Phobia ppt
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Fear is defined as an excessive or unreasonable response to a specific object or situation that almost always provokes anxiety or panic. Phobias are learned through psychoanalytic, learning, and cognitive theories. Phobias are classified including agoraphobia, social phobia, and specific phobias of animals, natural environments, medical procedures, and situations. Diagnosis is based on history and symptoms of anxiety when exposed. Treatment includes antidepressants, benzodiazepines, and psychotherapies like behavior therapy and cognitive therapy.
Phobia ppt
- 2. Definition Fear cued by the presence or anticipation of a specific object or situation exposure to which almost in variably provokes an immediate anxiety response or panic attack even though the subject recognise that the fear is excessive or unreasonable. The phobic stimulus is avoided or endured with naked distress.
- 3. Etiology Psychoanalytic Theory : - Freud believed that phobia developed when a child experience normal incestual feeling towards the opposite gender parent and fear ,aggresion from same gender parents. Modern day psychoanalyst believe in the same concept of phobic development. eg: a female child who was sexually abused by an adult male family friend when he was taking her for a ride in his boat . Learning Theory :- A stressful stimulus produce an unconditioned response of fear . When the stressful stimulus is repeatedly paired with a harmless object. Phobia also maybe acquired by direct learning (modelling). eg: A mother who exhibit fear towards an object will provide a model for the child, who may also develop a phobia of the same object. Cognitive Theory :- Cognitive Theorist expose that an anxiety is the product of faulty cognition or anxiety inducing self instruction. Two type of faulty thinking have been investigated . NEGATIVE SELF STATEMENT AND IRRATIONAL BELIEVES and these produce anxiety reaction.
- 4. Classification F40 :- PHOBIC ANXIETY D/S F40.0 :- AGORAPHOBIA F40.1:- SOCIAL PHOBIA F40.8:- OTHER PHOBIC ANXIETY D/S F40.9 :- PHOBIC ANXIETY D/S UNSPECIFIED.
- 5. Clinical Manifestations Irritate Persistent fear of object Immediate anxiety on contact with fear Loss of control, fainting Avoid of activity involve fear stimulus Worried Sweating Blushing Confusion Urinary urgency Muscle tension Anticipatory anxiety Fear Panic attack
- 11. Types AGORAPHOBIA : In this D/S there is a fear of being in places or situation from which escape might be difficult or in which help might not be available if a limited symptoms attack or panic like symptoms should occur. Onset of symptoms commonly occur in the 20s & 30s and persist for many years . It’s is diagnosed more commonly in women than in men . SOCIAL PHOBIA. : It is an excessive fear of situation in which a person might do something embarrassing or be evaluated negatively by others .The individual has extreme concern being exposed to possible scrutining by others and fear social or performance situation in which embarrassment may occur. It appear to be equally common among men and women. SPECIFIC PHOBIA. : Was formally called SIMPLE PHOBIA The essential feature of this D/S is a marked ,persistent and excessive or unreasonable fear when in the presence of or when anticipating an encounter with a specific object or situation. The DSM IV – TR identify subtype of the most common specific phobia they include the following : ANIMAL TYPE : This subtype would be identified as part of the diagnosis of the fear is of animals or insects . NATURAL ENVIRONMENT TYPE : Example of this subtype include object or situation that occur within the natural environment such as heights,storms and water. BLOOD – INJECTION INJURY TYPE : This diagnosis should be specified if the fear is of seeing blood or an injury or receiving an injection or other medical procedure. SITUATIONAL TYPE. : This subtype is designated if the fear is of a specific situation such as public transportation ,tunnel,bridges,elevators,flying,driving or places.
- 13. OTHER TYPE. :
- 14. Diagnostic Evaluation No specific evaluation test History of phobia when exposed.
- 15. Treatment Pharmacotherapy : Antidepressants , Benzodiazepines Psychotherapy : Behaviour therapy , Cognitive therapy, Group therapy, Family therapy .