A participatory assessment of disease burden, morbidity and mortality from five priority livestock diseases in Nigeria
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The document presents a participatory assessment of disease burden and its impact on livestock production in Nigeria, focusing on five priority diseases. It highlights the critical challenges posed by these diseases to rural livelihoods and the need for targeted interventions. The study emphasizes the significance of livestock for poor rural communities and the necessity of improving veterinary services and disease control measures.
A participatory assessment of disease burden, morbidity and mortality from five priority livestock diseases in Nigeria
- 1. 12/20/2012 1 A PARTICIPATORY ASSESSMENT OF DISEASE BURDEN, MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY FROM FIVE PRIORITY LIVESTOCK DISEASES IN NIGERIA. BY DR MARIAT .O. SOLEYE RESIDENT NFELTP NIGERIA. PAPER PRESENTED AT 1ST PENAPH WORKSHOP CHAING MAI, THAILAND 11TH - 13TH, DECEMBER 2012
- 2. INTRODUCTION • Livestock are asset to the poor and majority kept in the rural sector of Nigeria • Livestock are traditionally kept in 3 major production system • Highest number are kept by rural people in semi intensive system 12/20/2012 2
- 3. INTRODUCTION…2 • Animal diseases of varying morbidity and mortality threatens the livestock sector in Nigeria • Animal associated disease burden is controllable, preventable and treatable • Disease burden is sum of direct cost of the disease • PE gives an accurate estimates as it involves the producers directly 12/20/2012 3
- 4. INTRODUCTION • Federal department of livestock prioritized six(6) diseases for control and eradication. • They are – Contagious Bovine pleuropneumonia – African swine fever – Highly pathogenic avian influenza – Newcastle disease – Foot and mouth disease – Peste des petites ruminant 12/20/2012 4
- 5. OBJECTIVES • Assess the impact of livestock diseases on livelihood • To make recommendations on the feasibility of targeted interventions 12/20/2012 5
- 6. Methodology…1 • Participatory rapid assessment – used to obtain information on epidemiology and impact of the diseases • Done in 4 agro ecological zones – Sudan savannah (Kano state) – Northern guinea savannah (Niger state) – Sub-humid zone (Enugu state) – Humid zone (Oyo state) 12/20/2012 6
- 7. MAP OF NIGERIA SHOWING AGROECOLOGICAL ZONES 12/20/2012 7
- 8. MAP OF NIGERIA SHOWING THE STATES IN THE ECOLOGICAL ZONES 12/20/2012 8
- 9. Methodology…2 • A checklist was developed • Questions and exercises were standardized • Clinical case definitions were developed for the 5 diseases • Village was the unit of analysis • Villages were selected non randomly • Permission was sort from leaders 12/20/2012 9
- 10. Methodology…3 • Qualitative and quantitative information were gathered using the following tools a) Semi structured interview b) Proportional piling c) Simple ranking d) Relative incidence scoring 12/20/2012 10
- 11. Methodology…4 • SSI was used to determine – Livelihood activities – Production challenges – Production cost, control and treatment cost Simple ranking was used to determine – Order of importance of livestock kept in terms of number and relative importance 12/20/2012 11
- 12. Methodology…5 • Proportional piling used to determine – Importance of each disease in terms of prevalence and economic importance – Age distribution on herds and flocks – Mortality rates by age – Estimate annual livestock level – Incidence and impact of livestock diseases 12/20/2012 12
- 13. Methodology…6 • Relative incidence scoring was used to estimate – Incidence of each disease in each spp over the last year – Case fatality, morbidity and mortality rates All data gathered were fed into a spreadsheet model 12/20/2012 13
- 14. RESULTS…1 • Total of 56 interviews were done – 18 in humid zones – 21 in semi humid zones – 10 in Northern guinea savannah – 7 in Sudan savannah 12/20/2012 14
- 15. Results…2 Table1: Meannumberofwomenandmen(+standarddeviation)participatinginfocusgroup interviewsinfouragro-ecozonesofNigeria. TotalSurvey Oyo/Lagos Kano Niger Enugu Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male 1.4(+2.0) 3.7(+3.0) 2.1 (+2.5) 3.7 (+3.3) 0.0 (+0.0) 6.9 (+2.5) 2.0 (+2.2) 5.3 (+2.8) 0.9 (+1.6) 2.0 (+1.6) 12/20/2012 15
- 16. Results…3 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Total Survey Oyo/Lagos Kano Niger Enugu Frequency of Livelihood Activities Practiced by Smallholder Farming Families in Four Agro-ecozones of Nigeria Livestock Crops Men's labor Women's labor Remittance Other 12/20/2012 16
- 17. Results…4 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 Total Survey (n=55) Oyo/Lagos (n=18) Kano (n=6) Niger (n=10) Enugu (n=21) AverageScore Importance of Livestock Species in Terms of Village Populations in Four Agro-ecozones in Nigeria Cattle (n=22) Sheep (n=37) Goats (n=39) Pigs (n=19) Chickens (n=47) Ducks (n=8) Turkeys (n=3) Guinea Fowl (n=8) Other (n=13) 12/20/2012 17
- 18. Results…5 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 CBPP tryps FMD GI parasites ectoparasites calf diarrhea Other % Relative Herd Incidence of Cattle Diseases from May '09 - April '10 in Four Agro- ecozones of Nigeria Total Survey (n=20) Oyo/Lagos (n=5) Kano (n=5) Niger (n=6) Enugu (n=4) 12/20/2012 18
- 19. Results…6 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% Total Survey Oyo/Lagos Kano Niger Enugu Relative Impact on Livelihoods of Cattle Diseases from May '09 - April '10 in Four Agro- ecozones of Nigeria CBPP (n=12) tryps (n=14) FMD (n=16) GI parasites (n=5) ectoparasites (n=4) calf diarrhea (n=5) Other (n=11) 12/20/2012 19
- 20. Results…9 0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% 90.0% 100.0% Total Survey (n=16) Oyo/Lagos (n=6) Niger (n=4) Enugu (n=6) Frequency of Swine Production Challenges Faced by Smallholder Farming Families in Three Agro-ecozones of Nigeria feed water funds disease veterinary services pharmaceuticals taxes genetics Other 12/20/2012 20
- 21. Results…10 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 ASF tryps mange neonatal diarrhea GI parasites Other % Relative Herd Incidence of Swine Diseases from May '09 - April '10 in Four Agro- ecozones of Nigeria Total Survey (n=15) Oyo/Lagos (n=6) Niger (n=3) Enugu (n=6) 12/20/2012 21
- 22. Results…11 0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% Total Survey Oyo/Lagos Niger Enugu Relative Impact on Livelihoods of Swine Diseases from May '09 - April '10 in Three Agro-ecozones of Nigeria ASF (n=5) tryps (n=3) mange (n=12) neonatal diarrhea (n=9) GI parasites (n=10) Other (n=5) 12/20/2012 22
- 23. Results…14 12/20/2012 23 0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% 90.0% 100.0% Frequency of Shoat Production Challenges Faced by Smallholder Farming Families in Four Agro-ecozones of Nigeria Total Survey Oyo/Lagos Kano Niger Enugu
- 25. Results…17 12/20/2012 25 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 100.0 Total Survey (n=21) Oyo/Lagos (n=7) Kano (n=2) Niger (n=7) Enugu (n=5) % Relative Flock Incidence of Chicken Diseases from May '09 - April '10 in Four Agro- ecozones of Nigeria NCD Ectoparasites pox Other
- 26. Discussion…1 • Livestock keeping is practiced by all the villages surveyed • Nearly half reported sole livelihood support is from farming • This highlights the importance of farming to livelihood and survival in rural Nigeria 12/20/2012 26
- 27. Discussion…2 • Regional variation in species ranking in terms of population exists • Little regional variation in terms of impact on livelihood • Chickens are the most numerous species kept • Cattle make the greatest contribution to livelihood • Pigs were not numerous but ranked 2nd most important 12/20/2012 27
- 28. Discussion…3 • Livestock diseases pose a critical challenge to production in 4 agro ecological zones • FMD has high incidence in cattle in all regions • ASF has the highest relative incidence in pigs – Case fatality of100% – Morbidity and mortality of 15% PPR most occurring disease in small ruminants Morbidity and mortality of 23% and 10% respectively, case fatality of 36- 94% 12/20/2012 28
- 29. Discussion…4 • Newcastle disease most occurring in poultry • Morbidity of 51% and mortality of 31% 12/20/2012 29
- 30. Conclusion/Recommendation • Farmers perception of importance of disease is its effect on livelihood • Assistance to farmers to overcome limitations to production will contribute greatly to improving livelihood • Control of diseases should be a package involving private and public sector • Veterinary practice be closer to the farm level 12/20/2012 30
- 31. Acknowledgement • Dr Chris Jost( International Livestock Research Institute) • International Livestock Research Institute office, Ibadan, Nigeria • International Livestock Research Institute research support group • Drs Uju Okafor, Tinuke Ahamed, Waziri Musa, Ibrahim Musa and Ndahi Mwapu 12/20/2012 31