Overview of Wellbeing Definitions & Drivers
- 1. Wellbeing definitions & drivers overview Local Authority wellbeing evidence Manchester 19th September 2018 whatworkswellbeing.org @whatworksWB @Work_Life_You
- 2. Explain what well-being is, how its defined and measured and why it matters Explain the link between wellbeing, a fairer society and making the economic case for prevention Describe key factors that influence wellbeing building on the UK’s world-leading science Show how wellbeing can be a powerful tool for public health and as a public health outcome in its own right Session aim Objectives – by the end of the session be able to
- 3. What Works Centre for Wellbeing What, Why, How, Who & When
- 4. Nancy Hey Centre Director What, Why, How and Who Independent Unbiased Rigorous Concise Relevant Accessible What Works for Children’s Social Care Wales Centre for Public Policy • Independent of government • Systematic reviews of the evidence base • Translate assessments into practical guidance • Identify and fill evidence gaps through trials • Incentivize and build the capacity of decision makers to generate and use evidence
- 5. Nancy Hey Centre Director What, Why, How and Who What Works Centre for Wellbeing
- 6. What is wellbeing? Part 1 What is wellbeing Defining and Measuring
- 7. Better mental health for all Wellbeing has an image problem, people think its fluffy – its not. The “Wellbeing Industry” confuses the issue Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Wellbeing is more than health Most of what makes us healthy is affected by things outside the healthcare system
- 8. Part 1 What is wellbeing What people in the UK said • Feeling safe financially comfortable, having good physical and mental health, good food, job, housing, access to natural environment and transport • Feeling loved respected and appreciated, belonging, having positive connections, time alone, appreciation of difference and feeling part of something bigger • Feeling fulfilled a sense of achievement, inspiration, feeling valued, fun, learning, opportunities, control, agency and choice
- 9. Part 1 What is wellbeing What do practitioners say? We talk about • self-esteem • community cohesion • life satisfaction • anxiety These are all part of what makes up wellbeing
- 10. Introduction What the ‘experts’ say OECD model for wellbeing
- 11. What we do in the UK Part 1 What is wellbeing Defining and Measuring
- 12. ONS Wellbeing Framework – informed by public debate Part 1 What is wellbeing ‘how we are doing’ as individuals, communities and as a nation and how sustainable this is for the future
- 13. Shared outcomes for the UK What is wellbeing
- 14. Devolved Government Outcomes focus in Scotland and Wales
- 15. Objective circumstances don’t always match subjective experience • Crime vs fear of crime • Growth vs feeling better off • Employment vs job satisfaction • Health vs satisfaction with health • Isolation vs loneliness Are they moving in the same direction? Comparison is interesting for policy - Subjective Experience + Consider subjective evidence in developing your policies alongside objective Objective circumstances – good/ improving but Subjective experiences – poor/ deteriorating Objective circumstances – good/ improving and Subjective experiences – good/ improving Objective circumstances – poor/ deteriorating and Subjective experiences – poor/ deteriorating Objective circumstances – poor/ deteriorating but Subjective experiences – good/ improving Mean centred Healthy Life Years vs Satisfaction Quality of life as people experience it Part 1 What is wellbeing
- 16. 10/2/2018 Part 1 What is wellbeing Valuing what matters & sustainability for the future Related frameworks for: • Children • Young People • Social Capital • Economic Wellbeing • Sustainable Development Valuations: • Household production • Capitals (natural, human…)
- 17. ‘Overall’ Subjective Measures 4 personal well-being questions Eudaimonic perspective See ONS results Evaluative perspective Negative experience perspective Positive experience perspective Answered on an 11 point scale: 0 means ‘Not at all’, 10 means ‘Completely’ World-Leading Cross cutting measures Part 1 What is wellbeing How satisfied are you with your life nowadays? How happy did you feel yesterday? How anxious did you feel yesterday? To what extent do you feel the things you do in your life are worthwhile? 4 perspectives
- 18. Part 1 What is wellbeing Exercise 4 How is personal wellbeing measured • How satisfied are you with your life nowadays? • To what extent do you feel the things you do in your life are worthwhile? • How happy did you feel yesterday? • How anxious did you feel yesterday? I would like to ask you questions about your feelings on aspects of your life. There are no right or wrong answers. I’d like you to give an answer on a scale of nought to 10, where nought is ‘not at all’ and 10 is ‘completely’. Overall, how satisfied are you with your life nowadays?
- 19. • Mean Life Satisfaction across the UK is 7.6 • Public Sector workers is 7.8 • % with higher wellbeing (7-10 out of 10) in the Civil Service = 65% Personal Well-being (2012-15) Percentage of civil servants completing survey 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% Life Satisfaction (7-10) Worthwhile (7-10) Happiness (7-10) Anxiety (0-3) 2012 2013 2014 2015 Part 1 What is wellbeing How are you doing?
- 20. Part 1 What is wellbeing How is your organization doing? 2016
- 21. Part 2 Wellbeing at Work Wellbeing makes engagement sustainable – 2017
- 22. Personal Wellbeing in the UK Part 1 What is wellbeing London lower average ratings of • life satisfaction • anxiety • feeling things in life are worthwhile Northern Ireland higher average ratings all personal well-being measures except anxiety, Women • Higher life satisfaction • Higher worthwhile AND • higher levels of anxiety Mean Life Satisfaction across the UK Interactive Maps
- 23. Improved year on year for 5 years from March 2012-15……but not 2016. Quarterly updates from Sept 2016 National to organisational How are we doing in the UK
- 24. Improved year on year for 5 years from March 2012-15……but not this year. Quarterly updates post referendum… Part 1 What is wellbeing How will Brexit affect wellbeing in UK?
- 25. Local Context How are we doing where you are?
- 26. Evaluative - Domain specific e.g how happy/satisfied are you with e.g. transport/healthcare • Drivers less known • Useful for identifying stress points and improving services Psychological and Social Wellbeing • WEMWBS Mental Wellbeing • PERMA and PERMA + • Psychological Flourishing • Social capital Hedonia – positive and negative affect • Experience sampling • Day reconstruction • Time use • Customer feedback e.g. touchpads, facial recognition • Big data, sentiment analysis e.g. twitter Part 1 What is wellbeing Other new and old ways of measuring wellbeing
- 27. Part 1 What is wellbeing Wellbeing and National Events
- 28. Useful but not representative or precise for complexity e.g. #happysheffield and Using social media to assess health from afar Part 1 What is wellbeing Social media analysis #Happysheffield
- 29. Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale None of the time Rarely Some of the time Often All of the time I’ve been feeling optimistic about the future I’ve been feeling useful I’ve been feeling relaxed I’ve been dealing with problems well I’ve been thinking clearly I’ve been feeling close to other people I’ve been able to make up my own mind about things X
- 30. Measuring community wellbeing Part 1 What is wellbeing
- 31. Summary • There are many definitions, frameworks and views on well-being • At it’s most powerful well-being is defined as ‘what matters most’, by citizens through national debate and consultation. A nation’s well-being is best defined by its own citizens • Objective circumstances don’t always match subjective experiences • Use both objective and subjective evidence to develop a more rounded picture of progress. Subjective experiences matter to policy and services • Huge amount of research indicating it is an important social outcome in its own right, and instrumental to achieving other outcomes we value. • We know much about what influences and drives personal well-being Subjective well-being is a particularly important policy tool Summary – What is wellbeing Part 1 What is wellbeing
- 32. Drivers of wellbeing Part 1 What we know Wellbeing 101
- 33. Age Children Disability Economic activity (work) Education Ethnicity Gender Index of multiple deprivation Marital status Migration Mode of interview Region Religion Self-reported health Socio-economic status Housing Tenure Self-reported health Economic activity Marital status Age Mode of interview Ethnicity Region Housing Tenure Religion Socio-economic status Index of multiple deprivation Education Gender Disability Migration Children Largest Effects Smallest Effects Part 1 What we know Exercise 6 Factors that influence life satisfaction
- 34. Part 1 What we know Typical wellbeing over a life time
- 35. Part 1 What we know Anti-depressant use by age
- 36. Part 1 What we know Suicide rates by age
- 37. Part 1 What we know What’s going on?
- 38. Part 1 What we know What are we doing that’s different?
- 39. Part 1 What we know Impact of life events? What much and how long? • Life events matter • Some things hurt more than others • Some we recover from • Some we don’t Unemployment, Marriage, Divorce, Widowhood, Birth of child, layoff
- 40. Part 2 What Works Very few things impact wellbeing as much as work
- 41. What makes the difference? Internationally we know that three quarters of the difference in wellbeing between the top 10 and bottom 10 countries and regions can be explained by: 1.Social support – have someone to rely on 2.Freedom to choose what you do in life 3.Kindness – give to charity/volunteer 4.Trust - Absence of corruption 5.GDP 6. Healthy life expectancy
- 42. What we know Across the life course: protective factors/determinants Childhood & Home 1. Mother’s mental health 2. Childhood emotional health 3. School/Home 50:50 = 50% later adult wellbeing Adulthood 1. Emotional Health (and Physical health self-perceived) 2. Partner relationship 3. Employment Emotional health is predictive of later adult life satisfaction up to 8 years before
- 43. Life Satisfaction impact • Employment = +0.5 units of life satisfaction • Physical active x1 week =+0.2 units life satisfaction • Listening to music = +0.1 units of life satisfaction • Classical music concert = +0.19 units life satisfactions Happiness impact • Employment = +0.3 units happiness • Physical active x1 week = 0.17 units happiness • Listening to music = +0.8 units of happiness • Gospel concert = +0.72 units of happiness Impact and Cost Effectiveness How to compare and prioritise?
- 44. Greater negative link with wellbeing Physical activity Partner relationship Music Employed TrustS’one to rely on Unemployed Longer Commute Low-qual work Noise pollution Air pollution Years of Educat’n But it depends on the characteristics of the job. Those with greater stability, clarity and social relations tend to be best for wellbeing High qual work Mixed evidence or no effect Having a child Personal Wider environment and play Work Green Space Poor health Loneliness Selected factors and link with Life Satisfactionn Note that this is not a meta-analysis, but rather a selection of independent variables from selected studies. Greater +ve and -ve effect demonstrate where selected studies have shown a greater than +/- 5% link with overall wellbeing. Smaller negative link with wellbeing Smaller positive link with wellbeing Greater positive link with wellbeing Greater negative link with wellbeing Smaller negative link with wellbeing Smaller positive link with wellbeing Greater positive link with wellbeing Basic needs What we know How big a challenge or resource?
- 45. Local Area Adult Wellbeing Indicators The known drivers of wellbeing using existing data -> Download
- 46. Applied to workplace Workplace drivers of wellbeing What makes the biggest difference where you are? Workplace index being tested
- 47. Community wellbeing – tools and resources Online measurement toolkit for VCSE sector 1. Wellbeing explained 2. Measuring wellbeing • Planning and designing evaluations • Practical considerations 3. Wellbeing survey questions • Personal wellbeing questions • Social capital questions • Writing your own & open questions 4. Survey Builder 5. Analysing results whatworkswellbeing.org/measure
- 48. Outcomes for better lives Yes….and….. Wellbeing Feel Good Day to day and overall – happiness, purpose, contentment, low anxiety External Conditions Quality of Life Feeling safe Social Context Relationships, community, power Function well Competent, choice, control, meet needs Personal Genes 30%, resilience, optimism, characteristics
- 49. Introduction PERMA PLUS Positive emotion Engagement Relationships Meaning Achievement Sleep Nutrition Exercise Optimism How can you increase these in your life and in your teams?
Editor's Notes
- #3: 14 universities, 7 civil society organisations and OECD Wellbeing across the life course & methodology LSE, Oxford, UCL, OECD, Action for Happiness, How to Thrive Community wellbeing Liverpool, Sheffield, Leeds Beckett, Durham, Goldsmiths, Happy City, Centre for Local Economies, Social Life, Locality, New Economics Foundation Work & learning UAE, Essex, Sheffield Culture & sport Brunel London, LSE, Brighton, Winchester
- #13: The work of the Centre builds on the National Debate from 2010 and the subsequent measurement by ONS.
- #14: The work of the Centre builds on the National Debate from 2010 and the subsequent measurement by ONS.
- #17: Many global institutions and governments use GDP as a measure of social progress and development, although the creator of GDP said it was not designed to be used this way. The welfare of a nation can scarcely be inferred from a measurement of national income. Simon Kuznets on GDP and well-being in 1934. Simon Kuznets, 1934. “National Income, 1929–1932”. 73rd US Congress, 2d session, Senate document no. 124, page 7. Distinctions must be kept in mind between quantity and quality of growth, between its costs and return, and between the short and the long term. Goals for more growth should specify more growth of what and for what.” Simon Kuznets in 1962. The conversation has recently focused on ‘beyond GDP’ and finding new measures of what matter to people. Wellbeing is increasingly being used a measure of social progress and in this talk Jan explores the economics of wellbeing.
- #18: Three perspectives are important Evaluative – long term wellbeing Experiential – happiness and anxiety Eudiamonic – sense of meaning/ purpose Evaluating ‘self’ disagrees with Experience self in many cases. E.g. Evaluating self might think having email is a good thing – convenient, flexible etc. but experiencing self might feel pressure to work out of hours etc. Parenting is similar – higher ‘worthwhile’ but higher stress/ anxiety. Need positive and negative experience because – absence of negative experience is not the same as presence of positive emotions. Also more sensitive to positive than negative experiences.
- #24: SWB matters because there are links to engagement, absenteeism/ presenteeism and productivity. Staff wellbeing is not just about being a good employer it’s also about productivity and the bottomline. Can affect outcomes - nurses subjective wellbeing had been linked to patient care for example. What are we doing: - staff wellbeing strategies - proactive OH/ EAP strategies - stress courses
- #25: SWB matters because there are links to engagement, absenteeism/ presenteeism and productivity. Staff wellbeing is not just about being a good employer it’s also about productivity and the bottomline. Can affect outcomes - nurses subjective wellbeing had been linked to patient care for example. What are we doing: - staff wellbeing strategies - proactive OH/ EAP strategies - stress courses
- #27: SWB matters because there are links to engagement, absenteeism/ presenteeism and productivity. Staff wellbeing is not just about being a good employer it’s also about productivity and the bottomline. Can affect outcomes - nurses subjective wellbeing had been linked to patient care for example. What are we doing: - staff wellbeing strategies - proactive OH/ EAP strategies - stress courses
- #29: SWB matters because there are links to engagement, absenteeism/ presenteeism and productivity. Staff wellbeing is not just about being a good employer it’s also about productivity and the bottomline. Can affect outcomes - nurses subjective wellbeing had been linked to patient care for example. What are we doing: - staff wellbeing strategies - proactive OH/ EAP strategies - stress courses
- #30: SWB matters because there are links to engagement, absenteeism/ presenteeism and productivity. Staff wellbeing is not just about being a good employer it’s also about productivity and the bottomline. Can affect outcomes - nurses subjective wellbeing had been linked to patient care for example. What are we doing: - staff wellbeing strategies - proactive OH/ EAP strategies - stress courses
- #34: SWB matters because there are links to engagement, absenteeism/ presenteeism and productivity. Staff wellbeing is not just about being a good employer it’s also about productivity and the bottomline. Can affect outcomes - nurses subjective wellbeing had been linked to patient care for example. What are we doing: - staff wellbeing strategies - proactive OH/ EAP strategies - stress courses