Passive design strategy
- 1. PASSIVE DESIGN STRATEGY By : SHIVANGEE SHUKLA A281020004 (MID) semester-1
- 2. What is Passive Design? • is based upon climate considerations • attempts to control comfort (heating and cooling) without consuming fuels • uses the orientation of the building to control heat gain and heat loss • uses the shape of the building (plan, section) to control air flow • uses materials to control heat • maximizes use of free solar energy for heating and lighting • maximizes use of free ventilation for cooling • uses shade (natural or architectural) to control heat gain
- 3. Passive Buildings Require Active Users • Unlike most contemporarily designed buildings that rely on “Thermostat” control to regulate the temperature and relative humidity (comfort) in buildings, Passive Buildings require occupant involvement to ensure their success. • Occupants need to be EDUCATED as to when to open and close windows, raise and lower shades, and otherwise control some of the non automated means of controlling the effects of the sun and wind on the interior environments of the building.
- 4. Differentiating Passive vs. Active Design Passive design results when a building is created and simply works “on its own”. The plan, section, materials selections and siting create a positive energy flow through the building and “save energy”. Active design uses equipment to modify the state of the building, create energy and comfort; ie. Fans, pumps, etc. Passive buildings require active users (to open and shut windows and blinds...)
- 10. Solar geometry works for us because the sun is naturally HIGH in the summer, making it easy to block the sun with shading devices. And it is naturally LOW in Winter, allowing the sun to penetrate below our shading devices and enter the building - with FREE SOLAR HEAT.
- 11. Passive solar heating Passive solar HEATING in a building aims to maintain interior Thermal Comfort.
- 13. Passive Solar Heating Strategies MAIN STRATEGIES • Direct Gain • Thermal Storage Wall • SunspaceThe dominant architectural choice is Direct Gain.
- 14. General Rules for Passive Solar Heating 1. Conservation Levels: Higher than normal levels of insulation and airtightness 2. Distribution of Solar Glazing: distributed throughout the building proportional the heat loss of each zone. 3. Orientation: Optimum within 5 degrees of true south. 4. Glazing Tilt: Looking for perpendicular to sun angle in winter, although vertical efficient where lots of reflective snow cover. 5. Number of glazing layers: 3 to 4 for severe climates, less otherwise 6. Night insulation: Greatly improves reduction of night heat losses 7. Mixing passive systems can increase comfort levels.
- 15. This space is using classic Direct Gain for heat. The sun shines through the windows. Strikes the exposed concrete floor. Heat is absorbed into the concrete as it is an excellent thermal mass. When the space cools off, the heat is radiated into the space making it warm.
- 34. Passive Design • ‘Passive design’ is design that works with the environment to exclude unwanted heat or cold and take advantage of sun and breezes, therefore avoiding or minimizing the need for mechanical heating or cooling. • Passive design in the tropics means designing a building to make the most of natural light and cooling breezes, and using shading, orientation and appropriate building materials to reduce heat gain and storage. • The use of passive design principles in the tropics results in a building that is comfortable, energy efficient and results in substantial savings in running costs of both cooling and lighting.
- 35. MAIN PRINCIPLES OF PASSIVE DESIGN Energy and emissions Water and wastewaterIndoor environment quality Waste and construction materials Local environment
- 36. • Lighting and Electrical • Water Supply • Waste management systems • HVAC • Access and Security • Fire Prevention, control and safety • Mechanical Transport • Communication