permutations-and-combinations-grade9.ppt

OBJECTIVES:
 apply fundamental counting principle
 compute permutations
 compute combinations
 distinguish permutations vs combinations

Fundamental Counting
Principle
Fundamental Counting Principle can be used
determine the number of possible outcomes
when there are two or more characteristics .
Fundamental Counting Principle states that
if an event has m possible outcomes and
another independent event has n possible
outcomes, then there are m* n possible
outcomes for the two events together.

Principle
Lets start with a simple example.
A student is to roll a die and flip a coin.
How many possible outcomes will there be?
1H 2H 3H 4H 5H 6H
1T 2T 3T 4T 5T 6T
12 outcomes
6*2 = 12 outcomes

Principle
For a college interview, Robert has to choose
what to wear from the following: 4 slacks, 3
shirts, 2 shoes and 5 ties. How many possible
outfits does he have to choose from?
4*3*2*5 = 120 outfits

EXAMPLE: TOSSING COINS
• Three coins are tossed (or one coin is tossed three times)
and the outcome of heads or tails is observed.
• Draw a tree diagram (also called a branching diagram) that
shows all possible outcomes.
• State a conclusion: How many equally likely outcomes are
there in this problem?

TREE DIAGRAM FOR 3 COINS
• So there are 8 different equally likely outcomes.
H
T
First Toss Second Toss Third Toss
H
T
H
T
H
T
H
T
H
T
H
T

Permutations
A Permutation is an arrangement
of items in a particular order.
Notice, ORDER MATTERS!
To find the number of Permutations of
n items, we can use the Fundamental
Counting Principle or factorial notation.

Permutations
The number of ways to arrange
the letters ABC: ____ ____ ____
Number of choices for first blank? 3 ____ ____
3 2 ___
Number of choices for second blank?
Number of choices for third blank? 3 2 1
3*2*1 = 6 3! = 3*2*1 = 6
ABC ACB BAC BCA CAB CBA

EXAMPLE
• Suppose you have 6 different textbooks in your backpack
that you want to put on a bookshelf. How many ways can
the 6 books be arranged on the shelf?

Permutations
To find the number of Permutations of
n items chosen r at a time, you can use
the formula
.
0
where n
r
r
n
n
r
p
n 



)!
(
!
60
3
*
4
*
5
)!
3
5
(
!
5
3
5 




2!
5!
p

Permutations
A combination lock will open when the
right choice of three numbers (from 1
to 30, inclusive) is selected. How many
different lock combinations are possible
assuming no number is repeated?
Practice:
Answer Now

Permutations
A combination lock will open when the
right choice of three numbers (from 1
to 30, inclusive) is selected. How many
different lock combinations are possible
assuming no number is repeated?
Practice:
24360
28
*
29
*
30
)!
3
30
(
!
30
3
30 




27!
30!
p

EXAMPLES
• How many ways are there to form a 3 member
subcommittee from a group of 12 people?
• How many ways are there to choose a president, vice-
president, and secretary from a group of 12 people?

Permutations
From a club of 24 members, a President,
Vice President, Secretary, Treasurer
and Historian are to be elected. In how
many ways can the offices be filled?
Practice:
Answer Now

Permutations
From a club of 24 members, a President,
Vice President, Secretary, Treasurer
and Historian are to be elected. In how
many ways can the offices be filled?
Practice:
480
,
100
,
5
20
*
21
*
22
*
23
*
24
)!
5
24
(
!
24
5
24





19!
24!
p

Individual Activity
https://testprepshsat.com/wp-
content/uploads/2017/04/
L9_Permutations_Combinations.pdf
Practice:

Combinations
A Combination is an arrangement
of items in which order does not
matter.
ORDER DOES NOT MATTER!
Since the order does not matter in
combinations, there are fewer
combinations than permutations. The
combinations are a "subset" of the
permutations.

Combinations
To find the number of Combinations of
the formula
.
0
where n
r
r
n
r
n
r
C
n




)!
(
!
!

Combinations
To find the number of Combinations of
the formula
.
0
where n
r
r
n
r
n
r
C
n




)!
(
!
!
10
2
20
1
*
2
4
*
5
1
*
2
*
1
*
2
*
3
1
*
2
*
3
*
4
*
5
)!
3
5
(
!
3
!
5
3
5







3!2!
5!
C

Combinations
To play a particular card game, each
player is dealt five cards from a
standard deck of 52 cards. How
many different hands are possible?
Practice:
Answer Now

Combinations
To play a particular card game, each
player is dealt five cards from a
standard deck of 52 cards. How
many different hands are possible?
Practice:
960
,
598
,
2
1
*
2
*
3
*
4
*
5
48
*
49
*
50
*
51
*
52
)!
5
52
(
!
5
!
52
5
52





5!47!
52!
C

Combinations
A student must answer 3 out of 5
essay questions on a test. In how
many different ways can the
student select the questions?
Practice:
Answer Now

Combinations
A student must answer 3 out of 5
essay questions on a test. In how
many different ways can the
student select the questions?
Practice:
10
1
*
2
4
*
5
)!
3
5
(
!
3
!
5
3
5 




3!2!
5!
C

Combinations
A basketball team consists of two
centers, five forwards, and four
guards. In how many ways can the
coach select a starting line up of
one center, two forwards, and two
guards?
Practice:
Answer Now

Combinations
A basketball team consists of two centers, five forwards,
and four guards. In how many ways can the coach select a
starting line up of one center, two forwards, and two
guards?
Practice:
2
!
1
!
1
!
2
1
2 

C
Center:
10
1
*
2
4
*
5
!
3
!
2
!
5
2
5 


C
Forwards:
6
1
*
2
3
*
4
!
2
!
2
!
4
2
4 


C
Guards:
Thus, the number of ways to select the
starting line up is 2*10*6 = 120.
2
2
5
1
2 * C
C
C 4
*

permutations-and-combinations-grade9.ppt

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