Pbl powerpoint slides
- 1. B.F. Skinner’s Operant Conditioning The Behaviourist Theory
- 2. Operant Conditioning focuses on… Using the consequences of a particular behaviour to alter future behaviours.
- 3. Positive Reinforcement Negative Reinforcement Punishment Extinction Four types of OperantConditioning:
- 4. Analogy: Thought: “I don’t want to be burnt by fire.” Consequence: Burnt by fire Action: “I need to balance myself.” Action: “I need to prevent myself from sliding down Action: “I need to climb up the mountain.
- 5. As beginning teachers, we need to point out the consequence of our students’ actions and direct them in altering their negative behaviour to a positive one.
- 6. We must not assume that students already know the measures they need to take to improve their performance.
- 7. Analysing the purpose of Ms Lin’s actions
- 8. Ms Lin’s action: - Praised students who attained good results for their good performance Possible outcome of her action: - Students who performed well are encouraged to strive for better performance Positive Reinforcement (i.e. Praise)
- 9. Ms Lin’s action: Encouraged students who have shown effort in studying for the test to strive for better results Possible outcome: - Students are encouraged to try out other studying methods to help improve their results (i.e. Visual aids: Mind-mapping) Positive Reinforcement (i.e. Appreciation of students’ efforts)
- 10. Ms Lin’s action: encouraged students who have shown to not have studied for their tests that they are capable of achieving better results if they are willing to put in more effort teacher to adopt a group system to help students Possible outcome: - The supportive environment students have may encourage them to put in more effort in their studies with the help of their teacher and peers. Negative Reinforcement (i.e. Avoid the use of negative condition, use encouragement instead)
- 12. On the whole, positive reinforcement is helpful in motivating students who are already motivated in their pursuits for success.
- 13. - Positive Reinforcement may not work on unmotivated students as they do not have a great sense of competence to begin with. Seen as students who are unwilling to learn They are often punished due to their inability to perform assigned task.
- 14. With students’ frequent experience with the negative condition such as punishment, an avoidance of such negative condition can help to alter behaviour. Avoidance of negative behaviour: Negative Reinforcement