Package management and creation in Gentoo Linux
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Gentoo Linux uses Portage for package management and software installation. Portage allows for compiling packages from source code with customizable build options. It features USE flags to selectively include features, parallel builds, binary package support, and tools that make maintenance and upgrades easy. Ebuilds define how to build and install packages and have evolved through several EAPI stages to support new features.
![EAPI 2
• SRC_URI arrows
• http://bar/foo.tar → foo.tar.gz
• USE dependencies
• DEPEND=dev-libs/foo[flag]
• [flag]
• [-flag]
• [flag=]
• [?flag=]
• [flag?]
• [!flag?]
• sci-biology/arb/arb-5.1.ebuild](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/gentoopackaging-130204051404-phpapp01/85/Package-management-and-creation-in-Gentoo-Linux-16-320.jpg)
![EAPI 5
• usex [true1] [false1] [true2]
[false2]
• true1, false1 default to yes, no
• (do|new)header
• new* read from stdin
• EBUILD_PHASE_FUNC
• Current ebuild phase
• Stable USE masking/forcing](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/gentoopackaging-130204051404-phpapp01/85/Package-management-and-creation-in-Gentoo-Linux-22-320.jpg)
![EAPI 6?
bugs.gentoo.org/174380
Gentoo Hosted Projects →
PMS/EAPI
Summary: [Future EAPI]
Blocks: future-eapi](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/gentoopackaging-130204051404-phpapp01/85/Package-management-and-creation-in-Gentoo-Linux-23-320.jpg)
Package management and creation in Gentoo Linux
- 1. Package management and creation in Gentoo Linux Donnie Berkholz Council Member & Sr. Developer Gentoo Linux dberkholz@gentoo.org @dberkholz
- 2. Me in Gentoo The old me The new me Blah, blah, blah..
- 3. History
- 4. Overview Flickr: Liam Quinn
- 5. Gentoo PM goals • Beautiful and colorful despite CLI • Fully automated software installation • Extremely easy maintenance • Available in most architectures and OS's
- 6. Gentoo PM goals(con't) • Configuration file protection and automerge • Advantages of compiling from source • Multiple versions/implementations handling • Binary package support
- 7. Portage features • Customization of CFLAGS, LDFLAGS • USE flags (more on that later) • Various optional FEATURES • Protection for live system • FEATURES sandbox, collision- protect, protect-owned • Compilation acceleration • FEATURES ccache, distcc • System trimming • FEATURES nodoc, noman, noinfo • INSTALL_MASK
- 8. Portage features (con't) • Parallelization support • --jobs=JOBS --load-average=LOAD • MAKEOPTS='-jN' • FEATURES parallel-fetch • Auto resuming after failure • --keep-going • Blocker automatic solving • com_err and ss V.S. e2fsprogs-libs • Debugging support • CFLAGS "-g3 -ggdb3 -gdwarf-2" • FEATURES keepwork, nostrip, splitdebug, installsources
- 9. Portage features (con't) • Embedded system support • Features in portage 2.2 • License filtering • Generic package sets • FEATURES preserve-libs
- 10. Portage tree • Gentoo's software repository • One of the largest • Branches • Overlays
- 11. Ebuild file • Defines variables and functions used to build/install software • KEYWORDS • SLOT • DEPEND, RDEPEND, PDEPEND • LICENSE, SRC_URI • Functions - src_unpack(), src_compile(), src_install() • Eclasses
- 12. USE flags • Map onto ./configure options • Defaults defined by profile • Define your own in addition to defaults • Install only what you want • Example: • USE="-gnome kde qt -arts -nls"
- 13. EAPI: Ebuild API • EAPI 0: Forever... • EAPI 1: Nov 2007 • EAPI 2: Sept 2008 • EAPI 3: Jan 2010 • EAPI 4: Jan 2011 • EAPI 5: Sept 2012
- 15. EAPI 1 • IUSE defaults • IUSE=+foo • SLOT dependencies • DEPEND=dev-libs/foo:slotname • dev-vcs/statcvs/ statcvs-0.4.0-r1.ebuild
- 16. EAPI 2 • SRC_URI arrows • http://bar/foo.tar → foo.tar.gz • USE dependencies • DEPEND=dev-libs/foo[flag] • [flag] • [-flag] • [flag=] • [?flag=] • [flag?] • [!flag?] • sci-biology/arb/arb-5.1.ebuild
- 17. EAPI 2 • Blocker syntax • !dev-libs/foo • !!dev-libs/foo • Granular builds • src_configure() from compile • src_prepare() from unpack • Defaults for phase functions • e.g. default_src_unpack() • Also default() • x11-libs/cairo/cairo- 1.8.10.ebuild
- 18. EAPI 3 • Prefix support • Unpacking of .xz archives • media-gfx/graphviz/graphviz- 2.26.3-r3.ebuild
- 19. EAPI 4 • pkg_pretend() • src_install() not empty by default • pkg_info() on uninstalled pkgs • USE dependency defaults • flag+ flag- • For flags not in IUSE • nonfatal prefix for commands • PROPERTIES (=interactive) • dev-vcs/git/git-1.8.1.ebuild
- 20. EAPI 4 (cont.) • REQUIRED_USE: DEPEND for USE • flag1? (!flag2) • flag1? ( || ( flag2 flag3 ) ) • ^^ ( flag1 flag2 ) • MERGE_TYPE=(source|binary|etc) • REPLACING_VERSIONS, REPLACED_BY_VERSION • dev-db/mongodb/mongodb-2.2.2- r1.ebuild • x11-libs/cairo/cairo- 1.12.8.ebuild
- 21. EAPI 5 • Sub-slots • Upgrade requires downstream package rebuilds • SLOT=2/2.30 • Slot operator dependencies • DEPEND=dev-libs/foo:* • DEPEND=dev-libs/foo:= • Profile IUSE injection • At-most-one-of USE groups • ?? ( flag1 flag2 ) • x11-wm/xmonad/xmonad-0.11.ebuild
- 22. EAPI 5 • usex [true1] [false1] [true2] [false2] • true1, false1 default to yes, no • (do|new)header • new* read from stdin • EBUILD_PHASE_FUNC • Current ebuild phase • Stable USE masking/forcing
- 23. EAPI 6? bugs.gentoo.org/174380 Gentoo Hosted Projects → PMS/EAPI Summary: [Future EAPI] Blocks: future-eapi
- 24. Package management and creation in Gentoo Linux Donnie Berkholz Council Member & Sr. Developer Gentoo Linux dberkholz@gentoo.org @dberkholz
- 25. <http://dev.gentoo.org/~dberkholz/IntroToGentoo.odp> Copyright 2006–2013 Rajiv Manglani, Zhang Le, Donnie Berkholz. Some rights reserved. The Gentoo Linux logo is Copyright 2002 Gentoo Foundation, used with permission. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike License. To view a copy of this license, visit < http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0> or send a letter to Creative Commons, 559 Nathan Abbott Way, Stanford, California 94305, USA.