Pile Chapter 1 Introduction Ym

INTERIOR DESIGN by John F. Pile Chapter 1: Introduction

Introduction In our modern , technological world, most of us spend a major part of our lives indoors : Home: in a room, apartment, or house. Study: in schools or college. Eat: in restaurants. Work: in shops, factories, or offices. Born: in hospitals, where people also die . Lives are largely spent inside human-created structure . Office work and indoor activities are on the rise.

Average day: We typically spend about 90% of our time inside, with only 10% outside. Vacation: We usually spend about 50-50, 50% of our time indoors and an equal 50% outdoors . Introduction

Many, perhaps even most, of the inside spaces where we spend our time are unsatisfactory . The rooms, corridors, and lobbies of typical schools, hospitals, offices, shops, and factories are all too often crowded , disorganized , unattractive , and depressing . Introduction ?

Rating chart evaluating the quality of the various indoor spaces in which we spend time is: 1 to 10, from worst experience to ideal. Average 5 Introduction Time 9 10 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Space Name

Any enclosure serves several basic purposes : 1. it protects us against the weather . 2. it provides privacy 3. Gives us places where we can keep the things we need in some more or less convenient relationship. Introduction

Equipment: To sit and lie down Prepare and serve food and drink Work: read, conversation, entertainment Special Technology: Storage Communication Cooking and Refrigeration Sound and Image Introduction

Historically , interiors were put together as a natural part of the process of building structures . The development of interior design

Developing civilizations found appropriate ways of building more elaborate structures, which create their own kinds of interior space . The development of interior design

Aristocratic/Royal: Interior as a designed unit As an expression of wealth and power as well as taste , emerged. The Renaissance : A more personal way of thinking about design . The development of interior design

Modern industrial society: Technical Complications A variety of specialized purposes that buildings are expected to serve. The development of interior design

Motive To: make the indoor spaces we occupy as satisfactory, useful, pleasant , and generally supportive as possible. The development of interior design

Every situation will suggest its own list of reasons : Historic Economic Social Technical The development of interior design

We are also able to create spaces in which people can live comfortably , work well , and have pleasant experiences in. Buildings are erected with some care for their technical qualities but with only the most minimal attention to design in any larger sense. The development of interior design

Even when we build with good motives – schools, hospitals, or other public buildings or houses for our own occupancy- it often seems that the complicated tasks of putting together good interior spaces are botched (failed) in any number of ways. The development of interior design

Residential interiors are arranged by their occupants . Offices and other working spaces are also designed at least to some degree, by the people who use them . The development of interior design

A very large number of interiors composed of rooms left as they found them plus some paint from the painter’s standard in color card , rugs and curtains inherited, borrowed , or casually picked out at a local store, and furniture acquired in one way or another set about in any way it will fit in. The development of interior design

With luck, the results may have some level of rough-and-ready comfort. More often the space is: disorganized , inconvenient , and uncomfortable , if not depressing and unattractive . The development of interior design

Public spaces fare are even worse. Too many small shops and offices , restaurants and luncheonettes , school and college classroom , hospitals , factories , airport terminals , and bus stations turn out to be chaotic jumbles of unrelated elements that seem to have no connection with the advanced civilization that has produced them . The development of interior design

The development of interior design Restaurants and shops , hotels and motels , offices and public buildings usually reflect some attempt at design , but is often aimed at promoting some product or service and at pleasing what is thought of as “ public taste ”. Busy patterns, Harsh color schemes, Fussy details.

The development of interior design Most good interiors result from one of two approaches: 1. the use of skilled, talented, and well-trained professionals; experts . 2. untrained private individuals , is to learn something about what it takes to design an interior well and to give careful thought to the decision-making necessary.

The development of interior design Typical interior problems of home and office is within the reach of any interested person who wants to take the trouble.

The practice of interior design The term interior design has come to describe “ a group of related projects that are involved in making any interior space into an effective setting for whatever range of human activities are to take place there .”

The practice of interior design This book… Is concerned with exploring the issues that all interior designers, whether professional or amateur, must face . Provides the basics Serves as a beginning for professional design education. Serves as a framework for dealing with one’s own living and working situations Serves as a background for selecting and working with design professionals .

The practice of interior design Making decisions about what interior design problems to deal with alone on a “do-it-yourself” basis, about when to call for professional help , and about when to consider turning professional oneself is not simple. There would be: Bad interiors Wrong decisions

1. Decorator (or Interior Decorator) Used by general public today Late 19 th and 20 th century Specialists in putting together interiors in various traditional styles (Colonial, Louis XIV, Louis XV, or XVI, Georgian, Modern ...) Focus on the decorative, ornamental, and movable aspects of interior design : color, furniture, rugs, drapery and the fixed details of modeling, paneling . Various professional titles

1. Decorator (or Interior Decorator) Dealers in the elements used in interiors , buying and reselling furniture and rugs and contracting for whatever on-site work needed to be done to pull together a finished project. Negative implications : self appointed decorators, painting contractors, salespeople in drapery outlets. Various professional titles

2. Interior Designer A professional approach to interiors that puts more emphasis on basic planning and functional design than decoration implies . In Europe, Interior architect refers to designers who deal with the basic organization of spaces, lay out room arrangements, and manage technical issues (such as lightening and acoustics), much as architects design entire buildings. Various professional titles

Helene Curtis, Rolling Meadows, Illinois

Evanston Public Library, Evanston, Illinois

3. Space Planner and Office Planner Large corporate and institutional offices that fill whole floors , many floors , or entire buildings with offices and their related services. Various professional titles

3. Space Planner and Office Planner Since office buildings are usually constructed as floors of open , undivided space , layout planning becomes an important first step in their design. Various professional titles

Robinson Silverman Pearce Aronson and Berman, New York, New York

1. Architect An architect must have formal training and experience and must pass an examination leading to registration , a type of license to practice. Architects are prepared to design buildings from the foundation up . The practice of interior design

1. Architect The architect’s design includes many interior elements : room shapes, door and window locations, details and selection of materials, such as lighting, heating, air-conditioning, pluming, and related fixtures. Traditionally, architects provided fairly complete interior design , sometimes stopping short of furniture and decorative elements and sometimes including these as well. The practice of interior design

1. Architect In modern practice, architects design some buildings as shells (office buildings, for example), leaving the interior design to others. A museum , church or school, for example, provide complete interior design . The practice of interior design

Hewitt Associates LLC, Lincolnshire, Illinois

The Residences at Water Tower Place, Chicago, Illinois

Creative Assets, Santa Monica, CA

Senior Residences Key Tower, Seattle

2. Industrial Designer Design Products , such as appliances ,, machinery , automobiles. Furniture, hardware and light fixes , are elements used in interior design. Industrial designers also deal with the interiors of automobiles , ships, aircraft, shops, restaurants . Exhibition design often comes within the province of industrial designers. The practice of interior design

3. Other Specialists 1. Architects Participate in the work of interior designers as consultants . Structural changes (moving a wall or adding a staircase) is when the technical problems extend beyond the scope of the interior designer’s training The Practice of Interior Design

2. Engineers Mange complex and extensive technical issues . Architectural engineers are concerned with the structural and mechanical engineering . Structural engineering is required for large buildings. Mechanical engineering deals with plumbing, electrical systems; heating ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC), and such elements as elevators, escalators. The Practice of Interior Design

3. Lighting consultants Plan good functional lighting for offices and schools or attractive lighting for stores and restaurants. 4. Acoustical consultants This deals with problems of noise (in a restaurant or cafeteria), sound in a theater or concert hall . The Practice of Interior Design

5.Experts In a specific type of space – hospitals , restaurants (and their kitchens), or theaters. 6. Certain kind of problems Can be furniture design , signs , and graphic elements , or in the selection of works of art . Large projects may involve almost every one of the specialists and consultants mentioned. Every designer needs to understand these various fields and to know when and where to seek specialized help . The Practice of Interior Design

Residential and Contract Design It is divided into two broad classes: 1. Residential Design Small to medium in size projects. Large apartment or house is within the scope of an individual designer.

Residential and Contract Design It is divided into two broad classes: 1. Residential Design Work can be done in one’s own room , apartment , or house . Residential work tends to be particularly personal , with rapport between designer and client , a shared taste and point of view , vital to success.

Patience and willingness . Many larger firms avoid residential work , finding the problems of client relationships and the level of detail too demanding in relation to the fees that can be charged. Residential and contract design

2. Contract design More public spaces for commercial and institutional use, tends to generate larger projects with clients ranging from individuals to large corporations or institutions. Residential and contract design

2. Contract design Less personal in their needs and demands. Larger organization often represented by committees or by various individuals, presenting communication problems to the designer. Residential and contract design

In “Public interiors” specialization is likely to develop. The size of projects , their long duration , and the large fees involved makes this kind of work attractive to larger design firms . The interior design is a complex endeavor requiring knowledge of its elements and how they fit together. Residential and contract design

It is helpful to become aware of all the design around us , in order to assess its quality , and to reject bad design , even when it is commercially successful and attractively packaged. Becoming familiar with the books , exhibitions , and literature that interest professional designers and architects soon leads to a growing “ feel ” for quality in every aspect of design work. Residential and contract design

1. Increasing Professionalism Trend toward greater professionalism . The field more serious and demanding . Professional training is now the norm. Full four-year college courses are available. Current issues, future directions

1.a. Licensing Is contributing to the increase in professionalism . Professions must be licensed to practice their professions. Health, safety, and welfare of their clients are influenced by the skill and responsibility of these professionals. Current issues, future directions

In the past it was commonly thought that the work of designers, dealing solely with the aesthetics of decoration. Fire laws regulating exit routes and safety equipment , lighting requirements that influence ease of vision as well as energy consumption , and stair and railing design all involve safety issues. Air quality is affected both by materials in use and by systems of ventilation, with clear health implications. Barrier-free access for people with disabilities is an important “welfare” concern. Current issues, future directions

The professional designers must pass an examination . Most licensing laws specify that some combination of design education and practical experience . Licensing laws: 1. Title “ interior designer” 2. Practice laws Control the profession more precisely Required in the seal of a licensed designer on the plans and other drawings that will be used for a project. Current issues, future directions

1.b. Qualifying Examination Is to pass an examination . Setting higher professional standards is raising the level of design training and, in turn, the level of expectation on the part of prospective employers and clients . Clients employ skilled interior designers which can contribute, as facilities planners . There are many interior design services offered by some furniture and department store , which provide well-designed products, furniture, textiles, carpets, accessories and other components of interior design. Current issues, future directions

2. Growing Public Interest in Design. Public awareness and acceptance of good design are well established, with books, magazines, and newspaper home design pages joining with museum exhibitions. Well-designed automobiles , stereo equipment , appliances . Current issues, future directions

3. Computers and design Interior design is particularly well suited to computer applications. Current issues, future directions

4. Types of future projects Increase in professionalism. Large and small projects . Current issues, future directions

4.a. Large projects Corporate, institutional, commercial, and government sponsors . Is placed in the hands of larger firms , with a staff headed by trained professionals, licensed or accredited. Levels of experience and training . Space planning, design, drafting, materials, and color, or specification, and purchasing . Interior design departments of large architectural firms. Current issues, future directions

4.b. Small projects Residential design , retail shops , individual professional offices , and single spaces within larger buildings. Dealing with a client, offering supervision, and other complications take too much time-consuming in proportion to the fees. The client usually expects a highly personal level of design service . Opportunities for individual practitioners and very small firms , partnerships or designers with one or two assistants. .. Scale and pace of work. Current issues, future directions

Small firms can give individual clients the personal attention they demand, and can do so at fee levels in line with the scale of the work in question. All of this suggests a future in which the medium-sized, all-purpose design firm will become rare , while both large, highly organized firms and individual designers and small firms will flourish . Current issues, future directions

5. User Participation in Design Economic mobility in the general population , more widely available education , and an increasing recognition of the benefits of quality design concerns more widely known. Design-oriented magazines , design shows at museums, the scale of design books , and the success of retail shops devoted to home products of high level of design excellence all point to a parallel trend toward the public’s acceptance of a role in improving their home situations. Design quality: Public awareness of design standards leads to demand for excellence. Current issues, future directions

6. Consultant Services Advisory service . This may include: a visit to the space , discussion of how particular problems might be solved , advice about color and materials , suggestions for furniture selection , and any other issues the householder may find problematic. The consultant may provide: plans or sketches , access to catalogs and showrooms , and references to tradesmen and contractors . Current issues, future directions

Many people hesitate to turn over a project fully to professionals not only because they wish to control of decisions about their own homes . A limited consultant service can be a highly satisfactory middle ground between totally unaided “do-it-yourself” design and full professional service. Current issues, future directions

7. Trends Increasing populations will give rise to a greater concentration of people in cities and urban regions , leading to crowding and a reduction in the per capita space available . As resources are consumed faster than they can be replaced, the cost of materials and products will increase . Spaces for living and working are likely to get smaller , focusing attention on ways of gaining reasonable comfort in smaller spaces. Current issues, future directions

New versions of electronic goods , such as stereo equipment , television sets and computers , are both smaller and functionally improved. Current issues, future directions

This can lead to an increased concern for high quality and long life in the selection of materials and products . Environmental issues relating to the consumption of energy and resources , the problems of waste disposal , and the protection of the environment , cannot be ignored. Special needs of the very young and the very old and the difficulties faced by people who have some sort of disability – temporary or permanent – have been recognized as critical Current issues, future directions

Designs in the 1980s seemed to glory in displays of affluence and power : private residences of staggering size and elaboration, corporate headquarters rivaling the royal palaces of the past, and mall and atriums that seemed to celebrate impulsive spending. Current issues, future directions

Interest in restraint and a broader sense of responsibility are in the minds of many designers and their clients. Unlimited funds , in reality the demands of economy and simplicity also have created design excellence. Current issues, future directions

We expect in the 1990s to favor design values of an increasingly idealistic nature. Futuristic thinking in technology suggests that an escape from obsessive materialism might be explored through a group of techniques sometimes called virtual reality . Current issues, future directions

Computer simulation makes it possible to study a set of alternatives so that the consequences of various actions can be observed and evaluated with great rapidity ; sensory output - flight simulators, popular computer games simulations. Current issues, future directions

SUSTAINABLE DESIGN “ Sustainability ” has become a buzz word in design these days, too often used casually and inaccurately. “ Sustainability” means “taking no more from the earth than it can readily replenish, and depositing no more into the earth than it can safely assimilate .” It means protecting the biosphere, and providing for the health and well being of future generations. The health of our planet is in jeopardy due to over exploitation of our resources and our creation of wastes. Current issues, future directions

SUSTAINABLE DESIGN What does this have to do with interior design? Every decision we make ultimately bears some impact on the environment : from the materials and furnishings we select to the amount of energy we consume. In addition, the design and furnishing of interiors can impact the health of a building’s inhabitants . Current issues, future directions

Pile Chapter 1 Introduction Ym

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Pile Chapter 1 Introduction Ym