Pairwise kinship analysis - By the Index Of Chromosome Sharing Using Single Nucleotide Polymorphism
- 1. PAIRWISE KINSHIP ANALYSIS BY THE INDEX OF CHROMOSOME SHARING USING SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM BY : PARTH CHAUHAN BSc. (H) Forensic Science Amity University , Gurgaon , India
- 2. “The aim to find a new approach of doing Kinship analysis up to 5th degree relationship between two individuals in a population or a society.” WHY TO RESEARCH NEED TO PERFORM RESEARCH - • In current forensic case work, Paternity analysis and forensic DNA - typing using 15 STR loci is used which detect only 1st degree relationship between individuals . • Lacking in identification of relationships beyond Parent-child or child- sibling . • In case of wide area disaster for e.g. FLOOD, CYCLONE, etc. 1st degree of kinship analysis is insufficient.
- 3. Table defining the degree of relationship basically 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th degree relatives
- 4. METHODS OF FINDING KINSHIP BETWEEN THE INDIVIDUALS ARE - LR is the Likelihood Ratio that a given test result could be expected in a patient with target disorder Compared to the likelihood that the same result would be expected in a patient without the target disorder. LIKELIHOOD RATIO :- POSTERIOR PROBABILITY :- The revised probability of an event occurring after taken into consideration new information.
- 5. GADGETS USED : • Human core-12/24 bead chip used for DNA microarray in human genome with 2304 samples at a time. • DNA Isolation and Stabilization kits, enables high yields of pure, intact DNA to be collected easily and quickly.
- 6. A GLIMPSE ON SNP • Are found in coding (mostly) and non coding regions. • The abundance of SNP and ease with which they can be measured make these genetic variation significant. • SNPs close to particular gene act as marker for that gene. • SNPs in coding region may alter the protein structure made by the coding region.
- 7. PROCESSING 1. DNA extraction from individuals (taken two as a pair). 2. SNP typing by SNP microarray giving 174,254 SNPs 3. Investigating the IBS segment 4. Formation of Index By Chromosome Sharing (ICS). 5. Genetic length prediction 6. Kinship prediction by methods above.
- 8. THE ICS BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL PAIRS • ICSc and ICSl termed as ICS for collateral relatives and ICS for lineal relatives . • The threshold value (Th) for C-Th and L-Th taken as 4cM and 3cM respectively. • Calculated the ics(Th) values from computationally generated genotypes from the survey of 249 families and taken half of the ICS values in the chart into consideration. • C-1 is siblings ,C-2 is uncle-nephew, C-3 is first cousin, C-4 is first cousin once removed and C-2 is second cousin and three types of L relationships are parent- child(L-1), grandparent –grandchild(L-2) and great grandparent – great grandchild(L-3). • They also taken 15 UN pairs for a sample to analyze .
- 9. REFERENCES • Pairwise Kinship Analysis by the Index of Chromosome Sharing Using High- Density Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms - http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0160287 • Likelihood Ratio - https://www.cebm.net/2014/02/likelihood-ratios/ • Posterior Probability - https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/posterior- probability.asp • Human core Bead chips - https://www.illumina.com/products/by- type/microarray-kits/infinium-core.html • DNA buccal swabs -http://www.isohelix.com/products/isohelix-dna-buccal- swabs/?gclid=Cj0KCQiA2Y_UBRCGARIsALglqQ2x9w6QZb16i8DAuHnKiHnFyZ_- vnb1K4rsM0q1ayY7wSGzLZsrTDMaArwtEALw_wcB • SNP - https://www.slideshare.net/chandanhaldar750/snp-47788728
- 10. THANK YOU