Over view of disabilities
Download as ODP, PDF1 like305 views
This document provides an overview of disabilities including definitions, classifications, history, causes and society's role. It defines disability as an interaction between a person's body and their environment according to the WHO. Disability exists on a continuum from mild to severe. The history discusses developments from ancient prosthetics to modern inclusion movements. Causes include genetic, medical and societal factors. Major forms of disability recognized are physical, intellectual, sensory and developmental. The document emphasizes that society often stigmatizes those with disabilities through segregation, shame and viewing them as burdens.
Over view of disabilities
- 1. Disabilities......An over view. Dr Saim Ali Soomro Deputy Director. I. Definition II. History III. Classification VI. Etiology. V. Society as a cause of disability
- 2. P o p u la t io n & D is a b ilit y E s t im a t e s W H O W o r ld w iid e F ig u r e o f P W D s = 1 0 % o f P o p u la tio n ( U N IC E F & U N E S C O F ig u r e u p to 1 7 % ) L a h o re P a k is t a n T o ta l p o p u la tio n L ah ore 7 0 la c s ( 7 m illio n ) P a k is ta n 1 6 c r o re s ( 1 6 0 m illio n ) R a t io o f c h ild r e n o f s c h o o l g o in g 2 1 la c s ( 2 .1 m illio n ) 4 .8 c r o r e s ( 4 8 m illio n ) a g e ( 4 - 1 5 y e a rs ) , 3 0 % o f to ta l p o p u la tio n P W D s : 1 0 % o f to ta l p o p u la tio n 7 la c s ( 0 .7 m illio n ) 1 .6 c r o r e s ( 1 6 m illio n ) C h ild r e n o f s c h o o l g o in g a g e w ith 2 .1 la c s ( 0 .2 1 m illio n ) 4 8 la c s ( 4 .8 m illio n ) d is a b ilit ie s : O n ly 4 % o f c h ild r e n w it h d is a b ilit y g o in g t o s p e c ia l e d u c a t io n s c h o o ls / c e n t r e s . W hatabout 96% ? T h e s o lu t io n is : IN C L U S IV E E D U C A T IO N . S p e c ia l E d u c a t io n P o lic y o f G o v t . o f P a k is t a n : T o t a l In c lu s iv e E d u c a t io n in a ll m a in s tr e a m s c h o o ls b y e a r 2 0 2 5 W H O : W o r ld H e a lt h O r g a n iz a t io n P W D : P e o p l e w it h D i s a b il i t ie s
- 3. ➲ WHO” covers impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions. An impairment is a problem in body function or structure; an activity limitation is a difficulty encountered by an individual in executing a task or action; while a participation restriction is a problem experienced by an individual in involvement in life situations. Thus disability is a complex phenomenon, reflecting an interaction between features of a person’s body and features of the society in which he or she lives."
- 4. Definition (pope & Tarlov) ➲ A disability is "the expression of a physical or mental limitation in a social context - the gap between a person's capabilities and the demands of the environment." . ➲ Disability is not a single condition but a continuum which stretches from mild to severe and profound. According to the American Committee on a National Agenda for the Prevention of Disabilities (Pope & Tarlov, 1991), this continuum starts with a pathology. This professionally diagnosed condition may weaken or damage the patient's structures or functions, and result in an impairment. If this impairment limits a person's ability to perform a normal activity, there is a functional limitation. A functional limitation, combined with a community situation that restricts the person's ability to live a normal life,. ➲ According to Pope (1992), "disability in this model, then, corresponds to what has often been referred to as handicap. however, when used, it is considered to be synonymous with "disability".
- 5. History: ➲ First prosthesis was to warrior queen 2500 BC...(Rag ved). ➲ Blind Sahaba (Abdullah ibn Umm Maktum was a cousin of Khadijah bint Khuwaylid. ) ➲ 1400Ad church describes disabled, crippled , idiots,imbeciles. ➲ 1500Ad: they are out cast in society, Mental asylums in Paris. ➲ 1700 : Stephan Hopkins ➲ 1784: school for blind in Paris. ➲ 1800—1805: first Medical classification of Mental disorders. text for documentation & RX. Dr Benjamin Rush (F/o modern Am.Psychiatry). ➲ 1809: Birth of Louise Braille invented braille in 1824... ➲
- 6. Development up to present: WWI & WWII brought lot of changes due to war verterns. Reverend Thomas Hopkins Gallaude in 1817, started first school of deaf & Mute in Connecticut..its university for HI..now! Racial & Civil rights movements, UNO and other Human rights bodies has developed many models & equality campaigns since than. 1983-1992 decade of disability. From decades ,years to Inclusion now..its a long way to equality. In c lu s io n In c lu s io n • T h e t im e t o e n d s e g r e g a t io n is N O W . W h a t is in c lu s io n ? • A ll p e o p le d e s e r v e t o b e v a lu e d a s • “ In c lu s io n ” m e a n s a ll in d iv id u a ls – w it h a n d c o n tr ib u tin g c o m m u n it y m e m b e r s . w ith o u t d is a b ilitie s – liv e , le a r n , w o r k , p la y a n d p a r tic ip a t e t o g e t h e r in a ll life e x p e r ie n c e s . N O W is t h e tim e f o r in c lu s io n . • S u p p o r ts a r e p r o v id e d to m e e t in d iv id u a l n e e d s , a n d e v e r y o n e is a c c e p t e d a n d r e g a r d e d a s a v a lu e d m e m b e r o f s o c ie ty . F lo r id a D e v e lo p m e n ta l D is a b ilitie s C o u n c il F lo r id a D e v e lo p m e n ta l D is a b ilitie s C o u n c il
- 7. A C iv il R ig h ts M o v e m e n t • D is a b ilit y R ig h t s M o v e m e n t ( 1 9 7 0 s – t o d a y ) ➲ State the alternative strategies List S t r u g g lando consdofs eachestrategy ➲ • the pros e t e n e g r g a t io n ➲ Give a forecast of costs S o u r c e : ( a b o v e a n d r ig h t ) S m it h s o n ia n N a t io n a l M u s e u m o f A m e r ic a n H is t o r y h t t p : / / a m e r ic a n h is t o r y . s i. e d u / d is a b ilit y r ig h t s / e x h ib it _ m e n u . h t m l F lo r id a D e v e lo p m e n ta l D is a b ilitie s C o u n c il
- 8. Causes: PRE-Natal (Genetics, infections, Nutrition etc.) Natal : infection, injuries, genetic, Medication..etc. Post Natal: infections, accidents, metabolic, pre term, etc. Early & late child hood factors: Adolescence, adult hood & late adult hood disabilities Diagnosis: pre term, during pregnancy, immediately fetal period. Early detection & interventions. International & local scenario. Pakistan's Situation.
- 9. Major Forms of Disabilities Recognized Forms of Disabilities Mental Physical Visual Hearing Retardation Disability Disability Impairment Cerebral Palsy Autism Learning Disabilities
- 10. ➲ Physical disabilities
- 11. Cerebral Palsy Cerebral palsy is a static encephalopathy Encephalopathy = Brain Injury that is non-progressive disorder of posture and movement Variable aetiologies Often associated with epilepsy, speech problems, vision compromise, & cognitive dysfunction
- 13. Intellectual & Developmental disabilities:
- 14. There are also : Visual Impairment, Hearing impairment and major or minor disabilities. Age & chronic diseases causing impairments But Major stigma is our society, where disabilities are taken as curse, hidden, chained at home or thrown to mazars, peer's dargah's and made out casts. A burden of shame is on our society is where normal children are born with mutilated or under developed Genitalia..there can be termed male or female, by Genetic testing, by plastic surgery and brought up as Man or women ...not to disown by family and relatives if proper awareness is given by us. These children are on our streets as beggars, sex workers and doing unethical jobs and seen by us a out casts. Dr Saim Ali Soomro