Persia Project
- 1. 550 B.C. – 330 B.C. The largest empire of the ancient world
- 2. Persian Emperors The Persian Empire had three influential and powerful leaders that helped them expand their country; Cyrus the Great, Cambyses, and Darius.
- 3. Born between 590 -585 B.C.E. Part of the clan of Achaemenidae, predominate clan of the Pasargadae tribe. 559-558 BCE Cyrus rose to power & went to war against Medes; took their king as captive. 550 BCE proclaimed himself the king of all Persians 539 BCE Cyrus conquered Babylonians, Lydian, & Spartans. Defeated Babylon, issued Charter of the Rights, laid out a plan for respecting human rights. First declaration in the history of man. 529 BCE Cyrus was killed when fighting Massagetae, tribe near the Caspian Sea. Tomb of Cyrus the Great
- 4. King of Persia 530 – 522 B.C. Added Egypt to the Persian Empire. Publicly scorned the Egyptian religion by burning down images of Egyptian gods. Cambyses suffered from severe mental illness later in his life. Later eventually killed by his own people. Judgment of Cambyses
- 5. The son of Hystaspes, a strap of Parthia. Became king through treachery. Member of the royal bodyguard for Cyrus. Traveled to Media in 522 & plotted murder of Bardiya, the third king, with six other conspirators. Became king, met great widespread revolt against him being king. Fought the uprisings Fortified frontiers & extended his borders. 519 was in possession of the whole Indus Valley Tried two failed attempts on conquering Greece. Died in 486 when planning a third attempt. Followed Cyrus’s idea of tolerating other religions & customs. Mosaic of Darius in Battle
- 7. When it started, it had an area from the Caspian Sea in the north to the Persian Gulf in the south. When Cyrus took power, expanded all the way from the Indus River to Anatolia in the west. Cambyses continued the expansion by adding Egypt. Darius completed the extension of Persia by obtaining part of India in the east. only area Persia couldn’t get their hands on was Greece
- 8. http://encarta.msn.com/media_461544724_761564512_-1_1/cyrus_the_great.html Cyrus the Great picture http://simplisticart.blogspot.com/2008_04_01_archive.html Cambyses picture http://www.mlahanas.de/Greeks/History/DariusIOfPersia.html Darius picture http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/westasia/history/persians.htm picture of Cyrus’s tomb http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/aria/aria_assets/BK-14517?lang=en&context_space=aria_encyclopedia&context_id=00046867 judgement of Cambyses http://fotios.cc/papers/articles/medean_wars/part1.htm map of Persian Empire in 500 B.C. Grossman, Mark. "Cyrus the Great." World Military Leaders: A Biographical Dictionary . New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2007. Ancient and Medieval History Online . Facts On File Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp? ItemID=WE49&iPin=WML0063&SingleRecord=True (accessed November 26, 2008). Pettman, Andrew. "Darius I." In Ackermann, Marsha E., Michael Schroeder, Janice J. Terry, Jiu-Hwa Lo Upshur, and Mark F. Whitters, eds. Encyclopedia of World History: The Ancient World, Prehistoric Eras to 600 CE , vol. 1. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2008. Ancient and Medieval History Online . Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp? ItemID=WE49&iPin=WHI096&SingleRecord=True (accessed November 26, 2008).
- 9. INTRODUCTION : The Persians had one of the most successful empires because of the impressive organization and upgraded technology they possessed. Both of these possessions helped the Persians progress into one of the most powerful and sophisticated of the ancient empires known to us. The Persians cultural diversity, which made them unique among the other empires, gave them many beneficial advantages over fellow empires. Technology, organization, and culture contributed greatly to the development and later, the honorable remembrance of the Persian Empire.
- 10. The Persian Empire had effective methods of organization and progressive technology, which helped to build and organize the empire. These include the division of the 20 provinces administered by satraps, the institution of a postal system, a standard form of currency (Darics) and measurement, and The Royal Road. Daric
- 11. Persian Empire was so large it was hard to keep unified King Darius created a system with 20 provinces in approximately 521 B.C.E. Each province had a governor known as a satrap This system lasted until the 1900’s THINK ABOUT IT *******The division of these problems also allowed for a group of people to practice their own beliefs and religions within that province without constantly clashing with another group**********
- 12. A governor appointed by the king, to rule local provinces. They collected taxes and recruited soldiers for the king. These governors helped to keep order in these provinces, since it was impossible for a king to control and maintain all of them himself.
- 13. The Royal Road FACTS : - Completed by Darius I in the 5 th century B.C. Ran from the Lydia, Sardes to Persis,Persepolis (1,677 miles) Helped to make traveling faster and easier and expanded trade. This helped Persians export and import goods more efficiently and prevented travelers from getting lost as easily. Rest stations were located along the road. -It was the Persian Empire’s “highway”. -The road did not follow the shortest or simplest routes to some of the important cities, therefore historians believe the western parts of it were built by the Assyrians
- 14. CULTURE Culture became a large part of the Persian Empire as the years progressed. Since the empire involved so many different kinds of people, all with different cultures, the Persian culture as a whole included a variety of art, music, and foods.
- 15. -Earliest Persian artworks include detailed ceramics coming from Susa and Persepolis, bronze objects from Luristan and, gold, silver, and ivory objects from Ziwiye. -During the Achaemenid Dynasty (550-330 B.C) ,Persian art was hugely influenced by the Egyptian and Greek styles. Sculpting and stone carving were famous forms of artistic expression during this time. -Other types of artistic expression include carpet weaving , cylinder seals, and lots of metalwork.
- 16. Seal of Darius I Metalwork Gold Sword Stone Carving Persian Ceramics
- 17. History: There are few records of earliest types of music in the Persian Empire since notation had not been an existing concept at the time. Plus, most of the music was improvisational. We know that music was played in ancient Persian timesis because depictions of musical instruments and musicians have been found in pottery, paintings, and poetry. It is said that Persians favorite music aspect was rhythm, a conclusion derived from the fact that many different kinds of drums were found left behind be the Persians. Instruments: Tombak- Chief percussion of classical Persian music Daf- Persian Frame drum
- 18. FOODS Persians ate similar foods to what is eaten today. Kings ate elaborate stews packed with meat and fruit with herbs. Persians also ate rice and bread made from wheat. yogurt, made from boiled milk, butterfat, and could be eaten cooked or raw. Apricots, artichokes, eggplants, lemons, limes, oranges, pistachios, spinach, tarragon, and saffron all went to Europe from Persia. Cinnamon, cloves, nutmeg, paprika, dill, pomegranates were all condiments and spices used in Persian foods. Lamb and goats were a staple meat eaten by the Persians.
- 19. http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopedia/hutchinson/m0012350.html http://persianempire.info/AchaemenidArt.htm http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/2005/sep/08/architecture http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/ancient-art/persian.htm http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/prehistory/middle_east/persia.html http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikijunior:Ancient_Civilizations/Persians www.wsu.edu/~dee/MESO/PERSIANS.HTM McDougal Littell, A Houghton Mifflin Company, Evanston, Illinois, Boston, Dallas “World History- Patterns of Interaction”, Beck B., Roger, Black, Linda, Krieger S., Larry, Naylor C., Phillip, Shabaka Ibo Dahia http://www.livius.org/ro-rz/royal_road/royal_road.htm http://www.star-one.org.uk/music/permus1.htm
- 20. An Achaemenid daric, 4th century BC . Wikipedia, 16 Nov 2008 < http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedi a/commons/6/69/Double_daric >. Persian empire 490bc Bactria . Map, 14, Nov 2008 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ commons/9/91/Persian_empire_490bc_Bactria.gif . The Persian Royal Road . Map, 15 Nov 2008 < www.wfu.edu /~zulick/300/maps/Persia1.html >. The Persian Satraps . Triskelhs Triskelis, 18 Nov 2008 < pguyou.free.fr/triskele/bibliographie.html >. Hansen, Louisa W. The Royal Road. 2004. Igougo, 18 Nov 2008 < http://photos.igougo.com/images/p119237-Crete-The_Royal_Road.jpg >. The Royal Road. 2004. University of Oregon, 19 Nov 2008 < http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~klio/maps/royal_road_map.gif >. The Royal Road. Harry’s Greece Travel Guide. 19 Nov 2008 < http://www.greeceathensaegeaninfo.com/a-greece-travel/a-h-historic destinations/crete-knossos/kno-royal-rd.jpg >. Persian statue. Photo Chache. 20 Nov 2008 < http://farm1.static.flickr.com/160/427985311_22dc9f7631.jpg?v=0j > . Head of a Parthian. History for Kids. 20 Nov 2008 < www.historyforkids.org/.../history/sassanids.htm > Persian jar. California Academy of Sciences. 21 Nov 2008. < http://research.calacademy.org/research/anthropology/persia/images/0051.jpg >. Persian Drun. Lakewood confrences. 22 Nov 2008 < www.lakewoodconferences.com/catalog/2/151/531 ... .>.
- 21. Zoroastrianism was a great religion that was complex in many ways and was far ahead of its time
- 22. Created by the philosophies of a prophet named Zoroaster Solved the basic question of why there was chaos and pain in the world Believed in heaven, hell and final judgment Judaism, Christianity and Islam all had similar concepts Second monotheistic religion after Judaism
- 23. Assorted Pictures. 2007. Religion of the Achaemenid Empire. 18 Nov. 2008. < http://persianempire.info/zoro.htm >. Heaven. Angel Rays, 23 Nov 2008. <http://www.angelrays.com/plain/images/heaven2.jpg.> Hell. Religious Cults and Sects, 23 Nov. 2008. <http://religion-cults.com/Eastern/Hinduism/hell-11g.jpg.>. McDougal Littell, A Houghton Mifflin Company, Evanston, Illinois, Boston, Dallas “ World History- Patterns of Interaction”, Beck B., Roger, Black, Linda, Krieger S., Larry, Naylor C., Phillip, Shabaka Ibo Dahia. Mobley, George F. Ancient Zoroastrian temple standing near Baku, Azerbaijan. National Geographic, 21 Nov. 2008. <http://java.nationalgeographic.com/studentatlas/clickup/zoroastrianism.html>. “ Persian Empire.” Minnesota State Mankato. 22 Nov. 2008 <http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/prehistory/middle_east/persia.html>. Praying at a Funeral . 2000. Deatch Refrence, 23 Nov. 2008 <http://www.deathreference.com/Vi- Z/Zoroastrianism.html>. “ Religion of the Achaemenid Empire.” PersianEmpire.info. 18 Nov. 2008 < http://persianempire.info/zoro.htm >. White, Gayle C. “Zoroastrianism.” The New Georgia Encyclopedia. 30 Nov. 2006. <http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-1573>. Zoroastrianism. 2004. Religious Cults and Sects, 22 Nov. 2008. <http://www.religion- cults.com/Eastern/Zoroastrianism/parsis.html.>, Zoroaster. Alternate Religion, 24 Nov. 2008. < http://altreligion.about.com/library/graphics/bl_zoroaster.htm Zoroastrianism. Knowledge 2008, 22 Nov. 2008 < http ://www.success.co.il/knowledge/images/Supernatural- Zoroastrianism-Faravahar.jpg >. Map of Ancient Persia. 5 May 2008. Earth’s History, 23 Nov 2008. <http://www.earth- history.com/Persian/index.htm. >
- 24. We hope you enjoyed our presentation and learned a lot about the Persian Empire! http://www.ebibleteacher.com/imagehtml/images karenswhimsy.com/persian-empire.shtm (Persian Empire :: Royal Palace of Ispahan)