A participatory methodology to assess the factors influencing performances of avian influenza surveillance network in Northern Vietnam
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The document presents a participatory methodology for evaluating factors influencing the performance of avian influenza surveillance networks in northern Vietnam, highlighting the need to assess social and economic interactions among local actors. It outlines the constraints faced by poultry producers and the impact of outbreak notifications on their decisions, illustrating the reliance on informal surveillance and private actors. Key conclusions emphasize the necessity for improved surveillance compliance through better support from central authorities and collaboration with local stakeholders.
A participatory methodology to assess the factors influencing performances of avian influenza surveillance network in Northern Vietnam
- 1. A participatory methodology to assess the factors influencing performances of avian influenza surveillance network in Northern Vietnam Alexis Delabouglise1,2, Nicolas Antoine-Moussiaux1,3, Phan Dang Thang4, Nguyen Tien Thanh5, Dao Cong Duan4, Pham Thi Thanh Hoa1, Dao Thi Hiep4, Vu Dinh Ton4, Nguyen Viet Khong5, Aurélie Binot1, François Roger1, Marisa Peyre1 1 CIRAD, AGIRs, France 2 Laboratoire Espace, Santé et Territoires, Université Paris Ouest, France 3 Université de Liège, Belgique 4 Hanoi Agriculture University, Vietnam 5 National Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
- 2. • Outlines I. Background : need to evaluate AI surveillance II. Methodology : participatory tools to approach decision making III. Results IV. Conclusions
- 3. • Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) due to H5N1 persisting in Vietnam since 2004 • Limited evaluations of surveillance programs • Hypothesis : social and economic interactions between local actors are key elements to evaluate acceptability of surveillance systems Background
- 4. Involvement of actors in disease surveillance: A decision made under constraints INFORMATION DISCLOSURE Economic constraints Social constraintsAnimal health Public health Institutional constraints
- 5. Methodology
- 6. Geographical localization: C m Hoàng commune, H i Dương province, Red river delta Farms investigated: Poultry and pig productions Methodology
- 7. Decision making : An answer to a series of questions… Methodology
- 8. • Focus group producers • Description of syndromes and terminology associated • Use of proportional piling and matrix scoring What kills my animals?Methodology
- 9. Who do I talk to?...and why? B nh d ch gà, Niu Cát Sơn, T huy t trùng …. The village feed seller Syndrome: The town drug supplier .... The trader technicians of agro- pharmaceutical companies Poultry producer Individual interviewDrug selling + advices Rapid selling of sick animals Methodology
- 10. Outbreak announcement: who wins, who loses?... And who do I listen to? • What are the consequences of an outbreak notification? • Which types of actors get benefits or disadvantages from it? • Which type of actor influences my decision? Methodology
- 11. May I report or not report if…? 50% mortality in my farm in less than 5 days Price of sick animals Amount of compensation Delay before compensation 40 000 VND/kg 30 000 VND/kg 20 000 VND/kg Delay No delay … Methodology
- 12. 50% mortality in my farm in less than 5 days Price of sick animals Amount of compensation Delay before compensation Proportional piling REPORT NOT REPORT ASK OTHER FARMERS May I report or not report if…? Methodology
- 13. Results
- 14. constraints on producer’s decision Animal producer Input supply stage Animal traders Value chain • Short delays to refund credits • Support farmers in treating and preventing diseases • Most contacted in case of disease outbreak FINANCIAL DEBTS Results
- 15. Results constraints faced by farmers Animal producer Input supply stage Animal traders Value chain • Negotiation of price • Possibility to sell sick animals at low price • Drop of prices caused by outbreak announcement FINANCIAL DEBTS PRICE INSTABILITY
- 16. constraints faced by farmers Animal producer Input supply stage Animal traders Value chain Other villagers • Price variation affects other farmers Relationships FINANCIAL DEBTS PRICE INSTABILITY FEAR OF IMPACT ON PRICE Results
- 17. Constraints faced by farmers Animal producer Input supply stage Animal traders Value chain Other villagers Veterinary Authorities • Uncertainty of compensation programs • Long delays of compensations • More interesting to sell sick animalsRelationships FINANCIAL DEBTS FEAR OF IMPACT ON PRICE • Control measures and compensations only in case of widespread epizootic • Authorities' reaction often follow media announcements PRICE INSTABILITY Results
- 18. Animal producer Input supply stage Animal traders Value chain Other villagers Veterinary Authorities Relationships • Resource/budget constraints • Local management of diseases are encouraged • Reports to higher authorities are dissuaded Local Political actors AUTHORITY Institutional constraints Results Administration
- 19. Who is looking for information? • Private actors are interested in information on disease outbreaks for: Preventing disease transmission (feed companies, input retailers, large scale farmers) Anticipating price variation and planning the activities in accordance (feed companies, input retailers, large scale farmers) Purchasing poultry at low price (poultry traders) • Public surveillance is considered a useless source of information. Private actors rely on informal surveillance. Results
- 20. Breed supply Drug supply Feed supply Local input retailers: feed, chicks and drugs sellers Small poultry producers Big poultry producers Poultry traders District vet Province vet Commune vet INFORMAL NETWORKS Private companies
- 21. Conclusions 1. Innovative approach • Actors of surveillance = decision makers facing socio-economic constraints • Interest of combining economic evaluation tools and participatory approach 2. Key elements to enhance the compliance to surveillance and control programs : • Producers and actors of input supply chain mainly aim at mitigating impact of epizootics on their income and on market prices • Existence of a private surveillance centered on feed companies • Poor sanitary controls on the poultry value chain have an impact on disease surveillance • Institutional impediments = need for better control and higher support from the central administration : encourage local actors to notify diseases
- 22. Acknowledgements • CIRAD, AGIRs, France: Pham Thi Thanh Hoa, Marisa Peyre, Aurélie Binot, François Roger • Hanoi University of Agriculture, Vietnam: Phan Dang Thang, Dao Cong Duan, Dao Thi Hiep, Vu Dinh Ton • National Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi, Vietnam: Nguyen Tien Thanh, Nguyen Viet Khong • Université de Liège, Belgique: Nicolas Antoine Moussiaux
- 23. Thank you for your attention