Paradigm Shift: A Slate of New Automation Platforms address Current and Future Library Realities
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This document discusses the emergence of new library automation platforms that address the current and future realities of libraries. It notes that legacy library management systems were designed for print collections and have not fully evolved to manage the growing proportions of electronic resources in libraries. New library services platforms aim for a more unified approach to managing all types of library resources and materials. The document provides an overview of these new platforms and how they differ from traditional library management systems, as well as the progress of their development and adoption in libraries. It forecasts that these new platforms will have a long-term impact on the library automation industry.
Paradigm Shift: A Slate of New Automation Platforms address Current and Future Library Realities
- 1. PARADIGM SHIFT:A SLATE OF NEW AUTOMATION PLATFORMS ADDRESS CURRENT AND FUTURE LIBRARY REALITIES Marshall Breeding Director for Innovative Technology and Research Vanderbilt University Library Founder and Publisher, Library Technology Guides http://www.librarytechnology.org/ http://twitter.com/mbreeding 17 April 2012 MmIT National Conference
- 2. Abstract The operations of libraries focus on ever increasing proportions and electronic and digital content relative to print materials. The structure of the legacy library management systems that dominated the last three or more decades of library automation was rooted in print, though some products have evolved better than others to accommodate modern content formats. The established worldview that libraries can rely on one set of automation tools for print and another set for managing digital collections and electronic subscriptions is in danger of collapse in favor of library services platforms that aim toward a more unified approach to resource management. Breeding will provide an overview of the new library automation products now emerging and how they differ amongst themselves and from traditional library management systems. He will also provide information on the development progress of each of these new products and any trends relative to their adoption in libraries and forecast their longer term impact on the library automation industry.
- 6. Lib-web-cats extended for RFID Products
- 9. ILS Turnover Report -- Reverse
- 11. International Perceptions Survey http://www.librarytechnology.org/perceptions2011.pl
- 12. Library Journal Automation Marketplace Published annually in April 1 issue Based on data provided by each vendor Focused primarily on North America Context of global library automation market
- 13. Annual Industry report published in Library Journal: 2012: Agents of Change 2011: New Frontier: battle intensifies to win hearts, minds and tech dollars 2010: New Models, Core Systems 2009: Investing in the Future 2008: Opportunity out of turmoil 2007: An industry redefined 2006: Reshuffling the deck 2005: Gradual evolution 2004: Migration down, innovation up 2003: The competition heats up 2002: Capturing the migrating customer LJ Automation Marketplace
- 14. Agents of Change… As development efforts near completion on a new slate of automation products, vendors are beginning to pull out all the stops to monetize them. A new round of competition is heating up to place these new products in libraries, replacing their own legacy products and aiming to displace those of other companies.
- 15. Recent ILS Industry Contracts Company Product 2009 2010 2011 OCLC WorldShare Management Services 184 Innovative Interfaces Sierra 206 Ex Libris Alma 8 24 SirsiDynix Symphony - 126 122 Innovative Interfaces, Inc. Millennium 45 39 32 The Library Corporation Library.Solution 30 43 48 Ex Libris Aleph 47 39 25 VTLS Inc. Virtua 18 22 13 Polaris Library Systems Polaris ILS 33 23 53 Biblionix Apollo 55 87 79 ByWater Solutions Koha 7 44 54 PTFS LibLime LibLime Academic Koha 7 PTFS LibLime LibLime Koha 44 27 Equinox Software Evergreen 18 15 21
- 16. Appropriate Automation Infrastructure Current automation products out of step with current realities Majority of library collection funds spent on electronic content Majority of automation efforts support print activities Management of e-content continues with inadequate supporting infrastructure New discovery solutions help with access to e- content Library users expect more engaging socially aware interfaces for Web and mobile
- 17. “Paradigm Shift” Thomas S. Kuhn The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962) Properly used to describe the major transitions such as that from the Ptolemaic view to that of Copernicus Used less properly to designate less grand shifts in science, culture, or technology
- 18. Transition to Web-scale Technologies Web-scale: a characterization or marketing tag that denotes a comprehensive, highly- scalable, globally shared model Web-scale: One of the key characteristics of emerging library management and discovery services Displaces applications or data models targeting individual libraries in isolation Discovery: index-based search Management: Library Services Platforms
- 20. Cloud Computing Major trend in Information Technology Term “in the cloud” has devolved into marketing hype, but cloud computing in the form of multi-tenant software as a service offers libraries opportunities to break out of individual silos of automation and engage in widely shared cooperative systems Opportunities for libraries to leverage their combined efforts into large-scale systems with more end-user impact and organizational efficiencies
- 21. Fundamental technology shift Mainframe computing Client/Server Cloud Computing http://www.flickr.com/photos/carrick/61952845/ http://soacloudcomputing.blogspot.com/2008/10/cloud-computing.html http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-10-2001/jw-1019-jxta.html
- 22. Library Automation in the Cloud Almost all library automation vendors offer some form of “cloud-based” services Server management moves from library to Vendor Subscription-based business model Comprehensive annual subscription payment Offsets local server purchase and maintenance Offsets some local technology support
- 23. Software as a Service Multi Tennant SaaS is the modern approach One copy of the code base serves multiple sites Software functionality delivered entirely through Web interfaces No workstation clients Upgrades and fixes deployed universally Usually in small increments
- 24. Data as a service SaaS provides opportunity for highly shared data models WorldCat: one globally shared copy that serves all libraries Primo Central: central index of articles maintained by Ex Libris shared by all libraries implementing Primo / Primo Central KnowledgeWorks database of e-journal holdings shared among all customers of Serials Solutions products General opportunity to move away from library-by- library metadata management to globally shared workflows
- 25. Leveraging the Cloud Moving legacy systems to hosted services provides some savings to individual institutions but does not result in dramatic transformation Globally shared data and metadata models have the potential to achieve new levels of operational efficiencies and more powerful discovery and automation scenarios that improve the position of libraries overall.
- 26. Is the status quo sustainable? ILS for management of (mostly) print Duplicative financial systems between library and campus Electronic Resource Management (non-integrated with ILS) OpenURL Link Resolver w/ knowledge base for access to full-text electronic articles Digital Collections Management platforms (CONTENTdm, DigiTool, etc.) Institutional Repositories (DSpace, Fedora, etc.) Discovery-layer services for broader access to library collections No effective integration services / interoperability among disconnected systems, non-aligned metadata schemes
- 27. Integrated (for print) Library System Circulation BIB Staff Interfaces: Holding / Items Circ Transact User Vendor Policies $$$ Funds Cataloging Acquisitions Serials Online Catalog Public Interfaces: Interfaces Business Logic Data Stores
- 28. LMS / ERM: Fragmented Model Circulation BIB Staff Interfaces: Holding / Items Circ Transact User Vendor Policies $$$ Funds CatalogingAcquisitionsSerials Online Catalog Public Interfaces: Application Programming Interfaces ` License Management License Terms E-resource Procurement Vendors E-Journal Titles Protocols: CORE
- 29. Common approach for ERM Circulation BIB Staff Interfaces: Holding / Items Circ Transact User Vendor Policies $$$ Funds CatalogingAcquisitionsSerials Online Catalog Public Interfaces: Application Programming Interfaces Budget License Terms Titles / Holdings Vendors Access Details
- 30. Comprehensive Resource Management No longer sensible to use different software platforms for managing different types of library materials ILS + ERM + OpenURL Resolver + Digital Asset management, etc. very inefficient model Flexible platform capable of managing multiple type of library materials, multiple metadata formats, with appropriate workflows
- 31. Libraries need a new model of library automation Not an Integrated Library System or Library Management System The ILS/LMS was designed to help libraries manage print collections Generally did not evolve to manage electronic collections Other library automation products evolved: Electronic Resource Management Systems – OpenURL Link Resolvers – Digital Library Management Systems -- Institutional Repositories
- 32. Library Services Platform Library-specific software. Designed to help libraries automate their internal operations, manage collections, fulfillment requests, and deliver services Services Service oriented architecture Exposes Web services and other API’s Facilitates the services libraries offer to their users Platform General infrastructure for library automation Consistent with the concept of Platform as a Service Library programmers address the APIs of the platform to extend functionality, create connections with other systems, dynamically interact with data
- 33. Library Services Platform Characteristics Highly Shared data models Knowledgebase architecture Some may take hybrid approach to accommodate local data stores Delivered through software as a service Multi-tenant Unified workflows across formats and media Flexible metadata management MARC – Dublin Core – VRA – MODS – ONIX New structures not yet invented Open APIs for extensibility and interoperability
- 34. Beyond the legacy Library Management System Find a new term for the successor to the LMS Library Management System now viewed as print-centric Need to designate a name for the new genre of automation products
- 35. Open Systems Achieving openness has risen as the key driver behind library technology strategies Libraries need to do more with their data Ability to improve customer experience and operational efficiencies Demand for Interoperability Open source – full access to internal program of the application Open API’s – expose programmatic interfaces to data and functionality
- 36. Consolidatedindex Unified Presentation LayerSearch: Digital Coll ProQue st EBSCO … JSTOR Other Resourc es New Library Management Model ` API Layer Library Services Platform Learning Managemen t Enterprise Resource Planning Stock Managemen t Self-Check / Automated Return Authenticati on Service Smart Cad / Payment systems
- 37. Library Services Platforms Category WorldShare Managemen t Services Alma Intota Sierra Services Platform Kuali OLE Responsible Organization OCLC. Ex Libris Serials Solutions Innovative Interfaces, Inc Kuali Foundation Key precepts Global network-level approach to management and discovery. Consolidate workflows, unified manageme nt: print, electronic, digital; Hybrid data model Knowledgeb ase driven. Pure multi- tenant SaaS Service- oriented architecture Technology uplift for Millennium ILS. More open source components, consolidated modules and workflows Manage library resources in a format agnostic approach. Integration into the broader academic enterprise infrastructure
- 38. Development Schedule WorldShare Management Services Alma Intota Sierra Services Platform Kuali OLE General Release in July 2011 38 now in production Development partners now in Release 5 General Release expected mid-2012 Phase I: Late in 2012; Libraries in production by 2014 Phase 1: Mid- 2012 with full Millennium functionality; subsequent phases that expand model Version 1.0 expected Dec 2012 Partners begin migration in 2013
- 39. Development Resources Company Dev Sup Sales Admin Other Total Ex Libris 170 231 54 44 13 512 Follett Software Company 87 143 86 49 0 365 Innovative Interfaces, Inc. 83 158 43 24 3 311 SirsiDynix Corporation 84 166 51 23 56 380 Serials Solutions 80 50 46 4 57 237 Axiell 57 66 34 35 34 226 The Library Corporation 39 91 28 13 28 199 Polaris Library Systems 27 42 15 2 86 VTLS Inc. 24 48 12 8 18 110 Koha ByWater Solutions 3 12 3 3 1 13 Catalyst IT 3 BibLibre 4 3 Koha Total (estimated) 15
- 40. Development / Deployment perspective Beginning of a new cycle of transition Over the course of the next decade, academic libraries will replace their current legacy products with new platforms Not just a change of technology but a substantial change in the ways that libraries manage their resources and deliver their services
- 41. Recent ILS Industry Contracts Company Product 2009 2010 2011 OCLC WorldShare Management Services 184 Innovative Interfaces Sierra 206 Ex Libris Alma 8 24 SirsiDynix Symphony - 126 122 Innovative Interfaces, Inc. Millennium 45 39 32 The Library Corporation Library.Solution 30 43 48 Ex Libris Aleph 47 39 25 VTLS Inc. Virtua 18 22 13 Polaris Library Systems Polaris ILS 33 23 53 Biblionix Apollo 55 87 79 ByWater Solutions Koha 7 44 54 PTFS LibLime LibLime Academic Koha 7 PTFS LibLime LibLime Koha 44 27 Equinox Software Evergreen 18 15 21
- 42. Traditional Proprietary Commercial ILS Aleph, Voyager, Millennium, Symphony, Polaris, BOOK-IT, DDELibra, Libra.se LIBERO, Amlib, Spydus, TOTALS II, Talis Alto, OpenGalaxy Traditional Open Source ILS Evergreen, Koha New generation Library Services Platforms Ex Libris Alma Kuali OLE (Enterprise, not cloud) OCLC WorldShare Management Services, Serials Solutions Intota Innovative Interfaces Sierra (evolving) Competing Models of Library Automation
- 43. A New Generation of Resource Discovery
- 44. Online Catalog Books, Journals, and Media at the Title Level Not in scope: Articles Book Chapters Digital objects Scope of Search Search: Search Results ILS Data
- 45. Next-gen Catalogs or Discovery Interface Single search box Query tools Did you mean Type-ahead Relevance ranked results Faceted navigation Enhanced visual displays Cover art Summaries, reviews, Recommendation services Books, Journals, and Media at the Title Level Other local and open access content Not in scope: Articles Book Chapters Digital objects Scope of Search
- 46. Discovery Interface search model Search: Digital Collections ProQuest EBSCOhost … MLA Bibliography ABC-CLIO Search Results Real-time query and responses ILS Data Local Index MetaSearch Engine
- 48. Discovery from Local to Web- scale Initial products focused on interface improvements AquaBrowser, Endeca, Primo, Encore, VuFind, LIBERO Uno, Civica Sorcer, Axiell Arena Mostly locally-installed software Current phase is focused on pre-populated indexes that aim to deliver Web-scale discovery Primo Central (Ex Libris) Summon (Serials Solutions) WorldCat Local (OCLC) EBSCO Discovery Service (EBSCO) Encore with Article Integration (no index, though)
- 49. Web-scale Index-based Discovery Search: Digital Collections ProQuest EBSCOhost … MLA Bibliography ABC-CLIO Search Results Pre-built harvesting and indexing ConsolidatedIndex ILS Data
- 50. Challenge for Relevancy Technically feasible to index hundreds of millions or billions of records through Lucene or SOLR Difficult to order records in ways that make sense Many fairly equivalent candidates returned for any given query Must rely on use-based and social factors to improve relevancy rankings
- 51. Challenges for Collection Coverage To work effectively, discovery services need to cover comprehensively the body of content represented in library collections What about publishers that do not participate? Is content indexed at the citation or full-text level? What are the restrictions for non-authenticated users? How can libraries understand the differences in coverage among competing services?
- 52. Evaluating the Coverage of Index- based Discovery Services Intense competition: how well the index covers the body of scholarly content stands as a key differentiator Difficult to evaluate based on numbers of items indexed alone. Important to ascertain now your library’s content packages are represented by the discovery service. Important to know what items are indexed by citation and which are full text Important to know whether the discovery service favors the content of any given publisher
- 53. Open Discovery Initiative NISO Work Group to Develop Standards and Recommended Practices for Library Discovery Services Based on Indexed Search Informal meeting called at ALA Annual 2011 Co-Chaired by Marshall Breeding and Jenny Walker Term: Dec 2011 – May 2013
- 54. Open Discovery Initiative stakeholders Libraries: provide discovery services on behalf of their patrons Publishers: provide content to be indexed by discovery services Discovery Service Provides: develop discovery interfaces and populate indexes
- 55. ODI Project Goals: Identify … needs and requirements of the three stakeholder groups in this area of work. Create recommendations and tools to streamline the process by which information providers, discovery service providers, and librarians work together to better serve libraries and their users. Provide effective means for librarians to assess the level of participation by information providers in discovery services, to evaluate the breadth and depth of content indexed and the degree to which this content is made available to the user.
- 56. Convergence Discovery and Management solutions will increasingly be implemented as matched sets Ex Libris: Primo / Alma Serials Solutions: Summon / Intota OCLC: WorldCat Local / WorldShare Platform Except: Kuali OLE, EBSCO Discovery Service Both depend on an ecosystem of interrelated knowledge bases API’s exposed to mix and match, but efficiencies and synergies are lost