Paper chromatography(final)
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Paper chromatography is a method to separate components of a mixture using a stationary and mobile phase. It was introduced in 1865 and involves using specialized paper as the stationary phase and a solvent as the mobile phase. There are two main types - paper partition chromatography where the paper acts as the adsorbent, and paper adsorption chromatography where moisture in the paper acts as the stationary phase. Separation is mainly based on partition between the mobile and stationary phases. Different modes include ascending, descending, radial, and two-dimensional development depending on the solvent flow direction. The Rf value indicates the distance traveled by each component relative to the solvent front.
Paper chromatography(final)
- 2. Chromatography It is a method of separating components of a mixture by differential movement through a two-phase system: the mobile phase and the secondary phase. This movement is effected by the flow of a liquid or a gas ( mobile phase ) which percolates through an adsorbent ( secondary phase ).
- 4. Paper Chromatography Paper chromatography was first introduced by the German scientist, Christian Friedrich Schonbein in 1865. It is a type of a planar chromatography. It is the simplest and widely used type of chromatography procedures which runs on a specialized paper.
- 5. Two principles of Paper Chromatography: Paper Partition Chromatography Paper Adsorption Chromatography Paper impregnated with silica or alumina acts as the adsorbent ( stationary phase) and solvent as the mobile phase. The moisture or water present in the pores of the cellulose fibers present in the filter paper acts as the stationary phase and another solvent as the mobile phase. IN GENERAL, PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY = PAPER PARTITION CHROMATOGRAPHY
- 6. The principle of Separation The principle of separation is mainly partition rather than adsorption.
- 7. Paper Chromatography has different types or modes: Ascending chromatography: As the name indicates, the chromatogram ascends. Here the development of paper occurs due the solvent movement or travel in upward direction on the paper. Descending chromatography: Here the development of paper occurs due to solvent travel downwards on the paper. Ascending- descending mode: Here solvent first travels upwards and then down wards on the paper.
- 8. Radial mode: Here the solvent travels from center(mid point) towards periphery of Circular chromatography paper. Two dimensional chromatography: Here the chromatogram development occurs in two directions at right angles.
- 9. Rf ( Retention Factor )Value distance traveled by component from application point Rf = ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- distance traveled by solvent from application point
- 10. How to Perform Paper Chromatography?
- 11. 1. Preparing the Paper Strips • Cut the filter paper into 5 x4 measurement. • Draw a line 0.5 cm above the bottom edge of the strip with the pencil. • Label each strip with its corresponding solution. • • Place a spot from each pen on your starting line.
- 12. 2. Developing the Chromatograms • Place the strips in the beakers. • Make sure the solution does not come above your start line. • Keep the beakers covered. • Let strips develop until the ascending solution front is about 2 cm from the top of the strip. • Remove the strips and let them dry.
- 13. Paper Chromatography result I- Blue II- Yellow III- Green 3. Calculate the Rf value and make conclusions.
- 14. How does Paper Chromatography work?
- 16. Property of the Paper
- 17. Attraction of the water molecules to the molecules of the glucose in the paper
- 18. Water molecules thoroughly scattered throughout the paper
- 19. Property of dye: Smaller- rise up faster than the bigger dye molecule
- 20. Dye molecules with more amount of charge rise up faster than the other one that did not
- 21. Dipole-dipole interaction of water molecules ( polar ) and dye molecules ( polar )