![• The original passage:
• Students frequently overuse direct quotation in taking notes,
and as a result they overuse quotations in the final [research]
paper. Probably only about 10% of your final manuscript
should appear as directly quoted matter. Therefore, you
should strive to limit the amount of exact transcribing of
source materials while taking notes. Lester, James D. Writing
Research Papers. 2nd ed. (1976): 46-47.
• A legitimate paraphrase:
• In research papers students often quote excessively, failing to
keep quoted material down to a desirable level. Since the
problem usually originates during note taking, it is essential to
minimize the material recorded verbatim (Lester 46-47).](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/paraphrasing2-120827011911-phpapp01/85/Paraphrasing2-6-320.jpg)
Paraphrasing2
- 1. Summarizing and paraphrasing Michelle, Marrissa, and Allision
- 2. Borrowed language • You must cite anything you borrow from a source, including direct quotes; statistics and other specific facts. • To show that you are using the sources exact phrases or sentences, enclosed them in quotation marks unless they have been set off from the text by indentations.
- 3. Summaries and paraphrases A summary condenses information from a source A paraphrase conveys the information using about the same number of words You must name source and restate the meaning in your own words If you half copy or mix the author's phrases with your own without quotations or plugging synonyms, this is Plagiarizm. Write in your own words, then check to make sure you have not used the same language, structure or misrepresented the author.
- 4. Quotes Quotations, summaries, paraphrases and facts will help you develop your argument, but cannot speak for you. You can condense a quote with an Ellipsis Mark (. . .) to indicate that you have omitted words. If you want to omit a full sentence or more, put a period in front of the three dots. . . . Do not use the Ellipsis Mark in the beginning or end of a quote.
- 5. Brackets allow you to insert your own words into quoted material, to clarify a confusing reference or to make the quoted words fit. Set off long quotations by indenting it one inch on the left margin. At the end of an indented quotation, the parenthetical citation goes outside the final punctuation mark Use clear signal phrases so the readers can move smoothly from your words to the words of the source. When siting a statistic or specific fact, a signal phrase is not necessary
- 6. • The original passage: • Students frequently overuse direct quotation in taking notes, and as a result they overuse quotations in the final [research] paper. Probably only about 10% of your final manuscript should appear as directly quoted matter. Therefore, you should strive to limit the amount of exact transcribing of source materials while taking notes. Lester, James D. Writing Research Papers. 2nd ed. (1976): 46-47. • A legitimate paraphrase: • In research papers students often quote excessively, failing to keep quoted material down to a desirable level. Since the problem usually originates during note taking, it is essential to minimize the material recorded verbatim (Lester 46-47).
- 7. • An acceptable summary: • Students should take just a few notes in direct quotation from sources to help minimize the amount of quoted material in a research paper (Lester 46-47). • A plagiarized version: • Students often use too many direct quotations when they take notes, resulting in too many of them in the final research paper. In fact, probably only about 10% of the final copy should consist of directly quoted material. So it is important to limit the amount of source material copied while taking notes.