Phrase, clause, and sentence in syntax

PHRASE
A group of two or more grammatically linked words
that do not have subject and predicate is a phrase.
Example :
 Excellent idea.
 Great job.

There are eight different kinds of phrases:
1. Noun phrase.
Example :
 My sister’s room is full of dolls. (NP)
2.Verb phrase.
Example :
Mom is making cakes. (VP)
3. Prepositional phrase
Example :
Rose threw Tom’s golf clubs through the window and onto
the lawn.

4. Infinitive phrase
Example :
 The officer returned to help the inspectors.
5. Participial phrase
Example :
 Stumbling over the junk, I decided to clean up the
garage.
6. Appositive phrase
Example :
 Diana’s mother, owner of a rattlesnake ranch in
Arizona, told Sue to change the locks on the door.

7. Absolute phrase
Example :
 His fiction-writing skill at last perfected to his
satisfaction, Tom knew his next novel would be a
bestseller.

CLAUSE
A group of words that contains a subject and
a predicate.
Example :
 The girl is nice.
 He washes the car.

INDEPENDENT CLAUSE
Independent clause is a clause that can stand by itself.
independent clauses can be joined by using a
semicolon or a comma plus a coordinating conjunction
(for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so).
• And : Women follow more healthful diets, and they
go to doctors more often.
• But : Ram likes tea, but Anthony likes coffee.
• So : I want to work as an interpreter in the
future, so I am studying Russian at university.

 For : He didn’t come to school for yesterday was
raining.
 Nor : The president will not come to the world
climate changing meeting, nor will he come to
another meeting.
 Yet : It was sunny, yet people were indoor.

DEPENDENT CLAUSE
Dependent Clause is clause that can’t stand alone. It used be
connected to an independent clause. There are 3 types of
dependent clause :
1.Adjective clause : is a dependent clause that modifies a
noun. It is possible to combine the following two sentences
to form one sentence containing an adjective clause
Example :
Last year we traveled to San Francisco, which is famous
for its architecture.

2. Adverbial clause : is a clause that functions as
an adverb. In other words, it contains subject
and predicate, and it modifies a verb.
Example :
 When he won the money, he decided to buy a car.
3. Noun clause : Dependent clause that function as noun.
Example :
 We don't know who will be coming from the
employment agency.

SENTENCE
Sentence is a grammatically complete series of words at
least consist of a subject and predicate.
There are 4 types of sentences :
1. Simple sentence, is a sentence structure that
contains one independent clause and no dependent
clauses.
example :
 The baby cried.

2. Compound sentence, is composed of at least
two independent clauses. The clauses are joined by
a coordinating conjunction.
Example :
 Mom went to the store, and my sister went to the
office.
3. Complex sentence, is a sentence with one
independent clause and at least one dependent
clause.
Example :
 That's the man who bought our house.

4. Complex-Compound sentence contains at least
one dependent clause and more than one
independent clause. The clauses are connected by
both conjunctions.
Example :
 The town where I grew up is in the United States.

Phrase, clause, and sentence in syntax

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