Paraphrase and Quotation
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This document discusses paraphrasing, summarizing, and quoting sources. It defines paraphrasing as restating the meaning of a source in your own words to avoid plagiarism. Summarizing involves picking out the most important ideas from a source and paraphrasing them, along with occasional quotations. Quotations should only be used sparingly and should be integrated into your own sentences. Proper attribution through parenthetical citations is required for paraphrasing, summarizing, and quoting to avoid plagiarism.
![Quotation
[Brackets] are used where words are added or
substituted for clarity
Original text by Amy Brown:
In order to travel with complete safety, one
must educate oneself carefully, following the
rules designed by the experts.
Sample quotation:
According to Amy Brown, “educate [yourself]
carefully, following rules designed by the
experts” (432).](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/paraphrasequotation-170104000008/85/Paraphrase-and-Quotation-10-320.jpg)
Paraphrase and Quotation
- 1. Paraphrase and Quotation TSL 022
- 2. Paraphrase Definition: A restatement of speech or writing that retains the basic meaning while changing the words, particularly to achieve greater clarity. Paraphrasing is done in writing to avoid PLAGIARISM
- 3. Paraphrase • Paraphrasing is done in writing to avoid PLAGIARISM • Summarizing involves picking out the most important ideas and paraphrasing them (along with an occasional quotation)
- 4. Paraphrase Steps: 1. Read the text. 2. Make notes. 3. Select the part that is relevant to your writing task. 4. Highlight the key words and find synonyms, where possible. 5. Rearrange the word order 6. Write out the sentence.
- 5. Paraphrase Example: “It’s increasingly clear that the biggest roadblock to improving the achievement of U.S. students is violence and disorder in our schools.” Albert Shanker
- 6. Paraphrase Rearranging Word Order: Albert Shanker believes that clearly, we can increasingly realize that disorder and violence constitute the biggest roadblock for U.S. schools who want to improve their students’ achievement. Literal Paraphrase: According to Albert Shanker, it becomes constantly more apparent that the largest hurdle to bettering the performance of American students is violent and disorderly behavior in our schools.
- 7. Paraphrase Some good paraphrases: 1. Albert Shanker argues that it is becoming more and more obvious that if we want to improve the academic performance of American students, we must first banish violence from our classrooms and re-establish order. 2. According to Albert Shanker, permitting disruptive and violent students to remain in American classrooms is the main thing that is preventing our students from learning more effectively.
- 8. Quotation • Quotations are used sparingly • Quote the following: memorable language (elegant, powerful) clear, concise language (well said) authoritative language (experts)
- 9. Quotation Example - original text by Amy Brown: In order to travel with complete safety, one must educate oneself carefully, following the rules designed by the experts. Sample quotation: According to Amy Brown, the safest way to travel is by “following the rules designed by the experts” (432).
- 10. Quotation [Brackets] are used where words are added or substituted for clarity Original text by Amy Brown: In order to travel with complete safety, one must educate oneself carefully, following the rules designed by the experts. Sample quotation: According to Amy Brown, “educate [yourself] carefully, following rules designed by the experts” (432).
- 11. Summary, paraphrase and quotation What do summaries, paraphrases, and quotes allow writers to do? They are 3 ways of incorporating other writers' ideas into your own writing.
- 12. Summary, paraphrase and quotation • A Summary: – Is a general restatement of the main idea of a passage. – Is the most general of the three techniques. – Requires that you clearly understand the original passage so you do not distort its meaning. – Uses your own original wording and sentence structure—otherwise, it’s plagiarism. – Is much shorter in length than the original. – Requires a parenthetical citation—otherwise, it’s plagiarism. • A parenthetical citation consists of the author’s last name and the page number(s) of the borrowed material in parentheses. For example: (Smith 12).
- 13. Summary, paraphrase and quotation • A Paraphrase: – Is a precise restatement of a short passage—usually no more than a sentence or two. – Is more specific than summary, but more general than a quotation – Requires that you clearly understand the original passage so you do not distort its meaning. – Uses your own original wording and sentence structure—otherwise, it’s plagiarism. – Is usually very close to the same length as the original passage. – Requires a parenthetical citation—otherwise, it’s plagiarism.
- 14. Summary, paraphrase and quotation • A Quotation: – Is identical to the original—word for word. – Is the most specific of the three techniques, but should be used the least. – Should never stand by itself as a complete sentence (known as a “floating quote”). Instead, integrate every quote into a sentence of your own. – Requires a parenthetical citation—otherwise, it’s plagiarism.