Particle Nature of Matter
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The document discusses the particle nature of matter, defining matter as anything that occupies space and has mass, classified into pure substances and mixtures. It outlines historical theories by Leucippus, Democritus, and Dalton on atoms and their properties, emphasizing that all matter is composed of atoms, molecules, or ions. Additionally, it describes the properties and characteristics of solids, liquids, and gases, explaining their differences in shape, volume, compressibility, and density.
Particle Nature of Matter
- 1. The Particle Nature of Matter
- 3. • Anything that occupies space and has mass is called MATTER. • The mass of an object is a measure of the amount of matter the object has. • The measure of the space occupied by an object is called volume.
- 4. Classification of Matter MATTER Pure Substance Elements Compound Mixture homogeneous heterogeneous
- 5. WHAT MATTER WAS MADE OF? • Almost 2,500 years ago, Leucippus and his disciple, Democritus believed that nature consisted of two things, “atoms and the void that surrounds them” • They believed that “atoms are physically, but not geometrically, indivisible.” • Atomos, a Greek word which means indivisible particle.
- 6. 1.All matter composed of atoms in void. 2.Atoms were indivisible & indestructible. 3.Properties of atom differ in shape, arrangement and sizes. 4.Shape of atom determined the substance properties. DEMOCRITUS (460 B.C. – 370 B.C.)
- 7. All matter is made up of 4 basic substances.
- 8. • He developed a theory to explain why the elements in a compound always join in the same way. • He proposed explanations for many of the known laws describing the behaviour of matter. • Dalton’s theory states “All matter is made up of individual particles called atoms, which cannot be divided”. JOHN DALTON (1766 – 1844)
- 9. • Matter is made up of tiny and discrete particles. The particles may be atoms, molecules or ions. • An atom is the smallest particle of an element that has all properties of the element. • A molecule is a neutral particle that consists of two or more atoms which are chemically bonded together. • An ion is a positively charged or negatively charged particle.
- 10. • Matter is made up of tiny and discrete particles. The particles may be atoms, molecules or ions. • The size of an atom is measured in angstroms. One angstrom is a unit of length equal to one ten millionth of a millimeter. Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) - It can magnify an image 10 million times. And it creates a profile of the surface of an atom and then a computer-generated model or contour map is produced.
- 12. Characteristics of Particles of Matter Everything around us is made up of tiny pieces or particles. The particles that make up matter are atoms, ions or molecules 1. The particles of matter are very, very small. 2. The particles of matter have spaces between them, 3. The particles of matter are constantly moving. 4. The particles of matter attract each other.
- 13. Matter can have different properties Everything around us is made up of tiny pieces or particles. The particles that make up matter are atoms, ions or molecules 1. Hardness 2. Color and texture 3. Malleability 4. Flexibility 5. Conductivity 6. Viscosity
- 14. Particle Models of the Three States of Matter
- 15. State of Matter On the basis of physical states, all the matter can be classified into three groups. 1. Solids 2.Liquids 3.Gases
- 16. Properties of Solids 1. Solids have a fixed shape and a fixed volume 2. Solids cannot be compressed much 3. Solids have high densities 4. Solids do not fill their container completely 5. Solids do not flow
- 17. Properties of Liquids 1. Liquids have fixed volume but they have no fixed shape. 2. Like solids, liquids cannot be compressed much 3. Liquids have moderate to high densities. 4. Liquids do not fill their container completely 5. Liquids generally flow
- 18. Properties of Gases 1. Gases have neither a fixed shape nor a fixed volume. 2. Gases can be compressed easily. 3. Gases have very low densities. 4. Gases fill their container completely 5. Gases flow easily
- 19. PROPERTY SOLID LIQUID GAS SHAPE Definite Indefinite indefinite INTERMOLECULAR SPACING Very close Slightly farther Far from one another VOLUME Definite Definite indefinite COMPRESSIBILITY Not compressible Not compressible Highly compressible DENSITY Densest Dense Low density ABILITY TO FLOW Cannot flow Able to flow Able to flow
- 20. PHASE CHANGES
- 22. ACTIVITY 2: State of Matter
- 23. PROPERTY SOLID LIQUID GAS SHAPE INTERMOLECULAR SPACING VOLUME COMPRESSIBILITY DENSITY ABILITY TO FLOW I. Complete the following: A. Complete the table:
- 24. A. Complete the diagram SOLID LIQUID GAS
- 25. II. Answer the following questions briefly: 1. In your own words, what is matter? 2. How does solid differ from liquid? Solid from gas? Liquid from gas? 3. Explain and Cite at least 1 example of: a. Changes between Liquid to Gas and vice versa b. Changes between Solid to liquid and vice versa c. Changes between Solid to gas and vice versa