![Overview of AMSR2 instrument • Deployable main reflector
system with 2.0m diameter.
• Frequency channel set is
identical to that of AMSR-E
except 7.3GHz channel for RFI
mitigation.
• Two-point external calibration
with the improved HTS (hot-
load).
• Deep-space maneuver will be
considered to check the
Deployed Stowed consistency between main
reflector and CSM.
GCOM-W1/AMSR2 characteristics AMSR2 Channel Set
Sun Synchronous with Cente Band Beam width Samplin
Polari [deg] g
Orbit 699.6km altitude (over the r Freq. width zatio
[MHz n (Ground res. interval
equator) [GHz] ] [km]) [km]
Launch JFY2011 6.925 1.8 (35 x 62)
Design-Life 5-years / 350
7.3 1.7 (34 x 58)
Local time 13:30 LTAN
10.65 100 V 1.2 (24 x 42) 10
Swath width 1450km 18.7 200 and 0.65 (14 x 22)
Antenna 2.0m offset parabola H
23.8 400 0.75 (15 x 26)
Incidence 36.5 1000 0.35 (7 x 12)
Nominal 55 degree
angle 89.0 3000 0.15 (3 x 5) 5](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/overviewofgcom-110728211224-phpapp02/85/OverviewofGCOM-pdf-22-320.jpg)
![central Lλ Lmax .
IFOV ⊿λ
Ch. wavelength [W/m2/str/ [W/m2/str/ S/N
[m] [nm]
[nm] μm] μm]
VN1 380 250 10 60 210 250
VN2 412 250 10 75 250 400
VN3 443 250 10 64 400 300
VN4 490 250 10 53 120 400
VN5 530 250 20 41 350 250
VN6 565 250 20 33 90 400
VN7 673.5 250 20 23 62 400
VN8 673.5 250 20 25 210 250
VN9 763 1000 12 40 350 400
VN10 868.5 250 20 8 30 400
VN11 868.5 250 20 30 300 200](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/overviewofgcom-110728211224-phpapp02/85/OverviewofGCOM-pdf-40-320.jpg)
![Polarization channels
(3 directions)
central Lλ Lmax .
IFOV ⊿λ
Ch. wavelength [W/m2/str/ [W/m2/str/ S/N
[m] [nm]
[nm] μm] μm]
673-P1 673.5 1000 20 25 250 250
673-P2 673.5 1000 20 25 250 250
673-P3 673.5 1000 20 25 250 250
868-P1 868.5 1000 20 30 300 250
868-P2 868.5 1000 20 30 300 250
868-P3 868.5 1000 20 30 300 250](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/overviewofgcom-110728211224-phpapp02/85/OverviewofGCOM-pdf-41-320.jpg)
![IRS
2
Lmax [W/m
central Lλ[W/m /s 2 S/Nor
/str/μm]
Ch. wavelength IFOV[m] ⊿λ[μm] tr/μm] or NEdT@3
or
[μm] Tstd[K] 00[K]
Tmax [K]
SW1 1.05 1000 0.02 57 248 500
SW2 1.38 1000 0.02 8 103 150
SW3 1.63 250 0.2 3 50 57
SW4 2.21 1000 0.05 1.9 20 211
T1 10.8 500 0.7 300 340 0.2
T2 12.0 500 0.7 300 340 0.2](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/overviewofgcom-110728211224-phpapp02/85/OverviewofGCOM-pdf-42-320.jpg)
OverviewofGCOM.pdf
- 1. OVERVIEW OF GCOM IGARSS11 Vancouver, Canada July29,2011 Haruhisa Shimoda, Hiroshi Murakami Taikan Oki, Yoshiaki Honda, Tamotsu Igarashi EORC, JAXA
- 2. Background • Minister of MEXT committed at Earth Observation Summit on Apr. 2004 – Global Warming, Carbon Cycle – Climate Change, Water Cycle – Disaster mitigation • Future Earth Observation system must reflect – Reliability – Continuity – User oriented “Stable and continuous social infrastructure” Contribution to GEOSS
- 3. Council for Science and Technology Policy (CSTP) • 3rd Science and Technology Basic Plan • Total budget of $240B in 5 years • Strategic fields : Environment, Life science, Information/communication, Nano- technology • Ocean-Earth Observation Exploration System • One of the 5 national critical technology
- 4. GEOSS 10 year implementation plan Earth System Model ・Ocean Prediction & ・Cryosphere Policy ・Land Analysis High speed decision Policy ・Atmosphere computing & support decision Disaster ・Solid Earth communication ・Evaluation ・Biosphere Visualization ・Decision support system Assimilation Other data Socio-economic data Bio- Health diversity Earth observation Interoperability criterion Value optimization, Elimination of gap areas, system ・In-situ observation Observation Continuous feedback for human activity ・Airborne observation understanding ・Satellite observation GCOS Essential Climate Variables (ECV) Require continuous satellite products Agriculture energy 9 Societal benefit areas エネルギー Eco- Climate Water Weather system
- 7. GCOM Mission • Continuation of ADEOSⅡ • Contribution to GEOSS • Climate, Weather, Water, Ecosystem, Agriculture, etc. in GEOSS 9 areas • Focus on Climate change / Global warming and Water cycle committed in Summit • Contribution to operational fields like weather forecast, fisheries, etc. • Long term continuous measurements
- 8. Scientific Targets • Accurate estimation of aerosol radiative forcing • Validation of climate models • Accurate estimation of primary production • Better understanding of coastal phenomena • Better understanding of sea ice trend
- 10. Operational Applications • Input to NWP • Extreme weather forecasting • Fisheries • Navigation • Coastal management • Crop yield estimation • Monitoring forest decrease • Monitoring volcano eruptions • Monitoring forest fire
- 11. GCOM satellites • GCOM-W1 – AMSR2 (Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2) – Planned to be launched on Feb., 2012 • GCOM-C1 – SGLI (Second generation Global Imager) – Planned to be launched in fiscal 2014 • Plan for the 2nd and 3rd generations – GCOM-W2 (in 2015), GCOM-W3 (in 2019) – GCOM-C2 (in 2018), GCOM-C3 (in 2022)
- 12. GCOM-W1 • Orbit – Sun synchronous orbit – Height: about 700km – Local time of ascending node: 13:30 • Weight: about 1.99t • Power : about 3.9kW • Lifetime: 5 years • Data transmission – Global observation data are stored and transmitted every orbit period – Observed data are transmitted to ground stations in real time
- 13. A-Train and GCOM-W1 After invitation to A-Train constellation from NASA, JAXA and A-Train members studied the possibility of participation of GCOM-W1 to A- Train. Participation of GCOM-W1 to A-Train was approved by A-Train members last October. The position of GCOM-W1 is ahead of Aqua. Benefits of joining the A-train are: Precise inter-calibration between AMSR-E and AMSR2; and Synergy with A-Train instruments for new Earth science research. GCOM-W1 15～195sec 86sec
- 14. Downlink • Freq : 8245MHz • Polarization : RHCP • Modulation : OQPSK • Data Rate : 10Mbps (20Msps) • Coding : CCSDS, Reed-Solomon, convolution
- 15. GCOM-W1 satellite GCOM-W (Water) Advanced Microwave Scanning Instrument Radiometer-2 Sun Synchronous orbit Orbit Altitude：699.6km (over the equator) Size 5.1m (X) * 17.5m (Y) * 3.4m (Z) Mass 1880kg Power Over 4050W Launch JFY2011 (CY2012 Winter) Design Life 5-years Status Preliminary Design started in JFY2007 – GCOM-W1/AMSR2 will contribute to long-term observation of global water and energy cycle. – Continue AMSR-E observation (high spatial resolution, low-frequency channels,etc.). – Construct reliable long-term dataset to contribute for understanding and monitoring of climate change. – Contribute to operational use by providing continuous cloud-through SST, frequent and quantitative storm observation to maintain precipitation forecast accuracy.
- 16. Basic requirements for AMSR 2 • Minimum modifications from AMSR on ADEOS-II to reduce risks/cost and keep the earliest launch date. • Several essential improvements. – Improvement of calibration system including warm load calibration target. – Consideration to C-band radio frequency interference (RFI). • Combination with SeaWinds-type scatterometer is highly desired.
- 17. Basic requirements for AMSR 2 • Antenna : 2.0m, offset parabolic antenna • Channel sets – Identical to AMSR-E (no O2 band channels) – 6.925,7.3, 10.65, 18.7, 23.8, 36.5, 89.0GHz – Dual polarization • Calibration – Improvements of hot load etc. – Enhance pre-launch calibration testing • Orbit – A-Train • Mission life – 5 years
- 18. Improvement of hot load • Adoption of temperature controlled reflector over hot load • Minimize the effect of thermal interference • Design results shows the maximum temperature difference less than 2K • Brightness temperature accuracy will be around 0.1K
- 19. Prototyping and testing Calibration Assembly MPU testing board
- 20. Improvement of HTS(Hot Load) (1) Temperature inside HTS is kept constant (= 20 degrees C) using heaters on 5 walls of HTS and TCP. (2) Sunshields attached to HTS and TCP minimize the sun light reflection into HTS. (3) TCP thermally isolates HTS from SU structure (much colder than HTS). HTS: High Temperature noise Source, TCP: Thermal Control Panel, SU: Sensor Unit AMSR-E HTS AMSR2 HTS (Cross section) (Cross section) Heater Microwave Absorber Spin axis Sunshield Sunshield SU structure SU structure TCP Maximum temperature difference inside HTS : less than 2K Estimated brightness temperature accuracy : 0.2 K (Variable bias during orbit, season, design life) 0.1 K (Random due to quantization )
- 21. Temperature Resolution Frequency Resolution(target) 6.925 <0.34(0.3) 7.3 <0.43 10.65 < 0.7(0.6) 18.7 < 0.7(0.6) 23.8 < 0.6(0.55) 36.5 < 0.7(0.65) 89.0 < 1.2(1.1)
- 22. Overview of AMSR2 instrument • Deployable main reflector system with 2.0m diameter. • Frequency channel set is identical to that of AMSR-E except 7.3GHz channel for RFI mitigation. • Two-point external calibration with the improved HTS (hot- load). • Deep-space maneuver will be considered to check the Deployed Stowed consistency between main reflector and CSM. GCOM-W1/AMSR2 characteristics AMSR2 Channel Set Sun Synchronous with Cente Band Beam width Samplin Polari [deg] g Orbit 699.6km altitude (over the r Freq. width zatio [MHz n (Ground res. interval equator) [GHz] ] [km]) [km] Launch JFY2011 6.925 1.8 (35 x 62) Design-Life 5-years / 350 7.3 1.7 (34 x 58) Local time 13:30 LTAN 10.65 100 V 1.2 (24 x 42) 10 Swath width 1450km 18.7 200 and 0.65 (14 x 22) Antenna 2.0m offset parabola H 23.8 400 0.75 (15 x 26) Incidence 36.5 1000 0.35 (7 x 12) Nominal 55 degree angle 89.0 3000 0.15 (3 x 5) 5
- 23. Cross Calibration with AMSR-E • AMSR-E and AMSR2 will remain in A-train at least 1 year. • Cross calibration will be conducted during this 1 year period. • New calibration parameters of AMSR-E will be determined. • The whole AMSR-E products will be reprocessed using this new parameters.
- 24. products IFOV std. accr. dynamic range brightness temp. 5-50km ±1.5K 2.7-340K total prec. water 15km ±3.5kg/m3 0-70kg/m3 cloud liq. water 15km ±0.05kg/m2 0-1.0kg/m2 precipitation 15km Ocean: 50% 0-20mm/h Land:±120% SST 50km ±5 ˚C -2-35˚C sea surf. winds 15km ±1m/s 0-30m/s sea ice conc. 15km ±10% 0-100% snow depth 30km ±20cm 0-100cm soil moisture 50km ±10% 0-40%
- 25. Oceanic geophysical parameters by AMSR Global Monthly Mean in April 2003 Total precipitable water Cloud liquid water Sea surface wind speed Precipitation
- 30. SST anomaly in northern high latitudes Monthly SST anomaly in northern high latitude oceans for July 2002 (left) and July 2007 (right).
- 31. Changes in AMSR-E sea ice extent 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 AMSR-E sea ice extent over northern polar region on August 20 of recent 6 years (2002-2007). Images were obtained from the Arctic Sea-Ice Monitor site maintained by the International Arctic Research Center (http://www.ijis.iarc.uaf.edu/en/index.htm).
- 36. CGOM-C1 • Orbit – Sun synchronous orbit – Height: about 800km – Local time of descending node: 10:30 • Weight: about 2.1t • Power : about 4kW • Lifetime: 5 years • Data transmission – Global observation data are stored and transmitted every orbit period – Observed data over Japanese islands are transmitted to JAXA ground station in real time
- 37. SGLI • Wide spectrum coverage • Near UV, VIS, NIR, SWIR, TIR • Polarization measurements • Multiple angle observation • Multiple telescopes
- 38. VNR • Composed of 3 telescopes to cover the total swath • Each telescope covers 24 degree achieving 70 degree in total
- 39. Polarization • Composed of 1 telescope for each channel • IFOV is 55 degree • Looking fore, nadir & aft • One camera with tilt or two cameras?
- 40. central Lλ Lmax . IFOV ⊿λ Ch. wavelength [W/m2/str/ [W/m2/str/ S/N [m] [nm] [nm] μm] μm] VN1 380 250 10 60 210 250 VN2 412 250 10 75 250 400 VN3 443 250 10 64 400 300 VN4 490 250 10 53 120 400 VN5 530 250 20 41 350 250 VN6 565 250 20 33 90 400 VN7 673.5 250 20 23 62 400 VN8 673.5 250 20 25 210 250 VN9 763 1000 12 40 350 400 VN10 868.5 250 20 8 30 400 VN11 868.5 250 20 30 300 200
- 41. Polarization channels (3 directions) central Lλ Lmax . IFOV ⊿λ Ch. wavelength [W/m2/str/ [W/m2/str/ S/N [m] [nm] [nm] μm] μm] 673-P1 673.5 1000 20 25 250 250 673-P2 673.5 1000 20 25 250 250 673-P3 673.5 1000 20 25 250 250 868-P1 868.5 1000 20 30 300 250 868-P2 868.5 1000 20 30 300 250 868-P3 868.5 1000 20 30 300 250
- 42. IRS 2 Lmax [W/m central Lλ[W/m /s 2 S/Nor /str/μm] Ch. wavelength IFOV[m] ⊿λ[μm] tr/μm] or NEdT@3 or [μm] Tstd[K] 00[K] Tmax [K] SW1 1.05 1000 0.02 57 248 500 SW2 1.38 1000 0.02 8 103 150 SW3 1.63 250 0.2 3 50 57 SW4 2.21 1000 0.05 1.9 20 211 T1 10.8 500 0.7 300 340 0.2 T2 12.0 500 0.7 300 340 0.2
- 43. 2. GCOM-C products and SGLI design - 2.8 SGLI design (VNR and IRS) • SGLI system consists of two components: SGLI-VNR and SGLI-IRS to optimize optics for each wavelength range • SGLI-VNR consists of 11-channel non-polarimetric telescope and 2-channel along-track slant polarimetric telescope systems. Total FOV: 70deg = 24deg × 3 telescopes Solar diffuser Non-polarization (~1150km@nadir) Earth tree telescopes Visible and Earth direction Each has the same Near-infrared 11 channels Radiometer (SGLI-VNR) GCOM-C Polarization two FOV: 55deg satellite (670nm and (~1150km@±45deg 865nm) telescopes along-track slant) Each has tree polarization-angle ±45deg filters ±45deg along- track slant observation InfraRed Scanner Earth Earth (SGLI-IRS) Incoming light Earth view window SWIR detector Primary mirror FOV: 80-deg mechanical secondary-mirror cooler Scan Dichroic mortar filter TIR Solar Black body detector calibration Optical bench window Deep space window Scan mirror 43 SWI TIR detectors Ritchey-Chretien Optics detector
- 44. 2. GCOM-C products and SGLI design - 2.1 mission target and product groups GCOM-C observation targets Radiation budget Carbon cycle Atmosphere Cryosphere Land Ocean Cloud and aerosol Ice-albedo Carbon cycle and Carbon and heat changes and feedback in vegetation pool and coastal Ratiative forcing global warming production environment Snow Snow Land Above- Sea Cloud Aerosol Snow Ice Land Vegetation Ocean surface surface surface ground surface properties Cloud properties distribution cover production color Sea ice properties Snow Temp. Temp. biomass Sea Temp. Sea Water Precipi- Soil liquid concentration surface surface vapor tation depth moisture water wind Temp. Major observation targets of GCOM GCOM-W Water cycle change observation satellite 44
- 45. Standard products (land) products GSD accuracy radiance 250/1000m 5%, 0.5K geom. corr. rad. 250m 0.5pixel land surface refl. 250m 5%/10%*1 veg. index 250m 20%/15%*2 veg. roughness. index 1km 20%/15%*2 shadow index 1km 20%/15%*2 land surf. temp 500m 2.5K fAPAR 250m 30%/20%*2 LAI 250m 30% above ground biomass 1km 30% *1 : >443nm / ≤443nm *2 : grass land / forest
- 46. Research products (land) products GSD accuracy net primary prod. 1km TBD veg. water stress 500m TBD index fire 500m TBD land cover class. 250m TBD land surface 1km TBD albedo
- 47. Standard products (atmosphere) products GSD accuracy cloud flag/type 1km cloud type & amount 1km/0.1˚ 15% cloud top temp/altitude 1km/0.1˚ 3k/2km opt. thick. of water cloud 1km/0.1˚ 100% opt. thick. of cirrus 1km/0.1˚ 70% aerosol over ocean 1km/0.1˚ 0.1 aerosol over land UV 1km/0.1˚ 0.15 aerosol over land pol. 1km/0.1˚ 0.15
- 48. Research products (atmosphere) products GSD accuracy geom. thickness of water clouds 1km/0.1˚ N/A land surface long wave radiant flux 1km/0.1˚ N/A land surface short wave radiant flux 1km/0.1˚ N/A
- 49. Standard products (ocean) products GSD accuracy normalized water leav. 250m/1km/4-9km 50% rad. *1 atm. corr. parameter 250m/1km/4-9km 50% PAR 250m/1km/4-9km 15% chlorophyll-a 250m/1km/4-9km -60-+150% SS 250m/1km/4-9km -60-+150% CDOM 250m/1km/4-9km -60-+150% SST 500m/1km/4-9km 0.8K *1 : 250m:coastal, 1km : open ocean, 4-9km : global
- 50. Research products (ocean) products GSD accuracy euphotic zone depth 250m/1km/4-9km N/A intrinsic opt. char. of 250m/1km/4-9km N/A seawater primary production 500m/1km/4-9km N/A phytoplankton type 250m/1km/4-9km N/A red tide 250m/1km/4-9km N/A sensor fusion ocean color 250m/1km N/A sensor fusion SST 500m/1km N/A
- 51. Standard products (cryosphere) products GSD accuracy snow & ice cover 250m/1km 7% sea ice dist. in Okhotsk sea 250m 5% snow/ice surface temp. 500m/1km 2K snow particle size 250m/1km 50%
- 52. Research products (cryosphere) products GSD accuracy snow/sea ice class. 1km N/A snow cover over mountains 250m N/A snow particle size of semi 1km N/A surface surface snow particle size 250m/1km N/A snow/ice surface albedo 1km N/A snow impurity 250m/1km N/A ice sheet roughness 1km N/A ice sheet edge monitor 250m N/A
- 53. 250m ocean RGB:22/21/20，2003.5.26 GLI 250m chl a (1km) San Francisco ●
- 54. 3. Examples of expected GCOM-C product - 3.4 VNR 250m land and coastal observation 250m Ocean color chlorophyll-a and NDVI simulated using GLI 250m channels (a) GLI 1km Osaka Bay (b) GLI 250m Osaka Bay (1 Oct. 2003, CHL by LCI) (1 Oct. 2003, CHL by LCI) SGLI 250m resolution will enable to detect more fine structure in the coastal area such as river outflow, regional blooms, and small current. 54 Hiroshi Murakami, Mitsuhiro Toratani and Hajime Fukushima, Satellite ocean color observation with 250 m spatial resolution using ADEOS-II GLI, Remote Sensing of the Marine Environment, Proceedings of SPIE, Volume 6406-05, Nov. 28, 2006
- 55. 3. Examples of expected GCOM-C product - 3.3 VNR 250m land cover classification • SGLI’s 250m channels (11CHs from 380nm to 1640nm) and once/2-day observation and can improve the land cover classification. Classification to 25 class (IGBP: International Geosphere- Biosphere Program) using GLI 39 scenes (2003/04~2003/10) （provided by Dr. Nguyen Dinh Duong, VAST(Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology) 55
- 56. 3. Examples of expected GCOM-C product - 3.5 Thermal infrared 500m land and coastal observation • The 500m and 1000m spatial resolution thermal infrared images are simulated using ASTER data (original resolution is 90m) (Tokyo Bay in the night on August 4, 2003). • SGLI 500m-resolution thermal infrared channels will enable detection of fine structures such as land and coastal surface temperature influenced by the city and the river flows. 56
- 59. Recent status of GCOM-W1 • Project status – GCOM-W1 was approved to move to development phase (by SAC on August 8, 2007). – PDR was finished inJune, 2008. – AMSR2 CDR1 was finished on July, 2008. – AMSR2 deltaCDR was held on November. – System CDR was finished on Oct, 2009. – AMSR2 PQR was finished on Sep. 2010 – GCOM-W1 PQR was finished on June, 2011 – Current target launch date is Feb. 2012.
- 60. Recent status of GCOM-C1 • GCOM-C1 is under phase B. • GCOM-C1 was approved to go to a project within JAXA on July, 2008. • SGLI PDR was finished on Dec. 2009. • GCOM-C1 PDR was finished on Oct. 2010.
- 61. Research Announcements • First RA for GCOM-W1 was issued on Jan. 2008. • 35 PIs were selected. • First GCOM Symposium/Workshop was held on 13-15, Jan. 2009 in Yokohama. • First GCOM-C1 RA was issued on January, 2009. 28 PIs were selected. • PI workshop including GPM & EarthCare PIs was held on Dec., 2010. • Second RA for GCOM W1 is under review.
- 62. International Cooperation • Discussions on the cooperation with NPOESS is underway with NOAA • JAXA is proposing a joint science activity with NASA • Provision of a scatterometer on GCOM- W2 is under discussion with JPL and NOAA
- 63. New Scatterometer on GCOM-W2 • Dual Frequency Scatterometer (DFS) • Ku band and C band • around 2m aperture • All weather monitoring • All wind speed monitoring
- 64. AMSR3 on GCOM-W2 • Addition of scatterometer • Addition of high frequency channels (150- 190GHz) for solid precipitation and water vapor sounding • Also, join the A-train at least 1 year
- 67. Conclusions • AMSR2 will have the highest calibration capability within microwave imager. • AMSR-E products will be reprocessed after the cross calibration with AMSR2. • Long term high accuracy microwave imager products will be obtained.
- 68. Basic Law on Space • Basic Law on Space has passed the Parliament last June • Strategic Headquarters has been established (Minister level) • All the space activities will go under the Cabinet Office • Restructuring of JAXA • Increased budget?
- 69. Influence of Great East Japan Earthquake • GCOM-W1 PFM received no damage. • Testing facilities have some damage. • Testing facilities are now reopened. • Launcher also received some damage. • The new launch date is later than 14, Feb. 2012.