PACE-IT, Security + 5.1: Summary of Authentication Services
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This document provides an overview of authentication services, outlining their role as the first step in the authorization process where requesters must validate their identities through credentials. It discusses various authentication protocols such as RADIUS, TACACS+, Kerberos, LDAP, and SAML, detailing their functionalities and security features. Additionally, the document mentions the integration of authentication services into AAA protocols that encompass authentication, authorization, and accounting for network resources.
PACE-IT, Security + 5.1: Summary of Authentication Services
- 2. Page 2 Instructor, PACE-IT Program – Edmonds Community College Areas of Expertise Industry Certifications PC Hardware Network Administration IT Project Management Network Design User Training IT Troubleshooting Qualifications Summary Education M.B.A., IT Management, Western Governor’s University B.S., IT Security, Western Governor’s University Entrepreneur, executive leader, and proven manger with 10+ years of experience turning complex issues into efficient and effective solutions. Strengths include developing and mentoring diverse workforces, improving processes, analyzing business needs and creating the solutions required— with a focus on technology.
- 3. Page 3 – Function and purpose of authentication services. – Authentication services. PACE-IT
- 4. Page 4 Summary of authentication services.
- 5. Page 5 A best practice in network security is to require authorization when access is desired either to the network or resources on the network. Authentication services are basically the first step in the authorization process. Authentication services require requesters to prove that they are who they say they are by the submission of some type of credentials (e.g., usernames and passwords). The service then examines the credentials against a database. The database will contain information on which credentials the authentication service will accept. If accepted, one of two things occurs—the authorization is granted or the authentication service passes the approved credentials to an authorization service. Summary of authentication services.
- 6. Page 6 Summary of authentication services.
- 7. Page 7 Authentication services may be part of an AAA (Authentication, Authorization and Accounting) protocol. AAA protocols will validate the credentials of the requester (authentication), grant access to the resource (authorization), and then log the requestor’s activity (accounting). All of these separate functions can be combined into a single protocol. In other cases, the individual services (i.e., authentication, authorization, and accounting) are actually separated. In this situation, the services will be set up in a manner in which they will pass information back and forth in order to form a holistic, secure environment. Summary of authentication services.
- 8. Page 8 – RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service). » A remote access service that is used to authenticate remote users and grant them access to authorized network resources. » It is a popular AAA protocol used to help ensure that only authenticated end users are using the network resources they are authorized to use. • The accounting features are very robust. » Only the requester’s (the end user’s) password is encrypted. – TACACS+ (Terminal Access Controller Access-Control System Plus). » A remote access service that is used to authenticate remote devices and grant them access to authorized network resources. » It is a popular AAA protocol used to help ensure that only authenticated remote network devices are using the network resources they are authorized to use. • The accounting features are not as robust as those of RADIUS. » All transmissions between devices are encrypted. Summary of authentication services.
- 9. Page 9 – Kerberos. » Authentication protocol, which uses TCP or UDP port 88. » A system of authentication and authorization that works well in environments that have a lot of clients. » The Key Distribution Center (KDC) is the main component. » The KDC has two parts—the authentication server (AS) and the Ticket-Granting Service (TGS). » When a user logs in, a hash of his or her username and password is sent to the AS; if the AS likes the hash, it responds with a ticket granting ticket (TGT) and a timestamp. » The client sends the TGT with timestamp to the TGS. » The TGS responds with a service ticket (can also be called an access token or just a token). » The service ticket (token) authorizes the user to access specific resources. » As long as the TGT is still valid, the TGS will grant authorization by issuing a new service ticket. Summary of authentication services.
- 10. Page 10 – LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol). » A directory service protocol that can be used to authenticate clients. • LDAP requests are sent over TCP port 389. » Applications that are LDAP compliant will validate (authenticate) the client and then retrieve the requested information stored in the directory. – Secure LDAP. » Encrypted version of LDAP using SSL (Secure Socket Layer) over TCP port 636. • All communication between the client and LDAP is secure. – SAML (Security Assertion Markup Language). » An XML (Extensible Markup Language) standard that is used to allow systems to exchange authentication and authorization information. Summary of authentication services.
- 11. Page 11 Summary of authentication services. Authentication services are the first step in the authorization process. Authentication services check to ensure that requesters are who they claim to be through a process of validating the requesters’ credentials (e.g., usernames and passwords) against information contained in a database. If the credentials are accepted, they are then passed onto the authorization service. If the credentials are rejected, so is the requester. Topic Function and purpose of authentication services. Summary Authentication services may form part of an AAA protocol. AAA protocols will perform authentication, authorization, and accounting services for networks and network resources. Popular authentication services include: RADIUS, TACACS+, Kerberos, LDAP, Secure LDAP, and SAML. Authentication services.
- 13. This workforce solution was 100 percent funded by a $3 million grant awarded by the U.S. Department of Labor's Employment and Training Administration. The solution was created by the grantee and does not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Labor. The Department of Labor makes no guarantees, warranties, or assurances of any kind, express or implied, with respect to such information, including any information on linked sites and including, but not limited to, accuracy of the information or its completeness, timeliness, usefulness, adequacy, continued availability or ownership. Funded by the Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration, Grant #TC-23745-12-60-A-53. PACE-IT is an equal opportunity employer/program and auxiliary aids and services are available upon request to individuals with disabilities. For those that are hearing impaired, a video phone is available at the Services for Students with Disabilities (SSD) office in Mountlake Terrace Hall 159. Check www.edcc.edu/ssd for office hours. Call 425.354.3113 on a video phone for more information about the PACE-IT program. For any additional special accommodations needed, call the SSD office at 425.640.1814. Edmonds Community College does not discriminate on the basis of race; color; religion; national origin; sex; disability; sexual orientation; age; citizenship, marital, or veteran status; or genetic information in its programs and activities.