WE4.L10.1: OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL DATA IN 2010: CONNECTING GLOBAL AND LOCAL OBSERVATIONS
- 1. Remote Sensing & IGARSSA Look Back, A Look AheadKaren St.GermainWith Significant Contributions From:Paul Smits, David Kunkee, David Glackin, Steffan Fritz,Chris Roelfsema, Stuart Phinn & Liam GumleyJuly 20101
- 2. The Early Years – G-GEA small society called the Geoscience Electronics Group (G-GE) had formed and was busy broadening its scope
- 3. From 1961 to 1964 the society grew from its early emphasis on seismic activity
- 4. In 1964 established the first journal dedicated to natural phenomena and the electronic instrumentation to measure them
- 5. “Transactions on Geoscience Electronics”
- 6. By November 1968, the society was poised again to expand its scope through a call to arms – lead article entitled “Oceanographic Instrumentation: A Crisis of National Neglect,” by Harvey D. Kushner
- 7. Having established a presence in the fields of geophysics and oceanography, the society quickly moved into meteorology
- 8. By 1969, the young society was ready to plan its first Symposium and the predecessor of IGARSS came into existence (held annually for 3 years)
- 10. 63 Papers
- 11. 13 Technical Sessions covering oceanographic and meteorological remote sensing, seismology instrumentation, and environmental polution
- 12. The society expanded its scope one more time in 1973 to include data processing techniques, pattern recognition, and physics of underlying phenomenlogy2
- 13. The Early Years: NIMBUS3At the same time, the NIMBUS program was developing new experimental techniques for weather observation
- 14. Nimbus 5 (December 1972) and Nimbus 6 (June 1975) launched two microwave instruments
- 15. Electrically Scanning Microwave Radiometer (ESMR) for mapping the microwave radiation from the earth's surface and atmosphere (PI Dr. Thomas Wilheit)
- 16. Microwave Spectrometer (NEMS) for measuring tropospheric temperature profiles, water vapor, cloud liquid water and surface temperature (PI Dr. David Staelin)
- 17. Nimbus 7 (October 1978)launched the first Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) for sea surface temperature and near-surface (PI Dr. Per Gloerson)Mid-1970s: Microwaves Get Traction!!!The success of the NIMBUS program and a few early Skylab experiments indicate that there is a way to get a global view of the oceans
- 18. Everyonewants in on the action and a Users Working Group was established
- 19. The Navy (Office of the Oceanographer, Fleet Numerical, Navy Surface Weapons, Naval Research Lab, Office of Naval Research, and the Navy/NOAA Joint Ice Center)
- 20. NOAA (Atlantic Oceanic Marine Lab, Weather Center, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Marine Fisheries
- 23. The US Coast Guard
- 24. The Department of the Interior
- 25. Commercial Interests (shipping, fishing, mining, oil, and gas)
- 26. Requirements were developed and SeaSat – a NASA/JPL demonstration mission, was born4
- 27. SeaSat – A Microwave MissionScanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) – 6.6, 10.7, 18, 21, and 37 GHz
- 28. Ocean Wind Speed, Temperature
- 29. Atmospheric Water Vapor and Rain Rate
- 30. Polar Ice Cover
- 31. Ocean Topography and Wave Height
- 32. Seasat-A Satellite Scatterometer (SASS) – 14.6 GHz
- 33. Ocean Wind Speed and Direction
- 34. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) – 1.275 GHz
- 35. Ocean Surface Imagery (wave patterns)
- 36. Sea Ice Imagery
- 37. Coastal Region and Land Imagery
- 38. Radar Altimeter (ALT) – 13.5 GHz
- 39. Launch !!!!!
- 40. June 26, 1978Seasat was to provide the first truly global view of the World Oceans5
- 41. SeaSat – A Microwave MissionAfter a glorious 3 ½ months on orbit
- 42. Catastrophic failure of the electronic power system
- 43. BUT Seasat provided a wealth of data
- 44. SASS demonstrated the capabilities of a scatterometer to measure ocean winds
- 45. ALT and its predecessors demonstrated the capability of spaceborne altimeters to observe the global marine geoid
- 46. SAR demonstrated the unique potential to provide information about the health of the planet and its biodiversity
- 47. SMMR demonstrated the ability of scanning microwave radiometers to provide a wealth of ocean surface, land surface, and atmosphere productsIn its short life, Seasat demonstrated that a global view was possible6
- 48. Meanwhile back at the G-GE7In 1979, the Administrative Committee voted
- 49. Change the name of G-GE to the Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society (GRSS)
- 50. Change the name of the journal to Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing
- 51. This change was driven by FawwazUlaby, then a new member of the AdCom, in recognition of the strong linkage between the various geoscientific disciplines and the powerful techniques of remote sensing
- 52. Remote sensing was broadly defined to include space borne & airborne observations, as well as seismic recording devices and sonar ocean floor mappers
- 53. In 1980, now GRSS President FawwazUlaby proposed reinstating the annual symposium called IGARSS
- 54. Held in Washington DC, June 8-10, 1981
- 56. Sponsor sessions in all of the technical areas of interest to the society
- 57. In an effort to drive the international participation, IGARSS’82 was held in Munich, and the attendance held at 359IGARSS in the 1980sIn 1981, there were 2 full sessions dedicated to the SMMR on Nimbus-7 (launched October 1978, just as Seasat failed)
- 58. Throughout the 80’s IGARSS was propelling the community toward the operational viability of the capabilities demonstrated by Seasat and its predecessors
- 59. In 1985, the Navy launched Geosat – the follow-on to ALT
- 60. In 1987, the Air Force launched SSM/I – the follow-on to SMMR
- 61. In 1991, the European Space Agency launched ERS-1 – the follow-on to SASS
- 62. Between 1985 and 1995, no fewer than 7 Synthetic Aperature Radar missions were launched – all following on the Seasat SAR
- 63. By the time Vince Salomonson welcomed attendees to IGARSS 1990, the society had a full blown success on their hands
- 64. Grown to 10 parallel sessions over 4 days
- 65. Covering topics frominstrumentation techniques, to atmospheric observations, to early Global Change papers
- 66. Increasing focus on routine production of global data products, supporting both operational and science missions8
- 67. The Second Decade of IGARSS ushers in new operational capabilities and the advent of continuous global dataIn 1990, Remote Sensing was still largely a government led and funded activity
- 68. The 90s ushered in a broader focus within IGARSS
- 69. The emergence of Remote Sensing as a tool for National/International Policy –making
- 70. NASA once again pushed the state of the art with its Earth Observing System1998: NASA Earth Observing System Launches Terra !9
- 71. IGARSS 2000Plenary Session Speakers announced the critical role of remote sensing in enforcing the Kyoto Protocol
- 72. A new role for Remote Sensing
- 73. The MODIS instrument on EOS Terra storms onto the IGARSS stage10
- 74. Relationship of Remote Sensing to “Ground Truth” & Campaigns11Throughout the first 35 years of the field, Remote Sensing measurements were compared to in situ measurements
- 75. The bias toward believing that which we can put our hands on is evident in our choice of language “Ground Truth”GraduateStudentAnd, of course…
- 76. 2001-2010122002: EOS Aqua Launch!
- 77. AMSR brings low frequency radiometry back into the forefront
- 78. 2003: WindSat on Coriolis Launch !
- 79. First space borne demonstration of wind vector capability from passive microwave
- 80. Rapid increase in internet capacity and data standardization through GIS enables new approaches to data sharing
- 81. 2005: Google Earth released
- 82. 2007: First Iphone introduced2010 and Beyond: Citizen Scientists Add a New Dimension!13Growth in Citizen Science interest increases available “work force”
- 83. Smartphones enable data collection & upload
- 84. Webtools enable worldwide collaboration
- 85. Digital photography enables inexpensive “truth” data
- 86. Facts:
- 87. 250 Terabytes of high resolution images received from Earth Observation Satellites each day in 2009
- 88. 1.18 billion mobile cell phones sold worldwide in 2008
- 89. 400 million downloads of Google Earth – users contribute geospatial information
- 90. Sensors of all types are being integrated in garments and mobile units are commercially available
- 93. Heart rate
- 94. Humidity
- 95. Temperature
- 96. Noise Level14Coral Reef Habitat Mapping: Enabling Community Mapping and Monitoring Dr. Chris Roelfsema and Prof. Stuart Phinn, University of QueenslandNeed: Map coral reef habitats with high spatial resolution imagery and detailed field data.The challenge:Need for calibration &validation data; as coral reefs are remote, wet and cover large areas, so field data collection is challenging.Part of the solution:- Georeferenced photo snorkel/dive transect method - Assistance needs to be provided to communities to build data collection and analysis1 km
- 97. 15Coral Reef Habitat MappingTraining in: field data collection & analysis, to volunteers, rangers, students, researchers, technicians & dive instructors
- 98. image processing to locally based remote sensing techniciansOutcomes for user & community: Capacity building & ownership
- 99. Assessment of imagery + habitat map overlaid with georeferenced photosImagery and photo transectsHabitat map
- 100. GEO-Wiki16Dr. Steffen Fritz, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) Volunteers view both cropland and forest disagreement maps derived from three recent global land cover datasets GLC-2000, MODIS and GlobCover
- 101. Select and visualize high resolution images with Google Earth & upload or view geo-tagged field pictures (e.g., from Panoramio.com, Confluence.org)
- 102. Determine which land cover type is found on the ground and decide which dataset is correct1.Go to: igarss.geo-wiki.org2.3..17– For Official Use Only – Predecisional, Deliberative Information - Not for Public Release
- 103. SatCam application for iPhoneDr. Liam Gumley, Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin-MadisonSatCam allows the user community to take part in satellite cloud product validation by collecting coordinated sky, ground, and space observations.
- 105. Globo AmazoniaA Project by TV Globo, the largest network in Brazilwww.globoamazonia.com41 million reports in 3 months500,000 downloads of Orkut applicationIllegal Logging
- 106. Globo Amazonia: Real impactSenator uses evidence provided by Internet protestors to put forward legislation
- 107. DiscussionWhat will the next 10 years bring ???
- 108. Boom of micro satellites
- 109. Commercial Earth observing capacity increases dramatically
- 110. Governments change their roles from actively contributing to the EO capacity to overseeing and safeguarding the space infrastructures
- 111. Near-real time access to space and in-situ sensor data for scientists and public alike
- 112. Gaming industry takes on the VGI and Community Remote Sensing challenge22