Overview of the Dutch probation experience
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The document discusses probation in the Netherlands. It notes that the Netherlands has over 200 years of experience with probation and it is still learning. Probation is financed 98% by the Ministry of Safety and Justice. There are three probation organizations with different focuses that all use the same methodology and registration system. The document outlines the Dutch probation system's vision on mankind, alternatives to imprisonment like community service and supervision, the core tasks of probation including advice, control and community service, and risk assessment tools used in probation work.
Overview of the Dutch probation experience
- 1. PROBATION AS A PARTNER FOR A SAFER SOCIETY
- 2. DUTCH PROBATION • 200 YEARS EXPERIENCE, STILL LEARNING • NON GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATION • LEGAL FRAMEWORK: PROBATION RULE (BY-LAW 1995, UPDATED 2005) • 98% FINANCED BY THE MINISTRY OF SAFETY AND JUSTICE 13 juli 2016
- 3. DUTCH PROBATION 3 PROBATION ORGANISATIONS WITH THEIR OWN ADDITIONAL FOCUS: -GENERAL (RECLASSERING NEDERLAND, 70%) -ADDICTION CARE (SVG, 20%) -SALVATION ARMY (LDH, 10%) -SAME METHODOLOGY -SAME REGISTRATION -SHARED VISION 13 juli 2016
- 4. VISION ON MANKIND • EVERY PERSON IS PART OF SOCIETY • EVERYONE MAKES MISTAKES • EVERYONE CAN AND MUST LEARN FROM MADE MISTAKES • A CRIMINAL WILL BE HELD RESPONSABLE 13 juli 2016
- 5. IMPRISONMENT PUNISHING ALONE DOES NOT HELP: •REDUCTION EFFECT ON CRIME IS VERY LIMITED. •EXPENSIVE, DEPENDING ON HOW MUCH YOU WANT TO SPEND. •DOES THE REGIME MEET VISION ON MANKIND? •DOES THE REGIME MEET HUMAN RIGHTS? •DOES THE REGIME MEET INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS? 13 juli 2016
- 6. IMPRISONMENT IN THE NETHERLANDS • EXPENSIVE • LIMITED CONTRIBUTION TO A SAFER SOCIETY • SHORT TERM GOALS TRY TO AVOID, UNLESS THERE IS NO ALTERNATIVE 13 juli 2016
- 7. 13 juli 2016 WHERE AND WHEN POSSIBLE: KEEP THEM OUT OF PRISON THIS WILL DECREASE THE INCOMING NUMBER OF PRISONERS, RIGHT FROM THE START ALTERNATIVES
- 8. • CONDITIONAL SUSPENSION • SUSPENDED SENTENCE • CONDITIONAL RELEASE • COMMUNITY SERVICE • TRAINING • TREATMENT • SUPERVISION 13 juli 2016 ALTERNATIVES
- 9. PROBATION • OFFERS LONG TERM ALTERNATIVES • LESS EXPENSIVE • MORE EFFECTIVE 13 juli 2016
- 10. PROBATION THREE CORE TASKS: •ADVICE •CONTROL (SUPERVISION) IN COOPERATION WITH NGO’S AND NATIONAL AUTHORITIES •COMMUNITY SERVICE 13 juli 2016
- 11. PROBATION ADVICE RIGHT FROM THE START: -RIGHT FROM THE START - POLICE STATION (ASAP) -HOUSE OF CUSTODY -PRE-TRIAL ADVICE -PENITENIARY ADVICE -ADVICE CONDITIONAL RELEASE 13 juli 2016
- 12. How does early help work? • Early help takes place just after the arrest of the suspect. The probation office will visit the suspect at the police office and conducts an interview. He/she will inform the investigation judge (in a ‘early help report’) with regard to the personal situation of the suspect and the possibilities of a suspension of the arrest with probation supervision. The investigation judge will decide on the continuation of the suspects custody • Within three days after the arrest the investigation judge issues a decision and probation supervision can start ASAP. 13 juli 2016
- 13. PROBATION ADVICE INITIATIVE BY • POLICE • PROSECUTOR • COURT • PRISON ADMINISTRATION • LOCAL AUTHORITIES • PROBATION • LAWYERS 13 juli 2016
- 14. ADVICE BY PROBATION • WHAT ARE THE RISKS OF RE-OFFENCE • WHAT ARE THE RISKS OF DANGER • HOW TO CONTROL THE RISKS (TREATMENT, TRAINING, RISK MANAGEMENT) CONDITONS TO BE IMPOSED BY JUDICIAL BODIES AND CONTROLED BY PROBATION IN A CERTAIN PERIOD OF TIME. 13 juli 2016
- 15. 15 Probation interventions are a constant factor in the justice chain ALWAYS BASED ON A VALID RISK ASSESSMENT!!!
- 16. ADVICE HOW TO ADVICE: -CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR IS FOCUS POINT -12 POSSIBLE CRIMINOGENE FACTORS -CRIME RELATION -INTERACTION CRIMINOGENE FACTORS: HOW DO THEY RESULT IN CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR? -PROFESSIONAL OPINION: WHAT MUST BE DONE? WHAT ARE BEST ALTERNATIVES? 13 juli 2016
- 17. When is a pre-sentence report due? • A pre-sentence reporter writes in general 90 reports a year (full time worker) and 8 reports a month • 2 weeks prior to the court date the pre-sentence report is delivered to the court (in practice this time schedule can not always be met, because of various reasons (assignment for a report is sent too late, speed assignment – 1 week for the court date is due- , etc.) 13 juli 2016
- 18. ADVICE DURING DETENTION • RISK ASSESSMENT BY PROBATION OBLIGATORY • VALID RISK ASSESSMENT IS LESS THAN ONE YEAR OLD • MUST CONTAIN INTERVENTION PLAN • ADVICE DURING DETENTION, LEAVE, LAST PHASE OF DETENTION AND CONDITIONAL RELEASE • ELECTRONIC MONITORING ALWAYS GOES TOGETHER WITH A PROGRAM 13 juli 2016
- 19. RISK ASSESSMENT TOOLS IN THE NETHERLANDS: • RISc: (RISK ESTEMATION SCALES) (OASIS (GB)) • STATISTIC SCIENTIFIC ESTIMATION OF RE- OFFENCE • BASED ON TENS OF THOUSENDS DOSSIERS • CONSTANT MONITORING BY SCIENTIFIC DOCUMENTATION RESEARCH INSTITUTE (WODC) 13 juli 2016
- 20. RISK ASSESSMENT TOOL KIT • RISc (CRIMINOGENITY) • SELF REPORT (RESPONSIVITY) • LEARNING STYLE TEST (RESPOSIVITY) • CYCLE OF CHANGE OF P&DC (MOTIVATION) • LEARY’S ROSE (COMMUNICATION) • BE SAVER (DOMESTIC VIOLENCE) • STATIC ‘99 (SEXUAL OFFENCES) • MATE CRIMI (DRUGS) • QUICK SCAN (FAST AND SIMPLE) 13 juli 2016
- 21. 13 juli 2016 SUPERVISION CAN BE IMPOSED BY: -PRE-TRIAL ADVICE -AFTER TRIAL ADVICE -PRISON ADVICE INTRA MURAL AND/OR EXTRAMURAL
- 22. SUPERVISION DEFINITION: PROBATION SUPERVISION CONSISTS OF: •CHECKING WHETHER THE CLIENT MEETS THE IMPOSED CONDITIONS, •SIGNALLING IMPENDING VIOLATION, •ENCOURAGING AND MOTIVATING THE CLIENT TO ADHERE TO THE TERMS, •GUIDING THE CLIENT IN ADDRESSING CRIMINOGENIC FACTORS SUCH AS HOUSING, FINANCE, CONTACTS, WORK AND MEANINGFUL ACTIVITIES. 13 juli 2016
- 23. SUPERVISION CHECK IF THE CONVICTED PERSON IS ACTING ACCORDING THE IMPOSED CONDITIONS BY: -OBLIGATORY TALKS -VISITS -WORKING ALLIANCE -CONTACT WITH HEALTCARE, SOCIAL CARE -CONTACT WITH SOCIAL NETWORK/FAMILY -CONTACT WITH POLICE, PRISON -CORRECTIONAL TALKS -TREATMENT -MOTIVATIONAL INTERVIEWING -BEHAVIORAL TRAINING -SETTING BOUNDERIES13 juli 2016
- 24. SUPERVISION – CONTROL METHODS TOOLS FOR CONTROL: •METHODOLOGY •ELECTRONIC MONITORING •URINE/BREATH/BLOOD CONTROLS •CHECKS WITH PARTNER ORGANISATIONS (TREATMENT) 13 juli 2016
- 25. Caseload of supervisor • High, middle and low risk supervision • No specific caseload rules as in Kazakhstan (because of a different budget system in the Netherlands) • On average the supervisor has 22 clients in supervision on a daily basis (depending on the high or low risk assessment of the clients) 13 juli 2016
- 26. NL: OVERVIEW 14 SPECIAL CONDITIONS (TRIAL): • COMPLIANCE WITH THE INSTRUCTIONS FROM THE PROBATION SERVICE • DUTY TO REPORT, FACE TO FACE • NO CONTACT ALLOWED WITH EITHER PERSONS OR INSTITUTIONS • AMBULANT TREATMENT • CLINICAL ADMISSION FOR TREATMENT • BEHAVIOURAL TRAINING 13 juli 2016
- 27. NL: OVERVIEW SPECIAL CONDITIONS (TRIAL) 13 juli 2016 • ADMISSION TO 24-HOURS FACILITIES, SOCIAL SHELTER (CARE/TRAINING) • NO USE OF ALCOHOL • NO USE OF DRUGS • EXCLUSION ORDER: TIME AND PLACE • INCLUSION ORDER: TIME AND PLACE
- 29. 29 PROBATION POPULATION IN THE NETHERLANDSAgragainst per Dru Agr anim Oth Seksual offe Tra Propert Weapon
- 30. Examples of available training courses for probation officers 13 juli 2016 • Introduction in probation work • Training in RISC (diagnose instrument for risk assessment) • Training in Quick Scan (diagnose instrument for risk assessment for short reports • Motivational interviewing • Presentation at the court training • In depth course criminology • Intervision • Agression training (how to act when a client is aggressive)
Editor's Notes
- #16: An overview of the points in time when the Dutch Probation Service is active within the criminal justice chain. As you can see, involvement is possible from the moment of arrest (early intervention) through to after detention (follow-up). It is not the case that all assignments take place in chronological sequence. It is entirely possible for us to have an order to supervise a person ‘come in’ even if we had not advised supervision. Follow-up involvement is a task for the municipal authorities, but they may call on our services for advice or practical support in providing follow-up care. This takes place in what is known as an administrative framework.
- #30: De soorten delicten: Agressie tegen personen: 35% Drugsdelicten: 9% Agressie delicten tegen dieren en goed:1% Overige delicten: 12% Seksuele delicten: 4% Verkeersdelicten: 4% Vermogensdelicten: 34% Vuurwapendelicten: 1%