1
.851**
顯著性 (雙尾)
.000
.000
個數
1014
1018
1017
l2_comp
Pearson 相關
–.201**
.851**
1
顯著性 (雙尾)
.000

.000
個數
1013
1017
1017
**. 在顯著水準為0.01時 (雙尾)，相關顯著。
9.2.4. Use the DeKeyser (2000) data (DeKeyser2000.sav). Look at the distribution of the GJT score
variable split by DeKeyser's age groups (under 15 and over

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