Osi model in networking
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The document summarizes the seven layers of the OSI model from top to bottom. It describes each layer's main responsibilities and concerns. The seven layers are: Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link, and Physical. The Physical Layer is responsible for moving data bits across a transmission medium. The Data Link Layer is responsible for moving frames between nodes and handles framing, addressing, error control, and flow control. The Network Layer is responsible for packet delivery from source to destination and handles addressing, routing, and interfacing with data link.
Osi model in networking
- 2. 2 Introduction ● Open Systems Interconnection Basic Reference Model (OSI Reference Model or OSI Model) is an abstract description for layered communications and computer network protocol design. It was developed as part of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) initiative. In its most basic form, it divides network architecture into seven layers which, from top to bottom, are the Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data- Link, and Physical Layers. It is therefore often referred to as the OSI Seven Layer Model.
- 3. 3 APPLICATION APPLICATION PRESENTATION PRESENTATION SESSION SESSION TRANSPORT TRANSPORT NETWORK NETWORK DATA LINK DATA LINK PHYSICAL PHYSICAL APPLICATION APPLICATION PRESENTATION PRESENTATION SESSION SESSION TRANSPORT TRANSPORT NETWORK NETWORK DATA LINK DATA LINK PHYSICAL PHYSICAL MIDDLE LAYER MIDDLE LAYER HIGHER LAYER HIGHER LAYER Application to Application Application to Application Application to Application Process to Process LOWER LAYER LOWER LAYER Hop to Hop Switch Hop to Hop Physical Medium Hub and Repeater Router Source to Destination Source to Destination OSI Model's 7 LayersOSI Model's 7 Layers
- 4. 4 Host and Media LayerHost and Media Layer
- 5. 5 TCP/IP SuitOSI Layers Application Telnet, FTP, SMTP, HTTP, DNS, SNMP, Specific address etc… Session Presentation Transport SCTP, TCP, UDP, Sockets and Ports address Network IP, ARP/RARP, ICMP, IGMP, Logical address Data Link IEEE 802 Standards, TR, FDDI, PPP, Physical address Application Session Presentation Transport Network Data Link Activities To allow access to network resources To establish, manage, and terminate session To Translate, encrypt, and compress data To Provide reliable process-to-process Message delivery and error recovery To move packets from source to destination; to provide internetworking To organize bits into frames; to provide Hop-to-hop delivery Data, Protocol & ActivitiesData, Protocol & Activities Physical Medium, Coax, Fiber, 10base, Wireless Physical To Transmit bits over a medium; to provide Mechanical and electrical specifications
- 6. 6 Physical Layer ● One of the major function of the physical layer is to move data in the form of electromagnetic signals across a transmission medium. ● Its responsible for movements of individual bits from one hop (Node) to next. ● Both data and the signals can be either analog or digital. ● Transmission media work by conducting energy along a physical path which can be wired or wireless ● Concerned: ● Physical characteristics of interface and medium (Transmission medium) ● Representation of bits (stream of bits (0s or 1s) with no interpretation and encoded into signals) ● Data rate (duration of a bit, which is how long it last) ● Synchronization of bits (sender and receivers clock must be synchronized) ● Line configuration (Point-to-Point, Point-to-Multipoint) ● Physical topology ● Transmission mode (Simplex, half duplex, full duplex) 10101000000010111110 From data link layer 10101000000010111110 To data link layer Physical layer Physical layer Transmission medium
- 7. 7 Data Link Layer (Host to Host) ● Data link layer is responsible for moving frames from one hop (Node) to the next. ● Concerned: ● Framing (stream of bits into manageable data units) ● Physical addressing (MAC Address) ● Flow Control (mechanism for overwhelming the receiver) ● Error Control (trailer, retransmission) ● Access Control (defining master device in the same link) DataH2 T2 From network layer DataH2 T2 To network layer To physical layer From physical layer Data link layer Data link layer
- 8. 8 Network Layer (Source to Destination) ● The network layer is responsible for the delivery of individual packets from the source host to the destination host. ● Concerned: ● Logical addressing (IP Address) ● Routing (Source to destination transmission between networks) DataH3 Packet From transport layer To data link layer DataH3 Packet To transport layer From data link layer Network layer Network layer
- 9. 9 Transport Layer (Process to Process) ● The transport layer is responsible for the delivery of a message from one process to another ● Concerned: ● Service-point addressing (Port address) ● Segmentation and reassembly (Sequence number) ● Connection control (Connectionless or connection oriented) ● Flow control (end to end) ● Error Control (Process to Process) SegmentsSegments DataH4 From session layer To network layer Transport layer DataH4 DataH4 SegmentsSegments DataH4 From session layer From network layer Transport layerDataH4 DataH4
- 10. 10 Session Layer (Dialog initiation) ● The session layer is responsible for dialog control and synchronization ● Concerned: ● Dialog Control (Half Duplex/Full duplex) ● Synchronization (Synchronization points, process inline within same page) DataH5 From Presentation layer To transport layer Data Data Syn Syn Syn DataH5 To Presentation layer From transport layer Data Data Syn Syn Syn Session layer Session layer
- 11. 11 Presentation Layer (dependency) ● The presentation layer is responsible for translation, compression and encryption ● Concerned: ● Translation (interoperability between different encoding system) ● Encryption (Privacy schemes) ● Compression (data compression) DataH6 From application layer To session layer DataH6 To application layer From session layer presentation layer presentation layer
- 12. 12 DataH7 USER (Human or Program) To presentation layer DataH7 Application layer Application layer Message Message Application Layer (user level service) ● The application layer is responsible for providing services to the user. ● Concerned: ● Network virtual terminal (Software) ● File transfer, access and management ● Mail services ● Directory services (access to distributed database sources for global information about various objects and services) X.500 FTAM X.400 X.500 FTAM X.400 From presentation layer USER (Human or Program)
- 13. 13 Thank You