Performance Tuning
- 2. This is to place on record my appreciation and deep gratitude to the persons without whose support this presentation would never seen the light of day. I wish to express my propound sense of gratitude to Sir Waseem Mehmood and Sir Mehmood Butt for their guidance, encouragement and for all facilities to complete this presentation Finally I express my sincere gratitude to all my group members and friends who contributed their valuable advice and helped to complete this presentation successfully.
- 3. Performance tuning is the improvement of system performance. This is typically a computer application, but the same methods can be applied to economic markets, bureaucracies or other complex systems. The motivation for such activity is called a performance problem, which can be real or anticipated. Most systems will respond to increased load with some degree of decreasing performance.
- 4. System performace tuning (Sidra Khan) Operating System tuning (Sehrish Sabir) Database performance tuning (Sadia Khan) Application performance tuning (Madiha) Programming Language performance tuning (Sana)
- 5. System Optimal system Attributes of optimized server Tuning methodology Response time Throughput CPU enhancements i/o enhancements Network enhancements Disk arrays Memory optimization
- 6. Computer systems will include the computer along with any software hard ware that are necessary to make the computer function.
- 7. Each system has it’s own performance crietaria Good performing system for one site may not be optimal for other site It’s upon you to determine your performance crietaria In some cases system is well tuned if it’s throughput is optimized In other cases system may be optimally tuned for back up and recovery
- 8. Analyze the system Determine the problem. What do you think is causing the problem? Why? Determine a solution Test the solution Analyze the results.
- 9. Make sure your server memory matches the number of users you want to support Most NotesBench vendors use 300K-400K per active user. They also set their NSF_BUFFER_POOL_SIZE to the maximum for their memory configuration. This setting isn't necessary, because the Domino server initially obtains a quarter of available memory and grows only if necessary (depending on the load). Distribute I/O among separate devices, For example, you can put the OS kernel on one drive, the page file on another, the Domino executable on a third, and finally the Domino data files on a fourth drive.
- 10. Increase the stripe size NotesBench vendors use a stripe size of 8K (Digital's systems) or 16K (IBM Netfinity reports). Use faster CPUs NotesBench vendors have moved beyond the Pentium, Sparc, and PowerPC processors, which were in the 100-200Mhz range, to higher speed processors. The size of your Level 2 cache should match your expected user loads and the response time you want. Vendors have moved from 256K to 512K, 1MB to 2MB Level 2 cache systems, especially on their greater than two-CPU configurations. Improve your network. NotesBench vendors have increased scaling of active user loads and leveraged their more powerful configurations (faster clock cycles, fiber-connected I/O subsystems, OS kernel to CPU binding, and multiple I/O controllers) by using partitioned servers.
- 11. Reponse time Cpu enhancement i/o enhancements Network enhancements Disk arrays Memory optimization
- 12. Client must have sufficent resources to perform it’s function There should be no significant delays caused by presenting and manuplating data Performance that user sees is end to end performance The response time is the meter by which the user judges the performace if the goal is optimizing response time, the criteria for a good- performing client is to add minimal delays to response time.
- 13. It is the job of the server to take requests from the clients, process the data as quickly and efficiently as possible, and pass the data back to the user. If the client machine typically serves only one user, response time is the highest criteria. For the server, even though response time is important, throughput is typically the most important factor.
- 14. Enhancing the CPUs on your system can provide instantaneous performance improvements the process of enhancing the CPU may be as simple as adding an additional CPU board. Before you purchase an additional processor of the same type and speed, consider upgrading to a faster processor. In this type of environment, both the addition of faster processors and more processors benefit the overall performance of the system.
- 15. enhance I/O by adding disk drives or purchasing a hardware disk array. Hardware and software disk arrays have the added benefit of optional fault tolerance. You should first choose the correct fault tolerance for your needs and then make sure that you have sufficient I/O capabilities to achieve the required performance level. If you use fault tolerance, you will most likely have to increase the number of disk drives in your system.
- 16. Hard drives consist of spinning platters that contain your data as a series of magnetic charges. These platters spin directly below read and write heads, which read and write data The heads also move, jumping back and forth across the surface of the platters to find the specific bits of information that a computer uses to operate.
- 17. The faster the platters spin, the less time the hard drive will take to pull open a certain bit of data. This can affect your computer's overall speed Hard drive platter speed is rated in RPM, or rotations per minute. The bigger the number, the faster they're spinning.
- 18. Enhancements to the I/O subsystem make all the difference in the world to a BLOB environ-ment because large amounts of data are being continually read. Be sure that you have a sufficient number of disk drives, properly configured.
- 19. The faster the network link, the faster the data is transferred. You may find it beneficial to subnet your networks between the high-access systems. Try to use the latest technology (such as 100 megabit Ethernet) to provide for future expansion. If you exceed the capacity of your network, you will see significant performance degradation in both throughput and response time.
- 20. A disk array is collection of disk drives that are configured and act as one larger disk drive. Data is distributed across the drives in one of several ways called "RAID levels", Disk arrays usually support: disk striping, disk mirroring, disk parity,
- 21. disk striping is the process of dividing a body of data into blocks and spreading the data blocks across several partitions on several hard disks. Each stripe is the size of the smallest partition. For example, if three partitions are selected with one partition equaling 150megabytes, another 100MB, and the third 50MB, each stripe will be 50 MB in size. It is wise to create the partitions equal in size to prevent wasting disk space.
- 22. A technique in which data is written to two duplicate disks simultaneously. This way if one of the disk drives fails, the system can instantly switch to the other disk without any loss of data or service. Disk mirroring is used commonly in on-line database systems where it's critical that the data be accessible at all times.
- 23. In computers, parity refers to a technique of checking whether data has been lost or written over when it's moved from one place in storage to another or when transmitted between computers. This bit is used only for the purpose of identifying whether the bits being moved arrived successfully. If the total is even, a transmission error has occurred and either the transmission is retried or the system halts and an error message is sent to the user.
- 24. A hot swap is the replacement of a hard drive, CD- ROM drive, power supply, or other device with a similar device while the computer system using it remains in operation. The replacement can be because of a device failure or, for storage devices, to substitute other data.
- 25. SANs support disk mirroring, backup and restore, archival and retrieval of archived data, data migration from one storage device to another and the sharing of data among different servers in a network.
- 26. Disk arrays offer many benefits to the system administrator and the end users: Ease of management. A disk array can offer tens of gigabytes of disk space that appear to the administrator as one large disk. This arrangement simplifies some of the management tasks involved with managing large numbers of disks. I/O balancing: Because a disk array is made up of many individual disks with striped data, random I/Os are automatically distributed among the disks. Fault tolerance: Disk arrays provide a wide range of RAID options with a wide
- 27. Disk arrays increase storage system speed by striping data across multiple disks and increase storage system In order to perform capacity planning and predict the performance of enterprise storage systems, it is necessary to develop performance models of disk arrays.
- 28. You must care-fully plan for the memory requirements of these users and make sure that you don’t exceed available resources during peak periods. This may mean that you have to configure extra memory into the system that is on stand-by for user connections. Try running the application with a specific number of users and monitor system resource usage. Increase the number of users and monitor the system again. Comparing the results will give you a fairly good idea of the amount of resources associated with each user.
- 29. Data is feteched from L1 cache it data is not found there then data is fetched from L2 , if there is again cache miss then data is fetched from the main memory, if still not found in main memory then data is fetched form the hard disk as it takes too much time so we have to optimize caches for increasing performance.
- 30. THANK YOU