PHP-04-Arrays.ppt

PHP Arrays
Dr. Charles Severance
www.wa4e.com
http://www.wa4e.com/code/arrays
http://www.wa4e.com/code/arrays.zip

PHP Arrays Rock!
• Better than Python Dictionaries
• Better than Java Hash Maps
• PHP Arrays have all the benefits of Python Dictionaries
but they can also maintain the order of the items in the
array
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associative_array

Associative Arrays
• Can be key => value or simply indexed by numbers
• Ignore two-dimensional arrays for now...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associative_array

Integer Indices
<?php
$stuff = array("Hi", "There");
echo $stuff[1], "n";
?>
There

Key / Value
<?php
$stuff = array("name" => "Chuck",
"course" => "PHPIntro");
echo $stuff["course"], "n";
?>
PHPIntro

Dumping an Array
• The function print_r() shows PHP data - it is good for
debugging
<?php
echo("<pre>n");print_r($something);echo("n</pre>n");
?>
Array(
[name] => Chuck
[course] => PHPIntro
)

Building up an Array
• You can allocate a new item in the array and append a
value at the same time using empty square braces [ ]
on the right hand side of an assignment statement
$va = array();
$va[] = "Hello";
$va[] = "World";
print_r($va);
Array(
[0] => Hello
[1] => World
)

Building up an Array
• You can also add new items in an array using a key as
well
$za = array();
$za["name"] = "Chuck";
$za["course"] = "PHPIntro";
print_r($za);
Array(
[name] => Chuck
)

Looping Through an Array
<?php
foreach($stuff as $k => $v ) {
echo "Key=",$k," Val=",$v,"n";
}
?>
Key=name Val=Chuck
Key=course Val=PHPIntro

Arrays of
Arrays
$products = array(
'paper' => array(
'copier' => "Copier & Multipurpose",
'inkjet' => "Inkjet Printer",
'laser' => "Laser Printer",
'photo' => "Photographic Paper"),
'pens' => array(
'ball' => "Ball Point",
'hilite' => "Highlighters",
'marker' => "Markers"),
'misc' => array(
'tape' => "Sticky Tape",
'glue' => "Adhesives",
'clips' => "Paperclips")
);
The elements of an array
can be many things other
than a string or integer.
You can even have
objects or other arrays.
echo $products["pens"]["marker"];
Markers

Array Functions
• count($ar) - How many elements in an array
• is_array($ar) - Returns TRUE if a variable is an array
• isset($ar['key']) - Returns TRUE if key is set in the array
• sort($ar) - Sorts the array values (loses key)
• ksort($ar) - Sorts the array by key
• asort($ar) - Sorts array by value, keeping key association
• shuffle($ar) - Shuffles the array into random order

$za = array();
print "Count: " . count($za) . "n";
if ( is_array($za) ) {
echo '$za Is an array' . "n";
} else {
echo '$za Is not an array' . "n";
}
echo isset($za['name']) ? "name is setn" : "name is not setn";
echo isset($za['addr']) ? "addr is setn" : "addr is not setn";
Count: 2
$za Is an array
name is set
addr is not set

$za = array();
$za["topic"] = "PHP";
print_r($za);
sort($za);
print_r($za);
Array(
[name] => Chuck
[topic] => PHP
)
Array(
[0] => Chuck
[1] => PHP
[2] => PHPIntro
)

$za = array();
$za["topic"] = "PHP";
print_r($za);
ksort($za);
print_r($za);
asort($za);
print_r($za);
Array(
[name] => Chuck
[topic] => PHP
)
Array(
[name] => Chuck
[topic] => PHP
)
Array(
[name] => Chuck
[topic] => PHP
)

Arrays and Strings
$inp = "This is a sentence with seven words";
$temp = explode(' ', $inp);
print_r($temp);
Array(
[0] => This
[1] => is
[2] => a
[3] => sentence
[4] => with
[5] => seven
[6] => words
)

PHP Global Variables
• Part of the goal of PHP is to make interacting with
HTTP and HTML as easy as possible
• PHP processes the incoming HTTP Request based on
the protocol specifications and drops the data into
various super global variables (usually arrays)

http://www.wa4e.com/code/arrays/get-01.php

Web Server Database Server
Time
Apache
PHP
MySql
Browser
JavaScri
pt
D
O
M
php
code
static
files
RRC/HTTP SQL
Parse
Respons
e
Parse
Reques
t
ind.ph
p
$_GET

Validation
• Making sure all user data is present and the correct
format before proceeding
• Non empty strlen($var) > 0
• A number is_numeric($var)
• An email address strpos($var, '@') > 0
• ....

http://www.wa4e.com/code/arrays/guess.php?guess=7

http://www.wa4e.com/code/arrays/guess.php?guess=200

Summary
• PHP arrays are a very powerful associative array as they
can be indexed by integers like a list, or use keys to look
values up like a hash map or dictionary
• PHP arrays maintain order and there are many options for
sorting
• We can use explode() to split a string into an array of
strings
• HTTP Information is pre-processed and placed in super
global arrays

Acknowledgements / Contributions
These slides are Copyright 2010- Charles R. Severance
(www.dr-chuck.com) as part of www.wa4e.com and made
available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Please maintain this last slide in all copies of the document
to comply with the attribution requirements of the license. If
you make a change, feel free to add your name and
organization to the list of contributors on this page as you
republish the materials.
Initial Development: Charles Severance, University of
Michigan School of Information
Insert new Contributors and Translators here including
names and dates
Continue new Contributors and Translators here

PHP-04-Arrays.ppt

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