Pishin - Integrated Development Vision

The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the
material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of
IUCN concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its
authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
Published by:
IUCN Pakistan
Copyright:
© 2011 IUCN, the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural
Resources.
Pishin - Integrated District Development Vision was developed by the Pishin
District Government, with technical assistance of IUCN Pakistan under its project
Balochistan Partnerships for Sustainable Development (BPSD) and financial
support by the Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands (EKN).
Citation is encouraged. Reproduction and/or translation of this publication for
educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorised without prior written
permission from IUCN Pakistan, provided the source is fully acknowledged.
Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is
prohibited without prior written permission from IUCN Pakistan.
The opinions expressed in this document do not constitute an endorsement by
the EKN.
Citation:
Pishin District Government (2011). Pishin - Integrated District Development
Vision. IUCN Pakistan, Quetta, Pakistan. xii+100 pp.
Research and development:
Abdul Latif Rao
Resource person:
Hamid Sarfraz
Facilitation:
Zabardast Khan Bangash, Mehboob Ali, Naseebullah Khan
Editors:
Madiha Aijaz, Zeevar Scheik and Sara Fatima Azfar
Design:
Azhar Saeed, IUCN Pakistan
Cover photographs:
Naseebullah Khan, Madiha Aijaz and IUCN Balochistan Programme
Printed by:
Rosette Printers
Available from:
IUCN Pakistan
Balochistan Programme Office
Marker Cottage, Zarghoon Road
Quetta, Pakistan
Tel: +92 (81) 2840450/51/52
Fax: +92 (81) 2820706
www.iucn.org/pakistan

iii
Pishin Integrated Development Vision
Contents
Acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .v
Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 Procedure and methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2 Governance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.3 Transparency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.4 Gender mainstreaming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.5 Disaster risk mitigation and preparedness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.5.1 Earthquakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.5.2 Droughts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.5.3 Floods, cold waves and landslides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2. Population settlement patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.1 Housing and settlement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3. Social sectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.1 Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.2 Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3.3 Drinking water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.4 Sanitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
4. Natural resource management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
4.1 Land use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
4.2 Integrated water resource management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
4.3 Forests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
4.4 Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
4.5 Wildlife and protected areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
4.6 Rangelands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
5. Agriculture and livestock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
5.1 Livestock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
5.2 Poultry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
5.3 Fruits and Vegetables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

6. Poverty alleviation and livelihood diversification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
6.1 Labour force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
6.2 Economic opportunities and livelihood diversification . . . . . . . . . . . 53
6.3 Private sector development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
6.4 Communication and infrastructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
6.5 Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
6.6 Ecotourism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
7. Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Annexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Annex I: Vision 2030 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Annex II: Millennium Development Goals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Annex III: Citizens Community Boards in Pishin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Annex IV: Data Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
iv

BEMIS Balochistan Education Management Information System
BEPA Balochistan Environment Protection Agency
BHMIS Balochistan Health Management Information System
BISP Benazir Income Support Programme
BLGO Balochistan Local Government Ordinance
CCB Citizen Community Board
CNG Compressed Natural Gas
CNIC Computerised National Identity Card
CSOs Civil Society Organisations
DFPAP District Forest and Protected Area Plans
EOBI Employees Old-Age Benefits Institution
EPI Expanded Programme on Immunization
FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation
GIS Geographic Information System
GoB Government of Balochistan
GoP Government of Pakistan
IDDV Integrated District Development Vision
IUCN International Union for the Conservation of Nature
LHW/V Lady Health Workers/Visitors
LPG Liquified Petroleum Gas
M&E Monitoring and Evaluation
MAP Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
MICS Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey
NGOs Non Government Organisations
NIPS National Institute of Population Studies
O&M Operation and Maintenance
PHED Public Health Engineering Department
PSDP Public Sector Development Programme
SMEs Small and Medium Enterprises
UNDP United Nations Development Programme
UNICEF United Nations Children Fund
WB World Bank
WHO World Health Organization
WLL Wireless Local Loop
WWF World Wildlife Fund
v
Acronyms

Pishin district»s Integrated District Development Vision (IDDV) presents a statement
of the district»s development vision and in the absence of other strategic plans it
may be read as a policy statement on part of the district. A development vision
expresses a desirable future condition envisaged by a nation, region or
administrative unit, and charts a course of action for its attainment. It is a statement
of commitment that expresses concerns and values of local communities regarding
their priorities and resource allocation decisions.
Five principles have guided the IDDV's formulation process:
Consultation with citizens and stakeholders;
Consensus building;
Long term sustainability;
Integrated planning and management; and
Equity (gender and income).
Pishin»s IDDV has gained legitimacy as consultations were the bedrock of its
formulation process. These have provided a way to capture local and collective
thinking, transform a spirit of collective responsibility into action, and ensure
ownership of priorities and choices. A total of 241 people have participated in
consultations in 28 meetings/workshops.
The IDDV formulation process was launched in October 2008 and completed in
May 2011. It spanned two very different legal dispensations at the district level √ in
2008 the Balochistan Local Government Ordinance 2001 was still effective and
vi
Executive Summary
Figure 1: Enrolment (primary, middle and high) by gender
Source: BEMIS, 2008-09
NumberofStudents
80,000
70,000
60,000
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
Total
Boys
Girls
2002 2008
53,496
36,422
17,074
67,917
43,508
24,409

vii
currently a new local government ordinance is
awaited. Regardless of the governance system,
district level visions and plans provide focus and
continuity to work at the district and provincial
levels. They ensure the following good practices:
Consensus in planning, target setting and fund
allocation;
Participation, particularly of women in decision
making;
Equity and where necessary positive
discrimination for the poor and vulnerable;
Responsiveness to citizens and
clients/customers;
Effectiveness and efficiency in service delivery;
Social accountability and transparency of
information; and
Enforcement of laws.
In 1998, the total number of rural localities were 386
with a total rural population of 344,228 (93.7 per
cent of the total population) in Pishin district. Pishin
town was the only urban area in the district in 1998
with a population of 22,955 (6.3 per cent of the total
population). The total population of the district in
1998 was 367,183. The sex ratio of males: per 100
females was 114.9 indicating the impoverishment of
women. In addition there are close to 150, 000
Afghan refugees in the district. Additionally, nomads
from Afghanistan, and their livestock, migrate into
and through the Toba Kakari highlands to spend the
winters in Balochistan. The major tribes in the
district are Kakar, Tarin, Syed and Achakzai.
Landowners and traders are generally Tarins, Kakars
and Syeds. Pashto is widely spoken while Urdu is
also spoken in urban areas.
The average number of persons per household in
1981 was 8.6 (3.6 persons per room). The
household size was 9.1 in 1998. The majority of the
population (66.72 per cent) lived in 2-4 room
houses. According to the Multiple Indicator Cluster
Survey (2004), in Pishin district, there were 3.1
persons per room. The percentage of households
with access to piped water was 47.9 per cent. 23
per cent of households had adequate sanitation
facilities, 78.4 per cent of households had
electricity, 45.4 households had exposure to
radio.The population density of 37.5 persons per
km2 in 1981 increased to 46.96 persons per km2 in
1998. Pishin Town and its surrounding areas are
densely populated. The villages in the Pishin district
range from 30 to 300 households.
In Pishin district, about 6.03 per cent of the
housing units have the standard pucca walls made
of baked bricks/blocks and stones with cement
bonding compared with 4.77 per cent in rural
areas. 85.19 per cent of the walls are made of un-
backed bricks with mud bonding.
Pishin»s risk status for natural disasters is:
1. high for earthquakes;
2. high for droughts; and
3. low for floods, locusts/pests.
The literacy rate in the district is 31.4 per cent
(male literacy rate 47.29 per cent and the female
literacy rate 13.15 per cent). There are over 800
Source: Balochistan Health Management Information System, 2009
Figure 2: Priority diseases in Pishin district (2009)Population
Types of diseases
Diarrhoea
50,000
45,000
40,000
35,000
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
45,00010,000
5,000
0
Dysentery
ARI
Fever
Cough
Dog Bite
Scabies
Over 5 yr
1-4 yr
Under 1 yr
Under 1 yr
1-4 yr
Over 5 yr

schools in the district (different sources quote
different numbers). Mohallah/home schools, 37
mosque schools (primary level) and a small
number of primary schools are managed by the
private sector. Some of the government»s primary
schools are provided some assistance from
international donors and NGOs. Vocational
training, middle schools, high schools, colleges,
teacher training institutes are mainly managed by
GoB. In Pishin district all government primary,
middle and high schools teach in Urdu. Only one
private middle school teaches in English. There is
no technical school, polytechnic institute or Cadet
College in Pishin. No specialised courses for
Figure 3: Designated forests and area in Pishin district (2010)
SOURCE: Balochistan Forest and Wildlife Department, 2010
viii Source: Water Requirements of Major Crops for Different Agro-Climatic Zones of Balochistan, 2006
Figure 4: Crop and water requirement in zone V (includes Pishin)
4,000
3,500
3,000
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
0
Grapes
Apple/
Cherry
Apricot/
Almonds
Pomegranate Alfalfa
500
CWR (mm) 314 686-825
603-698 784-842
ETO (mm) 431 1,082-1270
1,059-1227 909-964
928 1,393 1,393 1,393 833
2,026 2,125 2,126 2,126 1,049
38%
25%
18%
7%
5%
2%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1% 0%
Maselakh Maselakh-S Targatu Takatu-N Surghund Surkhab
Gwal Mari Chak Umai Popal zai Band K.K Sarawat

ix
learning English or computer science are offered in
the district.
Out of 69 doctors in the district 55 were male and
14 female; of seven nurses two were male and five
female; there was one pharmacist, 40 Lady Health
Workers and 62 daees/midwives. In 2007, 220,410
outpatients were treated in hospitals and
dispensaries including 103,828 males and 116,582
females. According to MICS 2004, 46 per cent
mothers received antenatal care from a skilled
health worker in Pishin district; skilled attendants
provided 8 per cent mothers information on
HIV/AIDS. Between 12-23 months of age 23 per
cent children were fully immunised, 18 per cent
partially immunised, and 59 per cent were not
immunised at all.
In 2006-07 there were:
1. 45 bed District Head Quarter Hospital
2. 29 Basic Health Units
3. Six Rural Health Centres with10 beds each
4. 19 Civil Dispensaries
5. Four Mother and Child Health Centres
6. 9 Health Auxiliaries
7. One TB clinic
8. 1 Mobile Health Unit
9. Three school health service units for
vaccination and drug control.
10. In the private sector there were only two
hospitals with 10 beds each.
11. EPI Centres, family welfare clinics, family
planning clinics, and a nurse training school are
also present in the district.
Sanitation and solid waste coverage is poor and
public health risks are high. The main source of
drinking water was groundwater, with the majority
of households served by electric or diesel
generated tube wells/piped schemes. The Public
Health Engineering Department (PHED) and the
municipal administration have been struggling to
provide improved drinking water. PHED built 187
water supply and sanitation schemes of which 44
are managed by PHED and 137 have been
transferred to communities. According to
information provided by the local government, 57
per cent of the population in Pishin district had
access to improved sources of drinking water, 49
per cent households had this access, and 52 per
cent had access within one km distance or half-an-
hour return travel time. Of the 57 per cent
population that had an improved water source, only
2 per cent disposed wastewater safely. Adequate
sanitation is provided to 23 per cent of the
population. 91 per cent of the population wash
Figure 5: Sources of water for irrigation in Pishin district
Sources: Agricultural Statistics of Balochistan, 2008-09
Wells
2%
Karezes, Springs &
Others
2%
Tube wells
96%

their hands before eating whereas 21 per cent
wash their hands after returning from the toilet.
Improved natural resource management remains a
challenge in the absence of baseline maps which
would help reconcile basic data such as area of
district, consolidated area, cultivated area, forests,
rangelands, etc. From discussions and
consultations it is clear that the reason for inertia
amongst citizens, decision makers and
stakeholders on the non sustainable over
exploitation of ground water resource is not only
lack of awareness. The onus for action rests with
the Pishin District Government to lobby for the
removal of subsidy on electricity for agricultural
purposes and the rehabilitation of karezats. The
sustainability of livestock, agriculture, rangelands
and forests rests on water availability as does that
of human settlements.
More than one third of the area i.e. 37.32 per cent
is not even reported (non-surveyed).
x
Figure 6: Agricultural machinery in Pishin district (2008-09)
SOURCE: Agricultural Statistics of Balochistan, 2008-09
Machinery
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
T. Wells (Electric) T. Wells (Diesel) Tractors Threshers Bulldozers
3,343 1,023 1,048 162 21
3,169 1,009 1,038 158 9
174 14 10 4 12
Total
Private
Govt.
SOURCE: Balochistan Livestock Census, 2006
Figure 7: Number of domestic poultry birds by size of flock in Pishin district (2006)
Flocksize
Number of poultry birds
200-500
100-200
76-100
51-75
26-50
25-Nov
10-Jan
0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000
Cocks
Hens
Chicken
Ducks Drakes
& Ducklings

The total geographical area of the district is 8,812
km2. The reported area is 293,868 hectares (about
37.32 per cent) and 493,532 hectares is non-
reported area is (about 62.68 per cent) of the total
geographical area. In 2008-09, the area, which was
not available for cultivation, was 82,150 hectares
(27.95 per cent of reported area). Total uncultivated
area is 141,434 hectares (48.12 per cent). Area
under forests is 26,438 hectares (8.99 per cent).
Total cultivated area in the year 2008-09 was
152,434 hectares (51.87 per cent) out of which
31,667 hectares (10.77 per cent) was the net sown
area. Cultivable waste was 32,846 hectares (11.17
per cent).
Agriculture and livestock are the mainstay of the
economy. Agriculture consumes 95 per cent of the
groundwater and most of the surface water. As
groundwater availability drops a shift away from
agriculture (particularly orchards) to livestock is
expected. Moreover, in order to ensure that
livestock assets do not perish during any future
droughts infrastructure for slaughtering, selling and
storage needs to be built. Livestock and poultry
common in the district are chickens, goats, cows,
sheep, asses, camels, buffaloes, mules and horses.
22,865 households reported on the number of
cattle; the number of animals reported was 91,433;
number of male cattle three years and above was
7,018, of which 3,858 were used for breeding,
number of male cattle below three years was
17,914; the number of female cattle was 53,654-
47,427 were in milk, 3,577 were dry and 2,650 had
not yet calved; and the number of female cattle
below three years was 12,848. Out of 22,258
households 7,196 (32.33 per cent of the total) got
their cows and buffaloes artificially inseminated; 3,228
(14.5 per cent) households did not like artificial
insemination whereas 2,103 (9.45 per cent)
households reported that the Artificial Insemination
Centre was located at a distance that was beyond the
reach of the households. There area seven veterinary
hospitals and 27 veterinary dispensaries. During 2007,
194,457 animals were treated, 277,984 vaccinated
and 790 castrated. The most prevalent diseases
among livestock in the district are foot and mouth
disease, round worms, ticks, and tetanus.
The district is home to a number of forests which
are under threat, not only because of water
shortage and overgrazing but also because of the
high dependence on wood for heating. The total
forest area of Pishin district, as per the Government
of Balochistan»s (GoB) notifications, is 73,775
hectares. This includes rangelands like Maslakh
(28,243 hectares) as well a part of Surghund Forest.
There is an additional artificial forest reserve
situated at Bund Khush Dil Khan of over 475
hectares. Forests not only play a vital role for
microenvironments and biodiversity but have
tremendous potential for ecotourism (catering both
to people residing in the district, therefore
expanding the number of cultural and recreational
opportunities, and to tourists from outside the
district).
Of the local workforce, 49.9 per cent of the
employed labour force was in the agricultural
sector, and an additional 15-20 per cent worked on
lands irrigated by tube wells i.e. about 60,000
workers were engaged in the agricultural sector.
Skilled agricultural workers were only 50.30 per
cent of the total employed and active labour force.
Over the next few years Pishin District
Government, in collaboration with GoB and other
development partners, will prepare plans and
strategies that will enable the implementation of
the IDDV. Interventions addressing endemic
inefficiencies such as inappropriate human xi
Figure 8: Mineral wise number of concessions granted and area as of 30th June, 2006
SOURCE: Balochistan Directorate General of Minerals and Mining, 2010
LIMESTONE
1%
IRON ORE
1%
QUARTZITE
1%
MARBLE
4%
MICA 1%
GRANITE 1%
COPPER
2%
COAL 2%
CHROMITE
13%
LIMESTONE
3%
IRON ORE
1%
QUARTZITE
6%
MARBLE
12%
MICA
0%
GRANITE
2%
COPPER
15%
COAL
15%
CHROMITE
46%

resource systems, lack of transparency of
information, and poor capacity will be integral to
these plans as will gender mainstreaming.
Furthermore the need for incentives for working in
remote areas and improvements in the law and
order situation will be addressed through these
plans and strategies:
1. Population settlement strategy: zoning, land
use, settlement hierarchies etc.
2. Disaster mitigation and preparedness strategy
3. Social sector plans: education, health, and
water and sanitation
4. Culture and recreation strategy: ecotourism,
handicrafts etc.
5. Livelihood diversification plan including
strategies for mines and minerals, energy and
private sector participation
6. Natural resource management: integrated
water, forests and protected areas, rangelands,
and wildlife
7. Agriculture plan including floriculture
8. Livestock and poultry plan
9. Monitoring and evaluation plan
One of the major challenges that lies ahead is the
alignment of district priorities with provincial
financial allocations. As the situation stands
currently there is a mismatch between priorities
identified during the IDDV formulation process and
provincial government priorities as reflected in
financial allocations. The IDDV identified the
following priorities (in descending order): drinking
water, health and education. The provincial
government has allocated finances based on the
following priorities (descending order):
communication and roads, urban planning and
development, health.
The test of Pishin»s IDDV rests on its ability to
mobilise resources - human, financial, political and
environmental. This requires detailed sectoral plans
and budgets, the merging of these sectoral plans
into a detailed district strategic plan with a budget,
and finally the alignment of financial allocations
according to the district»s strategy. Translation of
the IDDV into action therefore requires proactive
planning for efficient and effective achievement of
district level goals.
xii
SOURCE: PSDP, 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010-11
Figure 9: Sectoral PSDP Allocation (2008-09/2009-10/2010-11) for Pishin district
Rs.inMillion
Sectors
10000
9000
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
Roads
Education
Fisheries
Social W
elfare
&
W
om
en
Dev.
Health
Agriculture
PHE
Environm
ent
Local G
ovt.
Pow
er
PP&H
M
ining
Livestock
Forestry
Irrigation
Labour &
M
anpow
er
Sports
Inform
ation
Tech.
2010-11
2009-10
2008-09

1
Dera Ismail Khan Integrated Development Vision
1. Introduction
A
«development vision» expresses a
desirable future condition
envisaged by a nation, region or
administrative unit, and charts a course of
action for its attainment. It is a statement
of commitment that expresses concerns
and values of local communities on their
priorities and resource allocation
decisions.
Such a vision needs to be able to mobilise
resources √ human, financial,
environmental and political √ to achieve
common development goals. A wide
consultative process involving all
stakeholders is a prerequisite for such a
vision to evolve. This provides a way to
capture local and collective thinking,
transform a spirit of collective
responsibility into action, and ensure
ownership of choices made.
Translation of the vision into action
requires proactive planning for efficient
and effective achievement of goals.
Planning involves: setting of short,
medium and long term targets; integration
and interaction across sectors, tiers and
partners; definition of roles and
responsibilities; and incorporating
learnings highlighted by the monitoring
and evaluation system.

In the absence of democratic representation
at the district level, the Integrated District
Development Vision (IDDV) can play a pivotal
role in ensuring effective, efficient, equitable
and sustainable services. It can facilitate in
the:
1. Translation of provincial policies, strategies
and priorities;
2. Identification of district development
priorities;
3. Articulation of budgetary priorities;
4. Introduction of people-centred planning
and coordination and participatory
approaches to service delivery and
monitoring;
5. Optimisation of systems and capacity
(civil society, private sector etc.);
6. Inculcation of monitoring and evaluation
services;
7. Collation of baseline information;
8. Preparation of district wise sector specific
plans; and
9. Integration of inter-sectoral coordination.
The Pishin IDDV is robust, commands
ownership from a range of stakeholders, and
has maintained legitimacy under different legal
and institutional dispensations.
The Pishin IDDV was started when the
Balochistan Local Government Ordinance
2001 (BLGO 2001) was still in effect. Under
this new local government system, elected
representatives headed local governments
and were supported at the provincial level by
more transparent institutions such as the
Provincial Financial Commission. The
Balochistan Assembly repealed the BLGO
2001 in March 2010.
As the first comprehensive sustainable
development strategy for the district, Pishin«s
IDDV represents a statement of district
government policy. The Deputy Commissioner
will implement the IDDV as they oversee and
coordinate provincial departments at the
district level; the Vision will work towards
reducing the deficit in trust and coordination
that exists amongst stakeholders. A
committee may be established (or the IDDV
Committee may be continued) with
representation from key stakeholders to
oversee the implementation of the IDDV and
to revise, update and improve on it.
1.1 Procedure and
methodology
Pishin IDDV»s legitimacy is anchored in a
broad based consultative process. The IDDV
was launched at a meeting presided by the
District Coordination Officer1 Pishin in July
2008. An IDDV Committee was established
that oversaw the formulation process.
The following principles guided the
formulation process of the Pishin IDDV:
1. Consultation with citizens, communities
and key stakeholders;
2. Consensus building;
3. Long-term sustainability;
4. Integrated planning and management; and
5. Equity (gender, income etc.).
During the IDDV formulation process 28
meetings/workshops were held in which a
total of 241 people participated.
A search for published and un-published data
and analysis pertaining to the district was
undertaken and collated.2 The information
gathering procedure included discussions
with:
1. Citizens and community representatives;
2. Private sector representatives (mining,
agriculture, livestock, poultry, water,
transport, businesses, tourism,
traders/transporters from outside the
district);
3. Media (print and electronic);
2
1 Provincial government nominee who worked under an elected District Nazim.
2 All the data has not been included in this report. Interested readers may request Pishin District Government or IUCN for additional
data.

4. Academia (education and research
organisations in the country); and
5. Civil Society Organisations (CSOs) and
Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs)
such as Balochistan Rural Support
Programme (BRSP), Taraqee Foundation
and Strengthening Participatory
Organization (SPO); and
6. International organisations, e.g.
International Union for the Conservation of
Nature (IUCN) and the Food and
Agricultural Organisation (FAO).
7. The district administration distributed a
draft to stakeholders for views, feedback
and comments. A consultative workshop
was held on the IDDV before its
endorsement.
1.2 Governance
In 1839, the British occupied Pishin for the
first time. They then re-occupied it in 1875. In
April 1883 it was included in the administrative
unit of Quetta, under a Political Agent/Deputy
Commissioner. In 1975, Pishin was separated
from Quetta and given the status of a district.
In 1994, Pishin was bifurcated into two
districts: Pishin and Qila Abdullah.
The elected representatives from the National
Assembly constituency NA-261 Pishin-cum-
Ziarat and three provincial assembly
3
Source: Based on data sent by IUCN «IDDVs Chronology»
Figure 1: IDDV formulation process
Passing of
Resolution by
District Council
Saturday 18
October 2008
First Meeting
IDDV Committee
March 2009
Constitution and
Notification of the
IDDV Committee
Meeting
Thursday 16
April 2009
Situation Analysis
and Data
Collection
April-May 2009
First Draft
of IDDV
July 2009 -
5 July 2010
Sharing of First
Draft IDDV with
Stakeholders
July 2010
Review Meeting
with Stakeholders
Thursday 5
August 2010
Consultations with
Stakeholders
12-14 June 2009
IDDV Completed
Approval by
District Govt.
24 May 2011

4
3 Population Census Organisation (1998). District Census Report Pishin 1998. Islamabad, Pakistan: Government of Pakistan.
4 Secretaries Finance, Planning and Development and Local Government are the members of the committee. The Administrative
Secretary of the Local Government Board is the secretary to this committee. The committee allocates development and non-
development funds for local councils. Information provided on phone by Additional Secretary Finance Mr. Kaleemullah on 20
September 2011.
Table 1: Sabotage activities in Pishin
Number and type of explosions Persons killed Persons injured
YEAR BOMB LAND HAND ROCKET
BLAST MINE GRENADE FIRE
2002 - - - - - -
2003 - - - - - -
2004 1 5 2 - 1 -
2005 2 - - - 1 2
2006 1 - - - - -
4 April 2007 - - - - - -
Total 4 5 2 - 2 2
Source: Balochistan Disaster Risk Management Plan, 2006
constituencies (PB-8 Pishin-I, PB-9 Pishin-II,
and PB-10 Pishin-III) represent the people of
Pishin district in the National Assembly and
Balochistan Assembly respectively. Tribal
affiliations play a crucial role in electing public
representatives.
Pishin is further divided into five tehsils:
Pishin, Karezat, Barshore, Hurramzai (partially
functional) and Saranan (notified but not
functional as a tehsil). Saranan tehsil consists
of the southern part of the existing Pishin
tehsil. Ajram and other southern areas may
receive more attention from this arrangement.
There are 17 Patwari Circles in these five
tehsils.3
Generally, the security situation in Pishin
district has been unaffected by militancy.
Until recently, the responsibility for law and
order in Pishin district was divided between
the police department, which was responsible
for urban areas and Levies which were
responsible for rural areas (Levies work under
the supervision of Tehsildars). In 2007, Pishin
district had only eight police stations.
Under the 18th amendment to the
Constitution of Pakistan, subjects on the
concurrent list have been transferred to the
province. Currently, it is unclear how many of
these functions will be transferred by the
Government of Balochistan (GoB) to its
departments» district administrations. In
addition, the GoB is designing a new local
government system. Therefore the structures,
through which citizens engage with the state
for areas related to everyday life, remain in
flux.
The GoB has decided to continue with certain
decentralisation-neutral reforms that were
brought in with the BLGO 2001, including
district government budgets and a Local
Government Grants Committee headed by the
Finance Minister4 (taking from Provincial
Finance Commission instrument under the
BLGO 2001).
Despite the current governance situation there
is room for the IDDV to contribute to improved
governance in the district through the
following eight areas:
1. Consensus in planning, target setting and
fund allocation;
2. Participation, particularly of women in
decision making;
3. Equity and positive discrimination for the
poor and vulnerable;

4. Accountability and responsiveness to
citizens;
5. Effectiveness and efficiency in service
delivery;
6. Social accountability;
7. Transparency of information; and
8. Enforcement of laws.
1.3 Transparency
The Pishin District Government recognises
that citizens have the right to be informed and
access information in a legible form. The
GoB»s Balochistan Education Management
Information System (BEMIS) and the
Balochistan Health Management Information
System (BHMIS)5, enable spatial and temporal
data analysis, and have been extended to the
district level.
The Pishin District Government is going to
take the following steps to improve
transparency:
1. Establish accurate basic data on the
district; create a consistent set of baseline
indicators;
2. Keep the citizens in the district informed
of post BLGO 2001 dispensation;
3. Design an information transparency
strategy:
a. Establish a simple Geographic
Information System (GIS) portal
in Pishin district with a management
information system and website;
b. Maintain electronic copies of records;
promote, introduce and expand
e-mail service in the areas where
electricity and telephone facilities are
available;
c. Digitise and print all district maps and
thematic data linked to the maps,
improving efficiency and quality of
decision-making;
d. Link district data to relevant data portal
(Pakistan Census Organisation, BEMIS,
BHMIS etc.);
e. Establish district information centres at
the district, tehsil and union council
levels;
f. Make information on public dealing
including district budgets, revenues
and user fees visible in public places,
such as health centres, schools,
offices, police stations. Issue
government information bulletins, and
disseminate them through school
teachers, health professionals,
extension workers; and
g. Disseminate the Freedom of
Information Bill among citizens, NGOs,
CSOs and the private sector.
4. Establish a district monitoring and
evaluation procedure and in particular,
5
5 In order to computerise and handle the enormous data at the provincial level, a basic Geographic Information System has been
established to meet the overall needs of the province.
Pakistan is a signatory to the Millennium Declaration. Importantly, for the purposes of the IDDV, many
of these goals are to be implemented at the local level.
Medium Term Development Framework, which is a five-year plan for 2005-2010.
Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper, which provides a policy outline for poverty reduction and the
achievement of MDG commitments.
In 2007, the Planning Commission released «Pakistan in the 21st century: Vision 2030», a roadmap for
economic renewal.
Integrated Water Resource Management Policy.
Some national preventive health programmes in the district e.g. Expanded Programme for
Immunization, T.B Control Programme, National Programme for Family Planning and Primary Health
Care, Basic Development Needs and Malaria Control Programmes and Ministry of Special Initiatives
Islamabad.
Box 1: Relevant GoP plans, policies and programmes

prioritise community based monitoring and
regulation of services;
5. Work with the media to ensure outreach
and awareness and to ensure citizen
feedback (extending coverage and access
by radio, especially in the remote rural
areas enhance airing and presenting
relevant Pashtu programmes on radio and
television; translating Pishin District
Government»s IDDV into Urdu and
distributing copies; keeping stakeholders
informed about changes in the IDDV etc.);
6. Work with the GoB to extend telephone
(particularly mobile) and television
coverage;
7. Train all departments on freedom of
information laws, regulations, and on the
importance of communication and
dissemination of information; and
8. Undertake a capacity and training needs
assessment for both the public and private
sectors.
Pishin district has over 42 registered NGOs.
Their sectoral scope includes: socio-economic
and poverty alleviation, sports and cultural
activities, awareness raising, capacity
building, education, health, gender
development, environment protection, women
and children»s welfare, credit facilities for
industrial home activities, and prevention and
management of substance abuse. The major
NGO»s include BRSP, National Commission
Human Development, SPO, Society for
Community Support for Primary Education in
Balochistan, Taraqee Foundation, Idara-e-
Taraqiat-Niswan Bostan, Welfare Organisation
Karezat and Barshore, and Training and
Rehabilitation Centres for Poor Women. A
large number of Citizen Community Boards
(CCBs) were registered while the BLGO 2001
was effective. (See Annexe III for details)
1.4 Gender mainstreaming
Pishin District Government is committed to
ensuring constitutional provisions for its
citizens are enforced. The Constitution
ensures that all citizens have equal rights
and authorises the state to make special
provisions for the protection of women and
children. Women have the right to vote and
hold office and are protected by the same
labour laws as men. Women also have
reserved seats in the National and Provincial
Assemblies. Under the BLGO 2001, women
had reserved seats in local governments;
this had initiated a process of change that
will hopefully be continued and strengthened
in the forthcoming local government
legislation.
6
Figure 2: Administrative and revenue hierarchy
Government of Pakistan
Government of Balochistan
Pishin District
(Administration &
Revenue Bounday)
Tehsil (Revenue Bounday)
Union
Council
Union
Council
Union
Council
Contigous Dsitricts Contigous Dsitricts

In Pishin, although women comprised 53.47
per cent of the district»s population in 19886,
the monopoly of economic and social power
lies with men. Pishin has a patriarchal culture
and women»s share in decision-making and
economic activities is limited; their
participation in public life is negligible.
Women carry a disproportionally large part of
the workload, since household activities
(fetching water and fuel wood, cleaning, child
rearing, washing, taking care of livestock etc)
are the sole responsibility of women.
Although women contribute significantly
towards household income and they are
responsible for the households food and basic
needs, they are denied property rights, receive
less food, their access to medical care is more
limited than that of men, their contribution to
the agriculture sector is generally not
accounted for, and under the jirga system they
are at times traded as commodities. A large
number of women sew and embroider to
enhance their income. Women also spend large
amounts of time fetching water and fuel wood.
In Khanozai town, a rural area, there has been
some improvement in the role of women due
to a high literacy rate. The Social Welfare
Department has organised training for some
women»s organisations in income generating
activities, supported with a revolving fund.
In Pishin district:
In 2004, birth care was provided to 56 per
cent of mothers.7
According to 1998 Census, the total
fertility rate was 8.0 and the child to
women ratio was 92.9. Contraceptive
prevalence rate was 10.8 per cent, mainly
in urban population.8 There was a very
7
7 Government of Balochistan (2004). Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2004 [website].
<http://balochistan.gov.pk/departments/mics/MICS-4-Web/4-6-Results-Child%20Protection.pdf>. Accessed 10 October 2011.
Very few girls have access to schools
QIUCN,MadihaAijaz

high dependant population, especially
children below 15 years, due to negligible
family planning.
The female literacy rate is 13.4 per cent.9
Number of educational institutions is 181
for girls and 656 for boys (Different
sources quote different figures e.g. some
sources quote 911 schools).10
working towards the following goals:
1. Establishing a leaders forum where men
and women sit together to discuss gender
equity (Pishin specific issues, priorities
and recommendations);
2. Ensuring inclusion of women in future
decision making;
3. Ensuring all government procedures are
gender sensitive;
4. Raising awareness on gender issues
amongst a range of stakeholders;
5. Raising awareness on the economic
contribution of women;
6. Facilitating Benazir Income Support
Programme»s (BISP) implementation as it
provides financial incentives for women to
register for the Computerized National
Identity Card (CNIC). If families are eligible
under the BISP scheme funds to meet
basic needs are then transferred to the
female head of household. This is a first
step towards empowerment of women.
Pishin District Government is committed
to a 100 per cent registration of women
for the CNIC and Census;
7. Encouraging girls education: increasing
the pace in girls enrolment in urban areas;
creating incentives for girls education;
introducing scholarships for girls from
middle school onwards; and establishing
an educational boarding facility for girls;
8. Reviewing medical facilities availed for
women;
9. Reporting cases of violence and
harassment against women (enforcing the
Prevention of Domestic Violence Act 2008
and Protection Against Harassment of
Women at Workplace Bill 2010); and
10. Launching a reproductive rights and family
planning campaign:
a. Initiating discussion with tribal leaders
and community members on
population control.
b. Employing the media as a key partner
for raising awareness and awareness
campaigns.
c. Improving service delivery by
establishing maternity centres with
24-7 services; links to the Lady
Dufferin hospital in Quetta; and
improving services provided by Lady
8
9 Directorate of Education (2008-09). Balochistan Educational Management Information System (2008-
09)[website].<http://www.bemis.edu.pk>. Accessed 3 January 2012.
10 ibid.
Figure 3: District coordination and state governance functions
District
Government
Pishin
Monitoring and Regulation-
GoP and GoB
Sectoral Policies &
Coordination-mainly GoB
Revenue Collecion
mainly GoB
Law and Order-GoP and GoB

Health Workers/Visitors (LHW/V) and
Traditional Birth Attendants.
d. Organising exposure visits of concerned
government staff to other parts of
Pakistan and other Muslim countries
where family planning programmes
have been implemented successfully.
1.5 Disaster risk
mitigation and
preparedness
According to the GoB»s Disaster Risk
Management Plan 2008, the risk and severity
of the various hazards that threaten Pishin
district are:11
Very High: earthquakes
High: droughts
Low: floods, locusts/pests
Emergency response machinery and
equipment in Pishin includes three
ambulances, two fire brigades and 18 dozers.
The climate of Pishin is generally dry and on
the whole temperate. Different parts of the
district do not present any marked variations.
The summer is the most delightful time of the
year; winters can be bitterly cold. Pishin lies
outside the sphere of monsoon currents.
The climate of Pishin valley is eminently
suitable for growing fruits. However, it is not
favourable for agriculture and rangelands.
Further, owing to irregular rainfall farmers in
rain-fed areas cannot plan crops properly, this
in turn has led to non sustainable use of
underground water (tube well).
Most of the roads in the district are shingle
roads. Due to the dry climate they can be
used throughout the year.
The major quantity of precipitation is received
during winter months i.e. December-March.
The months of May, June, October and
November are the driest. The total monthly
rainfall of the average for the period 1961-
2004 was 247 mm with a maximum of 52 mm
in January and a minimum of one mm in June.
9
11 Government of Balochistan (2006). Balochistan Disaster Risk Management Plan, 2006 [website].
<http://unportal.un.org.pk/sites/UNPakistan/OneUN/DRM%20Documents/Balochistan%20Draft%20PDRM%20Plan.
pdf> Accessed 9 October 2011.
Damaged house due to earthquake at Khanozai, Pishin on October 29, 2008
QYahyaMusakhel

Relative humidity ranged from 28 per cent in
June to 58 per cent in January. Snow occurs
in between January and February.
The climate of Pishin district can also be
unpredictable. In certain years, late frosts or
hailstorms in spring damage the flowers and
early fruiting of trees; droughts and erratic
rains have been disastrous in the past. There
is no weather station in Pishin district.
During the period 1961-2004, the temperature
of neighbouring Quetta district (closest
weather station) ranged from -2.30°C
minimum to 36.20°C maximum. The hottest
month was July (36.20°C) and the coldest
January (-2.30°C).
1.5.1 Earthquakes
The whole of Balochistan lies in a seismically
active region. The province has experienced
catastrophic earthquakes in the past.
Many areas of Pishin district, in particular
areas around Khanozai are vulnerable to
earthquakes. The Suleiman range, a part of
the Hindu Kush, which lies southwest of the
Himalaya is tectonically active.
Major earthquakes in Pishin include Shahrigh
earthquake of 1931, Mach earthquake of 1931
and the Quetta earthquake of 1935. The Ziarat
Earthquake in 2008, with a distantly located
epicentre also affected Pishin district. Major
recent earthquakes in Pishin include one in
1993 (5.7 on Richter Scale) and one in 2000
(6 on Richter Scale).
1.5.2 Droughts
The last drought, a province√wide one, lasted
nearly six years (1998√2004). This drought is
considered one of the worst in the recorded
history of Balochistan.
Conserving water, water storage and a
strategy to procure water for critical needs is
important to cope with droughts. The
situation was particularly grave during the
prolonged drought, as livestock suffered the
most, not only from shortage of forage and
water but also from contagious diseases
(e.g. foot and mouth disease). Communities
had limited knowledge of treating sick
animals and lost a lot of animals. Household
incomes and nutrition levels dropped
significantly.
Karezat and Barshore tehsils were severely
affected by the drought, whereas Pishin tehsil
was moderately affected.12
10
Bund Khushdil Khan, a droought-dried water storage dam
QIUCN,BalochistanProgramme
12 Government of Balochistan (2006). Contingency Plan for Drought Affected Districts of Balochistan 2006. Quetta, Pakistan:
Government of Balochistan.

11
Map of Earthquake density of Balochistan
Design: Mumtaz Haider Khan, IUCN Balochistan Programme. Source: Balochistan Disaster Risk Management Plan (2008)

12
Map of Annual precipitation in Balochistan
Design: Mumtaz Haider Khan, IUCN Balochistan Programme. Source: Balochistan Disaster Risk Management Plan (2008)

1.5.3 Floods, cold waves
and landslides
Floods are common in Pishin district, as the
water recharge capacity of forests, rangelands
and cultivated areas has decreased
significantly. Occasional westerly disturbances
during winter and spring bring rains to steep
slopes and vast catchment areas.
Landslides are activated by: storms,
earthquakes (as seen in the earthquake of 29
October 2010), fires, and steepening of slopes
(by erosion or human modification for building
of roads, housing or other infrastructure).
Parts of Pishin are prone to flash floods during
heavy rains. The floods cause extensive
damage to houses, standing crops, orchards,
livestock and water supply schemes affecting
thousands of people and settlements, while
cutting and damaging road networks.
Heavy snowfall, albeit infrequently, and
extreme cold can immobilise some parts of
Pishin. Even areas that normally experience
mild winters can be hit with major snowstorm
or spells of extreme cold weather. Winter
storms can result in flooding, storm surges,
blocked roads, loss of power lines and
hypothermia. Precautionary response
measures can reduce damage to the health of
citizens, livestock and natural resources.
13
The minimum elements for preparedness include drinking water for citizens and livestock, feed for
livestock, marketing of livestock, prevention and control of livestock diseases, and fodder tree reserves.
Natural disasters have led to the following consequences in Pishin:
Drop in household income.
Loss of household assets.
Rise in food prices.
Malnutrition and vulnerability to disease.
Fodder shortage.
Substantive destruction of apple trees and orchards.
Migration of people.
Heavy cost of relief work.
Pishin District Government will lobby and work with the GoB on the following:
Implement the provincial disaster risk management plan.
Establish a system on disaster preparedness.
Lobby for a drought emergency fund at the provincial and national levels.
Allocate specific responsibilities to different stakeholders.
Conduct seismic briefings or trainings for all stakeholders including senior administrators,
professionals, members of legislative assemblies, medical professionals, education
professionals, grazers, farmers, the private sector, CSOs and citizens on preparation,
coordination, information dissemination, relief and rehabilitation.
Improve data and its interpretation particularly for early warning systems in Pishin; lobby for
direct information from relevant organisations/agencies.
Establish a satellite monitoring system for early warning of droughts, and interpretation of
data and dissemination of information.
In Pishin, plan for landslides at vulnerable places and keep the relevant machinery and
equipment ready for clearing the affected areas, in particular highways, roads, bridges etc.
Reconstruct affected villages, ensure proper town planning, based on geo hazard-zone mapping
(including the local geology, geomorphology, geohydrogeology, and geotechnical investigations).
Box 2: Disaster mitigation and preparedness in Pishin

14
Evaluate flash floods and landslide hazards and design corrective techniques to reduce risk in
Pishin.
Prepare Climatic Moisture Index and Soil Moisture Index maps for Pishin with the help of remote
sensing.
Establish facilities for the development and marketing of livestock products from Pishin
(refrigeration of large quantities of meat are lacking currently, even at the provincial level).
Arrange mobile refrigerated meat storage vans during droughts along with set purchase
prices to motivate owners to slaughter and sell their livestock, before they die because of
drought or disease.
Agree on an emergency drinking water plan for Pishin (for citizens and livestock).
Build and operate a weather station in Pishin.
Collate and disseminate reliable data on temperature, precipitation, run-off, recharge, soil
moisture and ground water which are needed to determine the impact and intensity of droughts.
Design roads and bridges in Pishin keeping in view vulnerability to flash floods and landslides.
Retain waterways in their original dimensions in Pishin in order to allow for increased discharge
of rainwater during flash floods.
Develop forest plantations in Pishin of multi-purpose fast growing forest species (for fodder, fuel,
control of soil and bank erosion, water recharge, enhanced biodiversity, and fodder tree groves
for use for fodder/fuel only during long drought periods).
Introduce and manage high protein molasses blocks for winter feeding and drought periods in
Pishin.
Improve housing construction techniques keeping in view vulnerability to earthquakes and cold
waves in Pishin.
Promote diversified livelihoods.

15
2. Population settlement patterns
T
he district should urbanise as per
a plan that addresses
opportunities for livelihood
diversification, the empowerment of
women, and substantive reduction in unit
cost of services while minimising
concerns such as slum development,
congestion, and pressure on social
services.
Pishin District Government is going to
prepare a strategy for district wide
population settlement within one year.
Pishin District Government plans to
prepare strategic plans (including zoning,
land use, markets, social sector
infrastructure, protection of natural
resources etc.) for Pishin town and for the
larger rural settlements. It will also propose
the demarcation and notification of urban
areas to the Population Census
Organisation. Pishin still has an opportunity
to establish planned mid-level towns.
The plans will include:
1. Land use planning and development
planning control in Pishin Town and
big villages;

16
Map of Pishin district

a. Ribbon-growth along roads and
highways.
b. Refugee camps.
c. Traffic and transport management.
d. Regulations for e.g. most of the brick
kilns have been moved out of Quetta
and are largely found around Yaro.
2. Social sector plan including education,
health, and water and sanitation;
3. Integrated water resource management
plan;
4. Livelihood diversification plan; and
5. Agriculture and livestock plan. [The
northern and central parts of Pishin Tehsil
are generally flat lands, which are well
suited to agriculture (subject to the
availability of water). Bund Khushdil Khan
has special significance especially for
agriculture, and as a wetland including for
migratory birds].
According to the 1998 Census, the
population of Pishin district was 367,183
persons. In addition there are close to
150,000 Afghan refugees.13 Additionally,
nomads from Afghanistan, and their
livestock, migrate into and through the Toba
Kakari highlands to spend the winter in
Balochistan.
The major tribes in the district are: Kakar,
Tarin, Syed and Achakzai. Among the
landowners and traders are: Tarins, Kakars
and Syeds. Pashto is widely spoken, while
Urdu is also spoken in urban areas.
In 1998, the total number of rural localities
was 386 with a total population of 344,228
(183,894 male and 160,334 female) in Pishin
district. According to the Census, of the
district's population (367,183) 22,955 (6.3 per
cent) were urban and 344,228 (93.7 per cent)
rural. The sex ratio of males per 100 females
is 114.9. Pishin town was the only urban area
in the district in 1998 with a population of
22,955 comprising of 12,436 males and
10,519 females.14
17
13 The largest and longest migration of Afghans was witnessed during the early 1980«s during which 156,000 Afghans were registered
and accommodated in Surkhab Camp along Pishin√Khanozai Road. A large number of the refugees however remained unregistered.
The majority of the former registered refugees have been repatriated while most of the unregistered are believed to have settled in
the district.
A view of Pishin Bazar

18
15 ibid.
16 ibid.
In recent years, major anomalies in
population estimates have come forward.
Vested interest groups exaggerate their
numbers for political and economic benefits;
and there is a tendency particularly in rural
areas to conceal the actual number of
females. There is no proper registry for births
and deaths although the municipal
administration and District Council should
keep these records.
About 88 per cent of the population lives in
386 villages. According to the National
Institute of Population Studies (NIPS)
projection, the population in Pishin district is
growing at the rate of 3.2 per cent per
annum. The population size and average
growth pattern in the district varied during
different census periods. The average growth
rate from 1981 to 1998 was 3.57 per cent.
However, this may be due to the fact that in
1993, Pishin district was bifurcated into
Pishin and Qila Abdullah districts. The
average annual growth rate during 1961-
1971, 1972-81 and 1981-1998 was 6.1 per
cent, 5.1 per cent and 3.57 per cent
respectively.15
2.1 Housing and
settlement
In the urban areas of Pishin, the increase in
population and rural-urban migration has
worsened the housing problem. The housing
facilities in Pishin district are inadequate and
of substandard quality. Streets are generally
narrow and there are no streetlights. Most of
the houses are constructed with mud and
unbaked bricks, without proper toilets and
drainage facilities. The houses are constructed
without any planning or design or without the
approval of the municipal administration.
There were 54,048 housing units in Pishin
district in 1998, 51,520 in rural (95.32 per cent)
and 2,528 (4.68 per cent) in urban areas.16
In Pishin district, about 6.03 per cent of the
housing units have the standard pucca walls
made of baked bricks/blocks and stones with
cement bonding compared with only 4.77 per
cent in rural areas. In Pishin district, more than
A small settlement of Batayzai near Pishin city

19
91 per cent housing units in the rural areas
and 67.68 per cent in urban areas have used
baked bricks supported by wooden beams
and planks or girders. 4.02 per cent houses
have roofs made of cement etc (3.31 per cent
rural and 18.51 per cent urban). 85.19 per
cent of the walls are made of un-baked bricks
with mud bonding. The vulnerability of the
latter in case of earthquakes is very high as
was seen in 2008.
The population density of 37.5 persons per
km2 in 1981 increased to 46.96 persons per
km2 by 1998. Pishin Town and its surrounding
areas are densely populated. The average
household size during the 1998 census was
9.1 persons. The villages in Pishin district
range from 30 to 300 households.
According to the District Census Report
(1998), all housing units had kitchens,
bathrooms and a separate or shared latrine.
The majority of the population, 66.72 per cent,
lives in two to four room houses. According to
the Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey (MICS)
(2004), in Pishin district, there were 3.1
persons per room, the percentage of
population with one room houses was 0.9 per
cent. The percentage of households with
access to piped water was 47.9 per cent. 23
per cent of households had adequate
sanitation facilities, 78.4 per cent of
households had electricity, the percentage of
households with access to radios was 45.4
per cent and percentage of household with
access to television was 8.9 per cent.
In rural areas, the quality of construction is not
good and although houses are spacious they
lack proper sewerage and sanitation systems.
Kacha, mud houses or unbaked bricks are a
common sight in rural areas. The majority of
the population is settled in killies/villages.
Both in rural and urban areas people generally
own the houses where they live.
In Pishin district, electricity was provided to
78 per cent houses, gas to 21 per cent
houses, telephone to 23 per cent, water
connections to 63 per cent, and 82 per cent
houses had one utility. Possessions in houses
included refrigerators or freezers (7 per cent);
washing machine (37 per cent), radio (45 per
cent), television (9 per cent), and personal
computers (0.8 per cent); there were 60 per
cent houses with at least three possessions.17

20
Source: Population Census Organization, 1998
Table 2: Pishin at a glance
Area 7,819 sq.. km
Demographics
Population - 1998 367,183 persons
Male 196,330 (53.47%)
Female 170,853 (46.53%)
Sex Ratio (males per 100 females) 114.9
Population Density 47.0 per sq.. km
Urban Population 22,955 (6.25%)
Rural Population 344,228 (93.74%)
Average Household Size 6.8
Population - 1981 202,256 persons
Average Annual Growth Rate (1981-98) 3.57%
Literacy
Literacy Ratio (10 +) 31.1%
Male 47.2
Female 13.1%
Housing Units
Total Housing Units 54,048
Pacca Housing Units 3,189 (5.90%)
Housing Units having Electricity 40,848 (75.57%)
Housing Units having Piped Water 27,261 (50.44%)
Housing Units using Gas for Cooking 3,820 (7.06%)
Administrative Units
Sub-Divisions 03
Union Councils 26
Mauzas 386
Town Committees 01

21
3. Social sectors
P
ishin district is ranked seventh
according to the MICS, 2004.
3.1 Education
The literacy rate in the district is 31.4 per
cent (male literacy rate is 47.29 per cent,
and the female literacy rate is 13.15 per
cent). There are around 800 schools in the
district.18
Mohallah or home schools, 37 mosque
schools19 (primary level) and a small
number of primary schools are managed
by the private sector. Some of the
government»s primary schools are
provided some assistance by international
donors and NGOs. Vocational training,
middle schools, high schools, colleges,
and teacher training institutes are mainly
managed by the GoB.
18 Directorate of Education (2008-09). Balochistan Educational Management Information
System (2008-09)[website].<http://www.bemis.edu.pk>. Accessed 3 January 2012.
19 ibid.

In Pishin district all government primary,
middle and high schools teach in Urdu. Only
one private middle school teaches in English.
There is no technical school, polytechnic
institute or college in Pishin.
The District Education Officers, one male and
one female, are in charge of all government
schools for boys and girls. In 2008-09:
1. There were 911 schools (665 for boys and
246 for girls) [please note different sources
quote different figures]. Total enrolment in
government schools was 67,917-43,508
males and 24,409 females;
2. Enrolment in primary schools was 38,336
including 23,491 and 14,845 females.
Teaching staff of primary schools was 880
males and 454 females;
3. There were 87 middle schools in Pishin,
53 for boys and 34 for girls. The total
enrolment for middle classes up to 2008
was 15,267, of which 9,053 were boys
and 6,214 girls (59 per cent boys, 41 per
cent girls). There were 533 male and 261
female teaching staff;
4. There were 33 high schools in Pishin, 28
for boys and five for girls. The total
enrolment was 12,861. The number of
girls was 2,825 (15 per cent) while the
number of boys was 10,036 (85 per cent).
The examining body for high school
students is the Balochistan Board of
Intermediate and Secondary Education in
Quetta. There were 569 male and 154
female teaching staff in high school;
5. There are over 232 shelter-less schools in
the district;
6. 92 per cent of the schools were located in
villages where students resided, 97 per
cent were within two kilometer of students
residences20; and
7. The total enrolment of 63,942 students in
2002 increased by 6.22 per cent in 2008
to 67,917. Male students increased from
36,422 in 2002 to 43,508 i.e. an increase
of 19.46 per cent; and female students
from 17.07 in 2002 to 24,400 in 2008 an
increase of 42.96 per cent, which is
significant.
The involvement of the private sector is very
low. International donors have been helping
by creating an enabling environment,
especially for primary and girls education in
rural areas.
22
Morning session in progress at a school in Pishin
QIUCN,NaseebullahKhan

3.2 Health
In Pishin, in addition to alloepathic doctors,
hakeems, and homoeopaths also treat
patients. A number of quacks are also active.
Women»s health in Pishin district is poor. The
health status of migrant females is believed to
be even worse. There is no data available
regarding their calorie intake.
In Pishin district the Executive District Officer
Health supervises health services, vaccination
programmes and regulates medicines. The
Medical Superintendent is in charge of the
District Headquarter Hospital.
In the year 2006-07, health facilities in the
district included:
1. 45 bed District Headquarter Hospital
Pishin;
2. 29 Basic Health Units;
3. Six Rural Health Centres, ten beds each
(60 beds in all);
4. 19 civil dispensaries;
5. Four Mother and Child Health Centres;
6. Nine health auxiliaries;
7. One TB clinic;
8. One mobile health unit;
9. Three school health service units;
10. In the private sector there were only two
hospitals with ten beds; and
11. There are also Expanded Programme on
Immunization (EPI) Centres, family welfare
clinics, family planning clinics, and nurse
training schools in the district.
Out of 69 doctors in the district, 55 were male
and 14 female; of seven nurses, two were male
and five female; there was one pharmacist, 40
LHW/V and 62 daees/midwives.
In 2007, 220,410 outpatients were treated in
hospitals and dispensaries including 103,828
males and 116,582 females. 195,835 new
cases included 91,688 males and 104,147
females; in addition to 24,575 old cases
(12,140 males and 12,435 females).21
23
District Headquarter hospital, Pishin
21 Directorate of Health (2008-09). Balochistan Health Management Information System (2008-09) (no further information).

24
According to the MICS (2004), 46 per cent
mothers received antenatal care from a skilled
health worker in Pishin; 38 per cent mothers
got post birth care by skilled attendants;
skilled attendants provided 8 per cent mothers
with information on HIV/AIDS.
Eight per cent of babies who were born were
underweight; 91 per cent of females were
covered by LHW/V; 95 per cent mothers
breastfed their children. 17 per cent children
suffered from some kind of illness (12 per cent
diarrhoea, six per cent cough with difficulty
breathing, three per cent from high fever); 30
per cent used ORS/ORT; 65 per cent
consulted some health provider; 29 per cent
consulted a government facility; and two per
cent were admitted to the hospital.22
Normally, two types of health services are
provided in the district, curative and
preventive. Immunisation coverage is around
57 per cent according to the health
authorities.
Preventive health and child protection in the
year 2004 was as follows: between the ages
of 12-23 months, 23 per cent children were
fully immunised, 18 per cent partially
immunised and 59 per cent were not
immunised.23 In 2007, examination of 7,078
blood slides was conducted for malaria
control. 1,204 were diagnosed suffering from
malaria and were treated successfully. 102
children up to 11 months age were immunised
against BCG, 87 for OPV/DPT-3 and 69 for
measles under EPI.
MICS (2004) reported that 44 per cent children
had BCG scars, only 0.2 per cent children
under five years of age were registered for
protective care, whereas 0.1 per cent children
between the ages of 10-14 years reported
labour related hazards.
Exact data on maternal and infant mortality is
not available, however they are reported to be
very high. There are 62 trained Traditional
Birth Attendants in Pishin district.
The most common diseases are respiratory
diseases, anaemia, skin infections, renal
diseases, worm infections, diarrhoea,
dysentery, malaria and hepatitis.
The number of patients suffering from
suspected cholera, suspected meningococcal
meningitis, poliomyelitis, measles, neonatal
tetanus, diphtheria, whooping cough, goitre,
viral hepatitis, AIDS and snake bite were not
recorded or reported separately.
22 ibid.
23 World Health Organization (WHO); United Nations Children Fun (UNICEF). Expanded Programme on Immunization
[website]. <http://www.emro.who.int/publications/emhj/16_Supp/article4.htm>. Accessed on 9 October 2011.
Lack of sewerage and sanitation facilities in Pishin town

25
There are a number of special health services
provided by the government to improve or
facilitate health programmes, one of which
was the Prime Minister»s Health Care
Programme. Its objective was to provide
affordable health services to the community
for primary health care, mother and
childcare, (nutritious food, subsidised family
planning medicines, and other essential
drugs.
3.3 Drinking water
In Pishin district the quality of ground water
varies from place to place. In Karezat sub-
tehsil from Qili Qasim Bostan to Choormian,
the water quality is good, whereas in Pishin
bazaar and its surroundings, the quality of
water is poor. In other areas like Saranan,
Hackalzai, Khudaidad-dad-zai, Karbala,
Shadizai and Davian the quality of water is
very poor (saline or brackish) and not
potable. According to the Public Health
Engineering Department (PHED), 57 per cent
of the population (this does not measure
quantity or quality) has access to drinking
water.
Large number of people in rural areas depend
on water from ponds and other un-hygienic
sources. In Pishin town, water supply is the
responsibility of the Town Committee.
In Pishin district, water is supplied through
different sources: tube-wells, hand pumps,
wells, karezes and springs. Tube-wells have by
far become the major source of water. All the
schemes run by PHED are 100 per cent piped
schemes. These facilities have been provided in
88 densely populated areas. Of all connections,
90 per cent are for households and 10 per cent
are for commercial purposes (NB: PHED and
other data sources need to be reconciled).
Ground water is the main source of drinking
water in the district. Of the district»s total
population, 40 per cent have access to
potable water supplied by PHED. Out of the
88 PHED water schemes, 38 have been
handed over to the community. Some have
been given to contractors. This is because
schemes are often overdesigned, not demand
driven and attention is not paid to per unit
cost of operation. Communities do not want
to accept liability for the schemes and users
do not want to pay high user charges.
57 per cent of the population in Pishin district
had access to improved resources of drinking
water, 49 per cent households had this
access, and 52 per cent had access within
one kilometer distance or half-an-hour return
travel time. Improved sources of drinking
water included:
1. Piped water (47.9 per cent);
PHE water supply tank, Pishin

26
2. Public stand pipe or tap (0.9 per cent);
3. Hand pump (0.1 per cent);
4. Lift pump/turbine (1.3 per cent);
5. Protected dug well (6.4 per cent);
6. Water supply from unimproved sources
was obtained from river/canal system (1.4
per cent);
7. Vendors providing (1.8 per cent);
8. Tanker/tractor/donkey cart (0.6 per cent);
and
9. Bottled water/can/vessel (4.2 per cent).
3.4 Sanitation
Public health conditions in the district are
unsatisfactory due to unplanned urban growth
and the absence of a proper sewerage
systems. Of the 57 per cent population that
had an improved water source, only 2 per
cent disposed wastewater safely. Adequate
sanitation is provided to 23 per cent of the
population. 91 per cent of the population
wash their hands before eating, whereas 21
per cent wash hands after returning from the
toilet.24
In a sample size of 374, 0.2 per cent toilets
are connected to public sewers, 0.6 per cent
connected to septic tanks, 7.9 per cent have
pour flush toilets, 0.8 per cent have ventilated
improved toilets, 12.7 per cent have traditional
(closed) pit latrines, 0.3 per cent use bucket
latrines, 0.1 per cent use the public/communal
latrines whereas 77.5 per cent defecate in
open spaces.25
In Pishin and Khanozai town, households link
their flush systems with septic tanks.
Wastewater from the houses is disposed of
through open drains, moving into a water
body. In urban areas, like Pishin Bazaar, water
is drained out through cemented outlets into
the Pishin Loralai Basin.
The hygiene conditions are poorer still in the
rural areas of Pishin district. The streets are
unpaved and without drains. Wastewater
stagnates outside houses, breeding
mosquitoes and flies.
In recent years, some international donor
agencies have provided financial and
technical assistance to communities in some
areas in order to improve sanitation.

27
Objective: Ensure access and quality education in Pishin; Meet the MDG targets as applicable to Pishin.
The scope of the Pishin Education Plan will be:
Map and compile directory of existing stakeholders and service providers.
District map showing existing infrastructure (including functional and non functional):
Ghost schools; defunct schools; functional public sector schools.
Private schools.
Deeni Madaris.
Establish principles and working policies for Pishin.
Agree on indicators for the purpose of monitoring; establish a baseline for these indicators in
Pishin:
Household income disparities.
Gender disparities.
Urban-rural disparities; sub-tehsil disparities.
Standardised indicators for shortage of schools, colleges and higher education institutions.
Standardised indicators for shortage of teachers, particularly female teachers.
Teacher quality as measured in results and outcomes. Qualitative feedback from parents,
principals, teachers, students on standardised questions.
Standardised indicators for quality of building and built infrastructure (availability of toilet,
boundary walls in girls schools, sports etc).
Standardised indicators for desks and chairs.
Standardised indicators for books and teaching aides.
Standardised questions for qualitative feedback from community representatives, tribal
leaders, parents, mothers and children on low enrolment and drop out rates.
Assess current and projected needs for Pishin.
Review MDGs and National Vision 2030 targets as applicable to Pishin.
Implement measures to raise awareness on education as a human right in Pishin.
Focus on access to education for children from poor families and girls in particular in Pishin:
Reach out to families which cannot afford schooling with free schools, free uniforms,
hygiene kits and stipends for girl children.
Offer scholarships to gifted students.
Evaluate the work, contribution and impact of different service providers in Pishin:
Enforcement of traditional supervisory visits, participatory monitoring, and effective
application of BEMIS.
Box 3: Pishin social sector plan √ education

28
Identify means to improve teacher-child ratio (e.g. address high logistic and travel cost).
Include measures to ensure security for educational establishments in Pishin district.
Effective coordination between Pishin district and GoB on:
BEMIS.
Teacher training; training of local literacy enhancement staff, refresher courses.
Merit based appointments.
Review of ratio of operational: non operational expenses and salary: non salary expenses.
Performance based salary system.
Financial incentives for working in remote areas.
Separate wings for girls in colleges.
Security and accommodation for female teachers.
Upgrading single teacher schools to multi teacher schools.
Community managed monitoring systems (creating real time links with BEMIS).
Scholarships to teachers.
A secure work environment for women.
Construct boarding houses for students and teachers.
Collaborate with the Balochistan Education Fund.
Improving governance, accountability and participation in Pishin by:
Replicating the good practice model from Qila Saifullah where community elders identified
good teachers, lobbied for their transfer to their areas, and have assured the teachers
housing and protection.
Disseminating information regarding funds and their application.
Regulation of private schools (a) fees (b) quality of education (c) facilities (d) faculty (e)
bringing deenis madaris into the mainstream education system.
Establishing platforms for engaging with parents, civil society and private sector
organisations; and establishing Parent Teacher Associations.
Piloting projects in collaboration with NGOs/CSOs and private sector (e.g. literacy with a
particular focus on women»s literacy).

29
Objective: Ensure access to primary and preventive health care for all in Pishin; meet the MDG targets as
applicable to Pishin.
The scope of the Pishin Health Plan will include:
Map and compile a directory of existing stakeholders and service providers in Pishin:
District map showing existing infrastructure (functional and non functional).
Review existing facilities, establish a criteria for continuing with or closing facilities, explore
optional applicability for these facilities.
Assess current and projected needs for Pishin.
Identify indicators for the purpose of monitoring, establish a baseline for these indicators for Pishin:
Household income disparities.
Gender disparities.
Urban-rural disparities; sub-tehsil disparities.
Intra rural disparities.
Age disparities.
Standardised indicators for shortage of health facilities and services.
Standardised indicators for health and allied health professionals/services.
Health care service quality as measured in results and outcomes and qualitative feedback
from care givers and patients on standardised questions.
Standardised indictors for quality of building and built infrastructure (availability of toilet,
boundary walls etc).
Strategy for maternal health, reduction in child mortality and arresting the spread of
communicable diseases; increasing immunisation coverage through the LHW/V programs for
Pishin:
Standardised indicators for maternal health, child mortality.
Standardised indicators for communicable diseases and immunisation coverage.
Standardised indicators for public health.
Standardised indicators for non-communicable diseases for e.g. mental health and nutrition.
Strategies for preventive, primary and secondary health care services at the district level, and
links for patients from Pishin with tertiary health facilities in Quetta city:
Preventive health care will include mental health, awareness raising, vaccination, safe
drinking water and sanitation, safe disposal of wastes (solid, hospital, mining and industrial)
and control of air, water and noise pollution.
Awareness on contagious and communicable diseases including HIV/AIDS, hepatitis etc.
Strategy for the distribution of fortified food and health supplements particularly to women and
children in Pishin.
Agreements with private sector to transport patients from Pishin to Quetta.
Box 4: Pishin social sector plan √ health

30
Promotion of smoke efficient stoves and latrines both of which would have a significant impact
on women and child health in Pishin.
Creation of an enabling environment for and incentives for the private sector for providing
affordable health care services in Pishin.
Motivate and provide incentives to the medical and paramedical staff to work in remote rural
areas. These may include economic incentives and security and facilities such as transport and
accommodation, especially for female staff in Pishin.
Action Plan for hospital/medical waste management for Pishin.
Action Plan for cleaning of ground water (agro chemicals, sewage, waste from mining etc) for
Pishin.
Strategy to improve human resources and their management, counter absenteeism, fill vacant
posts and recruit female staff in Pishin.
Lobby with the GoB for the following in Pishin:
Improved coordinations with BHMIS.
Refresher and training courses for staff.
Performance based salaries.
Community managed monitoring linked to financial incentives.
Preference to O&M over capital expenditure.
Strong monitoring and evaluation systems.
Improved supplies of medicines (coordination with the Essential Drug Programme).
Identifying a clear role for indigenous medicine.
Improved coordination with special health services provided by the GoB to improve or
facilitate health programmes.
Improving governance, accountability and participation in Pishin:
Disseminate information regarding funds and their application.
Regulate private medical services (a) fees (b) quality of health care (c) facilities (d) faculty (e)
bringing indigenous medicine under a regulatory framework.
Establish platforms for engaging with, civil society and private sector organisations;
establish networks for doctor, nurses, LHW/V, and Trained Birth Attendants.
Pilot projects in collaboration with NGOs/CSOs and private sector in Pishin.

31
Objective: Ensure access to safe drinking water and adequate sanitation facilities for all in Pishin; meet
the MDG targets as applicable to Pishin.
The scope of the Pishin Water and Sanitation Plan will include:
Directory and map of stakeholders and services.
District map showing existing infrastructure (including functional and non functional,
informal and formal).
Detailed maps of built schemes.
Principles and working policies for Pishin:
Review of existing facilities, establishment and enforcement of criteria for continuing with or
closing down schemes/services.
Indicators for the purpose of monitoring, establish a baseline for these indicators, establishment
of targets for Pishin:
Unaccounted for water and non revenue water.
Willingness to pay.
Unit cost of operating PHED and Clean Drinking Water Program built schemes.
Ratio of built to functional schemes and infrastructure.
Gender disparities in access and workload for collection of water.
Standardised indicators for quality of and built infrastructure.
Urban-rural disparities; sub-tehsil disparities; intra rural disparities; age disparities.
Public health indicators.
Quality of services as measured in results and outcomes and qualitative feedback from
citizens on standardised questions.
Strategies for ensuring the following in Pishin:
A minimal amount of water available to all (hand pumps where water table is within 50 feet).
Installation of water treatment facilities at distribution or reservoir points.
Reduce loss during transmission.
Recycle sewage, after appropriate treatment, for agriculture.
Preventive health care and awareness on sanitary practices; recruit female staff.
Enabling environment for and incentives for private sector participation.
Improved human resources and their management, counter absenteeism and negligence.
Pricing and policing of drinking water.
Increasing number of plans and projects with community participation (during planning
capital works and O&M).
Assessing current and projected needs.
Raise awareness on efficient consumption of drinking water and on the consequences of
drinking water without treatment; promote cost effective methods for treating water prior to
drinking in Pishin.
Establish a district Code of Conduct on Water Use.
Provide a range of services with different price tags: household connection; communal;
Box 5: Pishin social sector plan √ water and sanitation

32
communal filtered etc.
Take action on unaccounted for water, non revenue water in Pishin.
Ensure all schemes are demand driven and not supply driven (in particular provincial and federal
schemes tend to be supply driven and little care is taken to determine unit cost of O&M for
these services; this more often than not leads to sunk investment) in Pishin.
Incentives for improved sanitation in Pishin:
Incentives and awards for open-defecation free villages and union councils as set out in the
federal sanitation policy.
Financial support for building septic tanks and improved latrines in low-income areas.
Lobby with the GoB for the following in Pishin:
Coordination on a water and sanitation MIS.
Refresher and training courses for staff and private sector contractors/plumbers etc.
Private sector enhancement through incentives and training e.g. septic tank management
SMEs etc.
Performance based salaries.
Community managed monitoring linked to financial incentives.
Preference to O&M over capital expenditure.
Strong monitoring and evaluation systems.
Provide support for making latrines in houses on a self-help basis; safe disposal of waste water,
solid waste and hospital waste; and importance of washing hands and personal hygiene in
Pishin.
Prepare a strategic solid waste management plan; construct and manage a landfill2 in Pishin.
Encouragement and support for collection and segregation of solid waste by households and
disposal of waste to a collection point, from where the Pishin Town Committee can transport
and dispose it in proper landfills.
Improving the supply chain for recycled goods - market for recyclable/ reusable materials,
composting of biodegradable waste, recycling of usable waste (metallic articles, glass, wood,
paper etc.), and recycling of waste water in Pishin.
Pilot projects in collaboration with NGOs/CSOs and private sector in particular to make a
concerted effort for raising awareness on public health in Pishin.
Improving governance, accountability and participation in Pishin:
Disseminating information regarding funds and their application including water quality, air
and water pollution, and public health.
Regulation of private sector service providers (a) fees (b) quality of water (c) facilities (d)
open dumping (e) environmental degradation (f) public health concerns.
Establish platforms for engaging with civil society and private sector organisations.

33
4. Natural resource management
4.1 Land use
P
ishin District Government
recognises that natural resource
management in Pishin needs to be
studied in the context of the district
becoming water-scarce; characterised by
poverty; and with limited access to basic
facilities. This is in a context of: extreme
aridity and periodic drought and a shift
from arid farming and livestock grazing to
irrigated agriculture and orchards;
overgrazed range-lands and low
productivity livestock; decline in wildlife
populations; and lack of forest
management (notified state forests, and
forest vegetation).
The total geographical area of the district
is 8,812 km2 (881,200 hectares) or 787,400
hectares. The reported area is 293,868
hectares (about 37.32 per cent) and
493,532 hectares is the non-reported area
(about 62.68 per cent of the total
geographical area). According to the
Agricultural Statistics of Balochistan
(2008-09), the area, which is not available
for cultivation, is 82,150 hectares (27.95
per cent of the reported area).

The total uncultivated area is 141,434
hectares (48.12 per cent). The total cultivated
area in the year 2008-09 was 152,434
hectares (51.87 per cent), of the reported area
out of which 31,667 hectares (10.77 per cent)
was net sown. The area under forests is
26,438 hectares.
More than one third of the area i.e. 37.32 per
cent is not even reported (non-surveyed).
Land use change needs to be guided by the
government keeping several factors in mind,
some of these include: environmental
safeguards, over exploitation, enforcement of
law, inappropriate institutional arrangements;
low institutional capacity; role of planning and
management; and lack of awareness on its
impact on natural resources, income and
livelihoods.
Pishin District Government is fully aware of
the need to apply land use management as a
tool for developing its agriculture and
horticulture sectors, and capturing the
advantages brought by proximity to Quetta
City and the RCD Highway. Pishin District
Government will work with the Survey of
Pakistan, the Pakistan Space and Upper
Atmosphere Research Commission, Board of
Revenue and private sector organisations,
such as World Wildlife Fund (WWF) and IUCN,
to see if satellite image related modalities may
be used to validate land uses. Steps will be
taken to procure archival maps of the district.
4.2 Integrated water
resource management
The complexity of water resource
management poses many challenges. Fresh
water is the most precious commodity for
people living in arid areas like Pishin.
Water managers need to solve a range of
interrelated problems involving a wide range
of stakeholders, navigating conflicting
priorities and varying contexts. The
environmental, social and political aspects of
water management span a wide array of
issues and areas. These include: water
policies; water rights; water uses; water
infrastructure development; river basin
management; watersheds; wetlands; water
storage; water allocation; water distribution
and sharing arrangements; drought
preparedness; and water-related disputes and
their resolution. The management of water in
the context of climate change is one of the
most pressing global challenges of our times.
Water resource management has to take into
account the following competing demands on
water:
1. Drinking and domestic needs;
34
IUCN»s IWRM project at Qila Iskan Khan
QIUCN,ZahidHussain

2. Food production (agriculture, livestock
etc.);
3. Economic infrastructure development and
use (energy, transport, tourism etc.);
4. Conservation for periods of drought;
5. Conservation for future generations; and
6. Natural habitats.
Social participation in water management and
governance is traditionally found in tribal
societies such as Pishin. Traditional water
management systems, e.g. karezes, have not
been able to transform into modern water
management systems so traditional and
indigenous wisdom has been lost.
Of the 14 basins in the province, the Pishin
Loralai Basin is the most stressed due to non-
sustainable groundwater exploitation. The
Basin includes Quetta, Pishin, Qila Abdullah,
Mustung and Kalat districts. Pishin District
Government is committed to working with the
district governments of Quetta, Mustung, Qila
Abdullah, and Kalat on a joint Pishin Lora
Basin Recharge Effort and assess potential for
lifting water from the Pishin Loralai river, its
tributaries and other permanent streams.
Pishin District Government recognises that
ground water is highly valuable and has to be
used judiciously. This can only be ensured
through having a realistic and coherent policy,
regulating water extraction, and introducing
water conservation.
The most critical management challenge in
arid areas is how to deal with short periods of
excess water and flooding on the one hand,
and long periods of little or no water.
The principal stream is the Pishin Lora,
flowing from Barshore in the northeast into the
Shorarud valley near Burj Aziz Khan. Its
principal effluents in Pishin are the Muchka
from the northwest, the Shorarud and the
Kakar Lora. The Pishin Lora flows up to Bund
Khushdil Khan and some of the water finds its
way towards the north. From there it flows
into Afghanistan. Another stream the Surkhab
Lora, flows from Sher Ghundi and it joins the
Pishin Lora near Shadizai. A third stream is
the Kakar Lora, which is composed of many
small rivers and streams coming from the
Takatu hills. The Kakar Lora irrigates Manzaki
and three villages in Haiderzai.
Most parts of Pishin district drain into Pishin
Loralai at different locations. The basin is a
transboundary watercourse as it leaves Pishin
district to enter Afghanistan and again enters
Pakistan in Noshki district, to end up at the
Zangi Nawar lake. The water quality
downstream from Bund Khushdil Khan is not
good and the water is not potable. Back in the
1990s, the potential of developing a dam at
Burj Aziz on the Pishin Lora for the supply of
drinking water to Quetta city was studied. It
was not found feasible because of the high
concentration of salts.
Karezat tehsil, as the name indicates, had a
vast system of karezat, which supported
orchards and other crops. In order to enhance
water supply for irrigation and expand
cultivation, this system was subsequently
replaced (almost entirely) with tube wells,
which caused the karezes to dry up as well as
depleting the ground water.
Construction of delay action dams or recharge
dams at appropriate locations is needed in
order to provide an inbuilt mechanism to
recharge the Balozai Dam. Construction of 80
dams is required in the medium term. Soil
studies are important for deciding the location
of a dam and determining the command area.
4.3 Forests
The total forest area of Pishin district, as per
notifications of GoB, is 73,775 hectares. This
includes rangelands like Maslakh (28,243
hectares) as well as a part of the Surghund
Forest. There is an additional artificial forest
reserve, situated at Bund Khush Dil Khan,
over 475 hectares.
Forests are vital for environmental services
and for maintaining the ecological balance of
an area. They play an important role in the
supply of wood and non-wood products
including water, grazing, Medicinal and
Aromatic Plants (MAP); maintaining
watersheds; wildlife habitats and dependent
species of wild animals and plants; control of
erosion and conservation of soils;
sequestration of carbon; and provision of
countryside recreation and ecotourism.
The Forest and Wildlife Department manages
the forests and plantations, and is also 35

responsible for rangeland management. There
are two types of forests found in Pishin
district; natural forests and artificial forests
(comprising range land, plantation, conifers
and other types of trees). The Executive
District Officer Forest is the district head of
the department and is assisted by Range
Forest Officers, Foresters and Forest Guards.
Temporary labour is employed for forestry
operations in the district.
The Surkhab natural forest reserve has been
cut and used as fuel largely by refugees.
During the early 1980s, Surkhab was one of
the largest refugee camps, more than 156,000
refugees were registered there.
4.4 Plants
Pishin district is endowed with a large variety
of vegetation. Main tree species on higher
ridges in the district are Juniperus excelsa,
Pistacia mtica, Pistacia khinjuk and Fraxinus
xanthoxyloides; interspersed bushes include
Taramix gallica, Haloxlon grifithii, Sophora
mollis, Sophora alopecuroides, Artemisia
maritima, suma (Ephedra intermedia), Ephedra
major, Prunus eburnea, Stocksia brahuica, shin
shob (Mentha sylvestris), shezgi (Eremurus
aucherianus), zawal (Achillea sunlolina),
khakshir (Susymbrium sophia), Alhagi
camelorum, Carum bulbocastaneum, Arnebia
cornuata, Scirpus wardianus, Plantago major
and makhi (Caragana ambigua); naturally
occurring bulbous plants are tulipa, ferula, iris
and allium while common grasses are Eleusine
flagellifera, Cymbopogon parkeri, Saccharum
ciliare and Andropogon annuatus. The original
steppic tree cover of mountain scrub forests
still exists in some protected areas. Vegetation
in the Maslakh Range Management Area has
been thoroughly studied; 83 species have
been reported from the area.
In the winter, roots of Artemisia (tarkha sperah)
and Haloxgon grifithic (shorai) are used as fuel
in the villages and their twiggy branches are
used as feed for small ruminants. Taramix
gallica is also used for fuel and for roof
structures. Carum bulbocastaneum (zira siyah)
is used as a spice and fetches an high value
in the market. Further, Ephedra (suma) and
Susymbrium (khakshir) are found in large
quantity and have medicinal value. A major
proportion of the above mentioned vegetation
e.g. Ephedra is marketed. Villagers also use
many plants which have medicinal properties.
Timbre wood is not available in the forests of
the district. The only types of wood available
for firewood are juniper in Surghund, Pistacia
khinjuk in Gawal and Tamarix in Surkhab.
4.5 Wildlife and protected
areas
The Maslakh rangeland and some areas in
Barshore Tehsil also offer opportunities for
community based conservation and
sustainable use of wildlife, wetlands and
fisheries.26
Most game species indigenous to Pishin
district, such as the ibex (Capra aegagrus)
markhor (Capra jerdoni) and chinkara (Gazella
bennettii) have been wiped out.
The local mammals include the Marbeled pole
cat (Vormela peregusna), Cape hare (Lepus
capensis), Small Five-toed jerboa (Allactaga
elater), Migratory hamster or Grey hamster
(Cricetulus migratorius), and Blanford»s jerboa
(Jaculus blanfordi).
Important game birds in the area include:
Chakor (Alectoris chukar), See-see partridge
(Ammoperdix griseogularis), migratory
Houbara bustard (Chlamydotis undulata),
Sandgrouse (Pterocles spp.), and starlings
(Paster spp.).
Wintering ducks at Bund Khushdil Khan -an
important staging area for migrating ducks
and shorebirds include: Anas poecilorhyncha,
Tadorna tadorna, Marmaronetta angustirostris,
Anas strepera, A. crecca, A. platyrhynchos,
Aythya ferina, along with Fulica atra, Porphyrio
porphyrio, Ciconia nigra, Grus grus and
Gallinago gallinago, A. poecilorhyncha,
Tadorna tadorna, and Marmaronetta
angustirostris.
In karez channels Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis
microspinulata, Paa stenosignata are resident
species, while Bufo stomaticus, B. viridis
36
26 There is no Fisheries Department. Some small fish are found in river/ streams. Bund Khushdil Khan and Pishin Lora are the only
significant wetlands, especially for migratory waterfowl. Commercial fishing is non-existent in the district. The fish fauna of karezes
has not been studied comprehensively and is threatened due to the drying up of karezes, especially in areas with tube wells. The
catchment of the Pishin Lora and other streams have been over-exploited and not well managed. As a result, most of the
precipitation drains out as runoff and many stretches of the river/streams remain dry in certain periods of the year negatively
impacting the fish fauna.

37
zugmayri and Ophisops jerdonii are found
among marginal vegetation. Agrionemys
horsfieldii is found in the crevices and holes
cut by rainwater in mud flats along karez
channels and natural fountains. In the same
location common ground geckos Cyrtopodion
scaberand C. watsoni may be collected from
crevices in the scrubland. The lacertids
Eremias guttulata and Eumeces schneideri
makes their holes in flat dry fields with low
vegetation. Acanthodactylus micropholis, A.
canotoris and Eremias velox frequent sandy
soil with bushy vegetation. Local agamide
Laudakia caucascia, L. nupta, L. ruderata
frequent surrounding mountains. The toad
head agamid of genus Phrynocephalus are
confined to sand dunes.
Herpeto-fauna in Takatu, Toba Kakar and
similar habitats: the Persian gecko
Hemidactylus persicus is a common edifice
lizard, and the Eu.bleph.aris maculanous lives
in gravel and stony sides of the mud flats.
Scrubland geckos include H. scaber and H.
watsoni. The Laudakia caucasica, L. nupta are
found on cliffs Agrionemys horsfieldii, ground
agamids T. ruderata and Uromastyx asmussi
frequent mud flats and scrub land, while
Varanus griscus abounds. Calotes versicolor
and Boiga melanocephala are arboreal shrub
dwellers. Acanthodactylus blanfordi, Eremias
velox are common sand lizards.
Pseudocerastes persicus and Vipera labetina
are collected from bushy slopes of mountains.
While in the wetlands, common amphibians
recorded are Bufo stomaticus, B. v. zugmayri,
Euphlyctis c. microspinulata and Paa
sternosingata, Ramphotyphlops braminus and
Leptotyphlops blanfordii.
Statistics are not available to indicate the
populations of wild animal species found in
the district. Independent expert surveys show
that the populations have declined for several
reasons. First, there is no clear-cut
government policy on wildlife protection.
Second, the presence of refugees in the area
has increased tree felling. Third, illegal hunting
has caused a decline in the populations of all
game animals and birds. Fourth, the rapid
population growth in the district has had an
adverse effect on wildlife.
Two protected areas in Pishin district are:
1. Maslakh Game Sanctuary, over 46,559
hectares. It was established in 1968.
Chinkara and urial/gad were found here
but have been eliminated. Bird species are
the main attraction now.
2. Bund Khushdil Khan Game Reserve, over
1,296 hectares was established in 1983.
This is a shallow water storage dam, a
water bird habitat and a recreational area.
The reservoir was built in the period 1886-
Commonly found See-see Partridge in Pishin
QIUCN,ZabardastKhanBangash

38
Pishin Integrated Development VisionPishin Integrated Development Vision
1891. The reservoir was five kilometer
long and two kilometer wide with a
maximum depth of 100 meters and
irrigated an area of 1,469 hectares.
Currently, it has silted up and its
catchment area has been encroached.
Due to the drought of 1995-2004, the
reservoir dried up; due to rains in
subsequent years it has started
rejuvenating. Heavy dredging is required
before it can regain its past glory.
4.6 Rangelands
Range-based livestock production systems
are one of the major sources of livelihood for
people living in rural areas. Small ruminants,
such as sheep and goats, are better adapted
to the harsh environment and greatly
outnumber large ruminants. It is estimated
that the number of sheep and goats is many
times that of the carrying capacity of the
rangelands. Poor nutrition available to
livestock results in high mortality, high parasite
loads and stunted growth. As a result
livestock owners sustain high losses,
especially during droughts.
Most of the livestock depends on the
rangelands in the district. As livestock are
critical assets for the poor, poverty reduction
strategies must include rangeland
management.
One of the major institutional issues with
rangelands is that they are under the
administrative control of the Forest and
Wildlife Department but are used primarily for
livestock grazing.
Coordination between the two departments is
practically non-existent. As a result, the full
potential of livestock and rangeland resources
is not being realised and rangelands are
depleting at a fast rate. The Pishin District
Government will ensure coordination between
the departments at the district level.
Livestock, a key source of livelihood

39
Objective: Manage existing waters efficiently and conserve water resources for future generations in Pishin.
The scope of the district Integrated Water Management Plan for Pishin will be:
District Water Management Committee (scope to include all aspects of water).
Directory and map of stakeholders.
Pishin district map showing «Water Sources»and district Land Capitalisation Plan» including:
Delineation of detailed micro basins in the district and evaluation of their potential for
developing surface water storage.
Estimating ground water sources (by using latest radar imageries), and comparison with
benchmarks, where available for future planning.
Analysis of ground water depletion, year wise, based on tube well use.
Resistivity survey of potential groundwater area for estimating the aquifer.
Detailed delineation of sub-watersheds in the district and evaluation of their potential for
forestry, agriculture, watershed management, range management and water development
(developing surface water storage, hill torrent control, spate irrigation and rainwater
harvesting).
Target indicators and baselines for Pishin.
Assessment of current needs and linkages with other sectors; instruments and incentives for
better coordination in Pishin.
Assessment of the impact of climate change in Pishin.
Coordination with other districts for the Pishin Loralai Basin Recharge Effort; targets for
groundwater recharge prioritised by active recharge zones.
Flood water management in Pishin.
Rain water harvesting for direct consumption; increasing water storage capacity; check dams
and other infrastructure in Pishin.
Extensive coordination with the following sectors in Pishin: forestry, protected areas, rangelands,
drinking water and sanitation, health, and disaster management.
Raise awareness on the environmental and ecological functions of water sheds and their impact
on Pishin.
Promotion of water efficient technologies for Pishin: land levelling, different types of irrigation
systems precision irrigation, drip irrigation (introduced in Quetta), sprinkler irrigation and the
spate irrigation.
Demanding policy reforms at the federal and provincial levels and endorsement of a District Tube
Well Policy for Pishin. Application of the federal water resource management policy. The water
table is depleting at a rate of ten feet per year due to the installation of a large number of tube
wells. The water level has dropped to about 1,000 feet in certain areas.
Need to price water extracted by tube wells.
Need to remove subsidy on electricity for tube wells.
Extension work and dissemination of research on low delta crops and fruit orchards and on
optimising the soil-plant-water combination for sustainable use of water in Pishin.
Box 6: Pishin natural resource plan √ integrated water

40
Pishin Integrated Development VisionPishin Integrated Development Vision
Ensure the sewage is treated before recycled for vegetable cultivation and orchard irrigation or
before draining into streams; and solid waste does not block and pollute water courses and
reserves in Pishin.
Motivating communities to construct local check dams for conserving water and planting trees
in Pishin.
Watershed management operations in forests and rangelands in Pishin.
Pilot projects in collaboration with NGOs/CSOs and private sector.
Objective: Manage existing forests efficiently and conserve forest resources for future generations, ensure
conservation of forest biodiversity and maintenance of ecosystem functions including regulation of
waters, combating natural disasters, mitigation of climate change, improvement of habitats in protected
areas, promotion of ecotourism, and greening the urban environments in Pishin.
The Pishin Forest and Protected Areas Plan will include:
Map using satellite images showing forest areas, forest cover, vegetation in the forests, property
rights, land capitalisation, and flora and fauna in the district (although livestock grazing is the
main land capitalisation in the district, the exact area and location of rangelands is not available,
no details are available for the cultivable waste area and the actual area of forest cover).
Raise productivity of forests in Pishin; discourage alien invasive species; restore ecology of
degraded forests in Pishin by planting maximum species.
Capacity to manage forests, techniques for regeneration, management of diseases, and
community based management and regulation, will be created in Pishin.
Promote alternative energies for fuel consumption for Pishin. Pilot alternative energy sources in
Pishin: biogas, solar PV, wind and solar thermal. Compile data on wind feasibility.
Promote affordable alternatives to fuel wood and the extension of gas infrastructure in Pishin;
reduce wood wastage in Pishin.
Development of stocking of soil and water compatible plants in Pishin.
Raise forest plantations on communal lands in Pishin, along the stream and river banks around
the storage and recharge dams, on the borders of fields with multi purpose trees.
Raise plantations and encourage and support agro-forestry for multiple purpose trees for fodder,
firewood, timber, soil conservation, watershed, biodiversity, and carbon sequestration in Pishin;
raise herbs, resins and gums in Pishin.
Establish state-owned biodiversity rich areas as protected areas, with the participation of local
communities, for promoting ecotourism and sustainable use in Pishin.
Set up scientifically managed protected areas (forest and wildlife areas) for ecotourism and
sustainable application in Pishin.
Expand efforts beyond tree and game species to the general flora and fauna in Pishin.
Establish target indicators and baselines for Pishin.
Raise awareness on current situation and the future (including climate change, population
growth) using specific data on Pishin; assessing current and future needs for Pishin.
Box 7: Pishin natural resource plan √ forests and protected areas

41
Promote community participation in management and regulation of forests, rangelands and
protected areas in Pishin.
Lobby with the GoB for Pishin:
Implementing the Biodiversity Action Plan for Pakistan (2000) and the National Forest
Diversity Vision (2006) as applicable in Pishin.
Preparing a province specific action plan for biodiversity, wildlife and protected areas with
specific plans, policies and targets for Pishin.
Pilot projects in collaboration with NGOs/CSOs and private sector e.g.dwarf palm related
handicrafts, MAPs etc in Pishin.
Objective: Secure species and promote sustainable conservation.
The Pishin Wildlife Plan will include:
Map of existing animals in the district including annual count of migratory birds.
Directory of stakeholders and retailers.
Photographs, map and list of endangered species.
Baseline data.
Target indicators.
List of individuals involved in trade of animals (legal and illegal).
Lobby with GoB on:
Preparing a provincial action plan for wildlife, rangelands biodiversity, wildlife and protected
areas, and livestock with Pishin specific plans, programmes and interventions.
Promote:
Hunters» associations and lobby with them to ensure sustainable practices.
Community participation, through social mobilisation, organisation, awareness raising,
capacity building and economic incentives. Community based trophy hunting, has
succeeded in other parts of Balochistan (Torghar), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Gilgit-
Baltistan. Dureji is another success model. These can be replicated.
Design and implement projects for ecotourism.
Community regulation and enforcement of laws and policies in Pishin.
Implement pilot projects in collaboration with NGOs/CSOs and private sector in Pishin.
Box 8: Pishin natural resource plan √ wildlife

42
Pishin Integrated Development VisionPishin Integrated Development VisionPishin Integrated Development Vision
Objectives: Ensure that rangelands in Pishin are restored and are used sustainably.
The Pishin Rangeland Plan will include:
Map of district with land use and zoning area.
Forest cover (actual area).
Rangeland (actual area).
Forest areas (actual area).
Ownership (private, communal, disputed) of land.
Land settlement and records.
Livestock.
Wood and vegetation use for energy.
Access to rangelands by income.
Map of rangelands in Pishin by types and vulnerability.
Map of Rangelands in Pishin by grazing potential and short term rejuvenation:
Ecological zoning of rangelands.
Water points and salt licks.
Lobby with the GoB on: preparing a province specific action plan with detailed district plans for
rangelands, biodiversity, wildlife and protected areas and livestock with specific plans,
programmes and targets for Pishin.
Establish productive rangeland identification and monitoring in Pishin through satellite imagery.
Establish baseline indicators and targets for Pishin such as:
Ratio between livestock: rangeland.
Animals and livestock-forage ratio (to work towards alternative feeds such as molasses).
Plan and implement grazing management in Pishin; discourage and reduce gradually the open
free grazing of livestock.
Invest in reseeding, seeding, development of water points, and placement of salt licks for
improving the rangelands in Pishin; this will also help in enhancing recharge of water,
conservation of biodiversity, especially plant species.
Implement interventions and programmes on community participation/planning, management
and regulation for rangelands in Pishin.
Coordinate between the Forest Department (responsible for rangelands) and the Livestock
Department for/in Pishin; launch programmes in Pishin for improved breeds, feed (including
rangeland management) and health of livestock.
Engage with nomads to see how nomadic paths and rangeland management can be
complementary in Pishin.
Raise pastoralist awareness on rangeland management in Pishin.
Coordinate with NGOs, CSOs and the private sector to pilot new initiatiives.
Box 9: Pishin natural resource plan √ rangelands

43
5. Agriculture and livestock
T
here is need to rehabilitate the
Bund Khushdil Khan Reservoir to
irrigate its command area of
1,469 hectares.
In 2008-09 there were 1048 tractors in
Pishin (10 in the government sector and
1,038 were privately owned); out of 162
threshers four were in the government
sector and 158 were privately owned; out
of 21 bulldozers 12 were in the
government sector and nine were privately
owned. There was no harvester or reaper
in the district.27 Some positive aspects
and contributions of Afghan refugees
include the introduction of good practices
in agriculture (e.g. use of fertilisers, raising
seedling of crops and fruit nurseries,
keeping milk cows, and providing
information about wildlife to local
communities etc).
The locus-trine soils of Pishin district are
poorly drained and if heavily and
continuously irrigated, serious agronomic
problems will arise, especially for
orchards. Poor management of land
resources, resulting in loss of fertile top
soils, and absence of callibrating the
27 Government of Balochistan (2006 and 2008-09). Agricultural Statistics
of Balochistan 2006, 2008-2009. Quetta, Balochistan: Government of
Balochistan.

water-crop-soil requirement has led to a
reduction in agricultural productivity.
5.1 Livestock
Livestock is an important source of
livelihood for a majority of the rural
population. It not only generates income for
the owners (sale of animals, wool and hides),
but is also a major source of nutrition (milk,
yogurt, lassi, kurt, meat). In addition, some
livestock is important for transportation
particularly in those areas where road based
transport is not available or where the area is
hilly or the terrain rugged.
Most of the people in the district are engaged
in livestock grazing activities. Traditionally,
nomads, along with their herds, regularly visit
Pishin district when the weather is not
favourable in Afghanistan.
Over the past three decades the importance
of livestock and rangelands has decreased
due to the extension of tube well supported
agriculture. However, reversal is foreseen, as
tube well agriculture is not likely to be viable
for much longer.
The Livestock Department, supported by
development partners FAO and United
Nations Development Programme (UNDP), is
involved in: animal husbandry; disease
prevention and treatment (veterinary
hospitals and dispensaries); artificial
insemination; input supplies; and dairy
development. The extension services of the
department focus on awareness raising
among farmers regarding livestock
management. Marketing services and price
setting are influenced by the private sector
and public sectors.
22,865 households reported on the number of
cattle. The number of animals reported were
91,433; the number of male cattle three years
and above were 7,018, of which 3,858 were
used for breeding, number of male cattle
below three years were 17,914. The number
of female cattle were 53,654 - 47,427 were in
milk, 3,577 were dry and 2,650 had not yet
calved; and the number of female cattle below
three years were 12,848.
Out of 22,258 households 7,196 (32.33 per
cent of the total) got their cows and buffaloes
artificially inseminated; 3,228 (14.5 per cent)
households did not like artificial insemination,
whereas 2,103 (9.45 per cent) households
reported that the Artificial Insemination Centre
was located at a distance that was beyond
their reach.
The addition of two veterinary hospitals in the
year 2004-05 increased their number to
seven. Twenty veterinary dispensaries in the
year 2004-05 increased to 27 by 2005-06.
During 2007, 194,457 animals were treated,
277,984 vaccinated and 790 castrated.28
44
Cattle in Pishin district
28 Government of Balochistan (2006). Balochistan Livestock Census, 2006. Quetta, Pakistan: Government of Balochistan.

45
The most prevalent diseases among the
livestock in Pishin district were foot and mouth
disease, round worms, ticks, and tetanus.
5.2 Poultry
Poultry is an important asset for women, as
they are allowed to retain the meagre income
they make from the sale of poultry and/or
eggs, and poultry provides a source of
nutrition for the entire family. There is one
government poultry farm containing nearly 500
layers. There are a number of privately owned
poultry farms in the district (Surkhab has 15,
Bostan two and in Pishin Bazaar one).29
The dominant flock sizes of poultry birds in
the district are 1-10,11-25, 26-50 and 51-75; a
small number of ducks and ducklings are also
kept by some households. According to the
Livestock Census (2006), total poultry birds
were 529,493 including 97,910 cocks, 280,471
hens, 151,112 chicken and 2,258 ducks,
drakes and ducklings in Pishin district.30
5.3 Fruits and Vegetables
The district produces significant quantities of
fruits and vegetables, which are marketed in
the province and outside. There are numerous
intermediaries in the marketing process. The
dissemination of accurate and timely
marketing information is vital in helping
farmers make good marketing decisions. It
helps in the short term to decide when and
where to market the produce, what price to
expect, and in the long term, what to
produce. In Quetta and Dera Murad Jamali
districts, there is a well-developed system of
wholesale markets.
Pishin district, produces significant quantities
of fruits and vegetables, which are marketed
in the province and outside. There are
numerous intermediaries in the marketing
process, thereby reducing the income for
farmers.
The farmers of Pishin district contend that the
supply of fertilisers and electricity for farmers
in neighbouring Iran is free, which decreases
the production cost of fruits for Iranian
farmers and gives them a competitive
advantage in the international market. Instead,
there are long periods of load shedding and
fluctuation in Pishin District. This situation may
be dealt with through the introduction of low
delta fruit varieties and high efficiency
irrigation techniques.
Farmer packing apples to ship to the market
29 ibid.
30 ibid.

46
Objective: Ensure sustainable growth, food security and income generation opportunities in Pishin.
The Pishin Agriculture Plan will include:
Map and directory of stakeholders service providers and retailers.
Land settlement and land records; land consolidation; ownership rights; cultivable area.
Map and list of all crops grown.
Map soil quality (vulnerability to wind erosion, adoption of agro chemicals, and cultivation
practices).
Directory of stakeholders, service providers (agricultural machinery mechanics etc).
Map and list of potential crops and an assessment of water consumption, energy consumption,
income, yield and sustainability in Pishin
Analysis of soil-crop-water requirement, compatibility and efficiency.
Adoption of practices to prevent soil erosion and desertification.
Construction of mini dams and development of command area for the dams.
Adoption of integrated pest management and cultural practices for the control of pests.
Fruit and vegetable documentation and expansion, greenhouse (tunnel), off season
vegetable production and organic farming.
Links with:
Directorate of Agriculture Services for Crop2, which has set up an online information
system, that collects marketing information from a variety of sources in both the public and
private sectors.
Directorate of Agriculture Extension; which provides subsidised seeds3 and through its
extension field staff introduces the application of new technology (optimum use of water,
fertiliser, seeds, maintaining top soil etc.) to farmers.
Directorate of Agriculture, Economics and Marketing Balochistan Quetta is now planning to
develop a provincial database so that relevant agencies can operate more efficiently.
AGMARKET in Balochistan has decentralised the marketing information system to improve
access to information at the district level.
Promote in Pishin:
Low delta crops and orchards such as pistachios, grapes, olives and almonds.
Cultivation of MAP.
The cultivation of tomatoes, onions, maize, potatoes, melons and chilies.
Lobby with GoB on measures that can be given immediate affect e.g. availability of bull dozers.
In Pishin restrict and regulate:
High delta crops such as spinach and radishes.
Design a community managed zoning plan for crops based on water and soil optimisation.
Facilitate access to inputs; manure and compost; seed and fertiliser availability; quality of seeds;
and marketing of certified seeds in Pishin.
Compile list of possible sectors in Pishin where value added for fruits and vegetables can be
tapped; identify potential agro-based small and medium enterprises; and introduce Global Good
Agricultural Practices (GGAP) and International Feature Standard (IFS) certification for
Box 10: Pishin agriculture plan

47
processing plants, pack houses and transport of agricultural produce to make it more
export√worthy.
Adopt practices to reduce post-harvest losses and reduce waste of low grade fruit in Pishin.
Improve storage and transport of agricultural produce, fruits, vegetables, and flowers in Pishin.
Design a strategy to reform the Market Act and adopt modern marketing practices for
agricultural produce which are more inclusive, transparent and fair in Pishin.
Design an effective business model for Pishin for linking agricultural produce to markets.
Enable access to agriculture machinery in Pishin and create small and medium enterprises
around its maintenance.
Pilot cooperative farming in Pishin.
Facilitate accreditation of labs used in the agricultural sector in Pishin.
Restructure current labs to make them more self-sustaining in Pishin.
Enter into partnerships in Pishin with the private sector, NGOs/CSOs for providing extension
services.
Pilot with NGOs, CSOs and the private sector in Pishin on water efficient irrigation (e.g. land
levelling, drip and sprinkler irrigation organic produce, and GGAP and IFS certified products for
export).
Floriculture includes the growing of and use of flowers, raising ornamental plant nurseries, ornamental
gardening and landscaping.
It is a comparatively new agricultural activity in Balochistan. Various flowering plants have been
introduced at various places in the province (seeds, bulbs, corms, rhizomes, tubers etc.) The private
sector has come forward in this business.
The Agriculture Department grows flowers for demonstration and sale at Quetta and it plans to establish
flower shops at divisional headquarters for sale of cut flowers. The flower shop at Quetta is almost ready
and the ones at Kuchlak and Kalat are underway. Floriculture requires exacting inputs, investment, skills,
intensive work, which in turn needs taking of risks. More importantly, it requires communication and
storage infrastructure.
Floriculture can improve the socio-economic conditions of the farmers if they include growing of cut
flowers, and raising nurseries of forest, fruit and ornamental plants on farmlands. Floriculture is not a
traditional practice in Pishin, only a small number of farmers in the district know the techniques of
growing, harvesting and marketing, flowers as well as its economics. The expertise in floriculture in the
department, especially its extension staff is limited, and so is the scope, which is confined to cut flowers:
Develop and implement a Floriculture Promotion Strategy for Pishin.
Prepare feasibilities for small and medium enterprises and small farmers in Pishin. Raise
awareness, provide business related information, and build capacity of nursery growers,
professionals and amateurs.
Prepare a map of Pishin district with known floriculture species; make recommendations on
appropriate climatic and water conditions.
Prepare a list of experts in Pishin, province and rest of the country.
Prepare a list of commercial enterprises across the country.
Box 11: Floriculture in Pishin

48
Flowers are a perishable commodity and require rapid access and certain markets.Gradually
create adequate transportation and storage in Pishin.
Arrange exposure visits for interested farmers from Pishin to see ornamental nurseries and cut
flower fields at the Quetta Agricultural Farm and Pattoki.
Promote the use of cut flowers, garland flowers and flower petals in Pishin.
Facilitate procurement, multiplication and marketing of flower seeds, bulbs, and ornamental.
plants-herbs, shrubs and trees in Pishin.
Provide technical advice and service regularly to growers in Pishin.
Arrange flower shows and flower arrangement shows in Pishin.
Facilitate farmers» access to credit in Pishin from the development financial institutions.
The Pishin District Government is committed to:
Piloting practices such as growing flowers in plastic tunnels.
Raising nurseries of ornamental plants on farmlands.
Providing the necessary equipment, such as lathe houses.
Linking the produce to demand from the markets.
Pilot with NGOs, CBOs and the private sector in Pishin.
Objective: Ensure that the full potential of the livestock and poultry sector is realised in Pishin without
compromising its sustainability or that of agriculture and natural resources.
The Pishin Livestock and Poultry Plan will include:
Map and director of service providers and facilities in Pishin.
Map of livestock by grazing area in Pishin.
Establishment of baseline indicators and targets in Pishin:
Nutrition of livestock/poultry.
Diseases in livestock/poultry.
Age of livestock/poultry.
Milk production.
Size of herds/flocks.
Size of herds/flocks by households.
Ratio of unproductive: productive livestock/poultry.
Price of hide: price of value added hide.
Livestock: forage.
Livestock/poultry: veterinary Hospital.
Livestock/poultry: vets.
Livestock/poultry: extension workers.
Household: extension workers.
Native: endemic livestock breeds.
Box 12: Pishin livestock and poultry plan

49
Native: endemic fodder and feed types.
Prepare a management plan for Pishin focusing on feed, breed and health.
Close coordination between the Livestock, Forest and Wildlife and Agriculture Departments for
improvement of livestock and rangelands in Pishin; joint livestock and rangeland projects,
interventions and activities for implementation by joint teams.
Disease prevention and control plan for Pishin (hygiene at poultry farms and livestock farms,
poultry management kits, training on diseases, training on hygienic slaughter practices, markets
for medicines, vaccination).
Coordinate with the Livelihood Diversification Plan for Pishin, and the Forests and Rangelands
Plan for Pishin.
Introduction of optimal breeds for Pishin district»s arid climate.
Hold discussions with nomads and pastoralists to understand their priorities and needs
including:
Large-scale movement of nomads and semi nomadic communities and their livestock, which
deplete the rangelands and transmit diseases to local livestock. There is no quarantine system
applied to the migrant herds from outside or to local herds when returning after grazing from
the kachhi plains.
Difficulties in nomadic grazing due to uncertainty of forage and absence of facilities, both
for the grazers and animals on and along the migratory routes, as well as dependence of
grazers and animals on the co-operation of local communities.
Vaccination and quarantine camps should be setup in Pishin on the migratory routes of animals
especially during the march-april migration through the district.
Raise awareness of GoB plans and programmes as impacting Pishin.
Coordination with the NGOs/CSOs and private sector on piloting new initiatives in Pishin:
Find solutions for the present situation of imperfect livestock marketing.
Design projects and interventions for the production and marketing of silage, which has
tremendous advantage as feed for animals in arid and drought-prone areas.
Introduce and manage high protein molasses blocks for winter feeding and drought periods.
Improve animal health care facilities (vaccination against infectious and communicable
diseases, precautions against worms, ticks, and curative treatment including de-worming
are important for the health of livestock).
Depute veterinary assistants on the established migratory routes for vaccination and
treatment, especially the treatment of infectious and communicable diseases. Find solutions
for issues such as slaughtering in the open (weak monitoring, surveillance and monitoring of
meat being sold, resulting in low quality or un-healthy meat being supplied to the market).
There is no meat processing plant in the province.
Local livestock markets exist in different parts of the district. Livestock prices increase
rapidly and sometimes fluctuate due to the arrival of nomads from Afghanistan with their
livestock, droughts when the owners cannot afford to feed the animals, slaughtering of a
large number of animals on Eid-ul-Azha. However, consumers do not benefit from
temporary reduction in prices)
Improve livestock marketing and reduce dependence on external markets in Pishin.

50
Improve supply, management, access and knowledge of feed and fodder in Pishin:
Increase high yielding grass varieties and information on grazing areas.
Educate and train farmers in Pishin through livestock extension services and training
programmes.
Organise livestock shows in Pishin like the Sibi mela.
Increase fodder and feed production.
Conduct research on fodder species of trees and shrubs, their planting, yield and their
nutrition etc.
Construct seasonal facilities for the grazers and livestock on the migratory routes in
remotely located range areas.
Improve monitoring of veterinary staff and other services regarding cure and prevention in
Pishin:
Improve animal health care facilities.
Control infectious livestock diseases being introduced by the livestock of Afghan Powindas
from across the Pak-Afghan border.
Provide training to farmers in treatment of livestock diseases.
Introduce and promote dairy farming and encourage animal fattening for marketing.

51
6. Poverty alleviation and
livelihood diversification
I
t is estimated that 60 per cent of the
population of Balochistan lives below
the poverty line; almost 43 per cent of
children are malnourished.31
The agricultural sector is the most
dominant sector in Pishin district. The
district is a major producer of fruits and
has vast potential for developing fruit and
vegetable processing and contributing to
the fresh fruit juice industry. Pishin district
was once famous for watermelon and
grapes, which were exported to Sri Lanka
and Bangladesh. Of the local workforce,
49.9 per cent of the employed labour force
is in the agricultural sector, and an
additional 15-20 per cent work lands
irrigated by tube wells i.e. about 60,000
workers are engaged in the agricultural
sector. Skilled agricultural workers were
only 50.30 per cent of the total employed
and active labour force. Cultivation can be
extended further if a sustainable supply of
irrigation water is arranged. The district
holds the potential for high valued cash
crops like fruits, vegetables, tobacco,
potato etc.
31 Government of Balochistan (2004). Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey
2004 [website]. <http://balochistan.gov.pk/departments/mics/MICS-4-
Web/4-6-Results-Child%20Protection.pdf>. Accessed 10 October 2011;
World Bank (2007). Promoting Rural Growth and Poverty Reduction
[website].
<http://www.worldbank.org.pk/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/SOUT
HASIAEXT/PAKISTANEXTN/0,,contentMDK:21309038~pagePK:141137~
piPK:141127~theSitePK:293052,00.html>. Accessed 3 January 2012.

Economic activities revolve mainly around
landowners, traders, cultivators, herd owners,
and labourers. Landowners and traders either
cultivate the land themselves or employ
bazgars and tenants including Afghan
refugees. Local people, refugees and nomads
own herds. The labour force, mainly male, is
about 20 per cent of the total population. Only
a negligible percentage of locals are employed
in the mining sector.
Private enterprises and the provincial
government play a significant role in the
provision of agricultural inputs and services.
Diversification into new industries and addition
of value-added at the district level can have a
significant impact on poverty, employment and
income generation, especially for women.
The economy of the district is largely confined
to agriculture, livestock, commerce and trade.
There are few factories in the district: three are
ice factories, one concrete pole factory at
Saranan, and there are a few small semi-
manufacturing units in Pishin Bazaar. There are
also many naswar making units in Pishin
Bazaar, which pose both environmental and
health hazards. Retail trade is the major
economic activity. In the mid 1990s, there were
732 retail, wholesale and semi-manufacturing
units in the district employing, 1,478 workers.
Despite the potential, industry remains
undeveloped in Pishin district mainly due to
non-availability of local entrepreneurs and
skilled labour, and lack of capital. There were
plans to make Bostan an industrial estate, but
they have not been implemented yet.
The poor rely heavily on natural resources but
their access to and control over natural assets
and resources is limited.
The thrust of the GoB»s development
programme in the context of its Poverty
Alleviation Strategy (1999) was to raise the
standard of living in the province with an initial
investment of Rs. 1.27 billion and estimated
return of Rs. 2.26 billion. It included provision
of 270,000 jobs for providing sustainable
livelihood to 70 per cent of the poor
population. However, this strategy could not
be implemented due to paucity of funds and a
shift in provincial priorities.
6.1 Labour force
Pishin District Government will coordinate and
lobby with the provincial government on the
district»s priorities, particularly human resource
development. Technical, professional and
vocational training facilities will be
strengthened, expanded or created to meet
the existing and potential demand in the
district and outside markets. Skills based
teaching programmes that can facilitate
employment will be implemented:
construction material fabrication units, mining,
tourism, agricultural engineering, commercial
agriculture and livestock, and poultry farming.
52
Labour opportunities are few and far between

Labour-related laws will be enforced including
the: (i) Employees Social Security Ordinance
1965, (ii) Employees Old-Age Benefits Act
1976, (iii) Employment of Children Act 1991,
and (iv) The Minimum Wages Ordinance 1961.
These labour laws will provide social
insurance to workers.
Under the Employees Social Security
Ordinance, all establishments employing
more than five workers are required to
register their employees and pay for their
social security benefits. Similarly, all
establishments employing more than 10
workers are required to register their
employees for old age pension benefits.
Workers are generally not registered in the
district for any of these benefits.
Pishin District Government will coordinate with
the Employees Old-Age Benefits Institution
(EOBI) to register these establishments and
their workers. Social security provides health
care facilities to all workers and their families.
It also provides wages in the event of a
chronic disease that requires long-term
treatment, and EOBI provides pension to
workers on retirement. One time registration
provides coverage for life, even if the worker
changes jobs.
According to the Population Census 1998, the
total labour force in Pishin district, is 31.91 per
cent (59.87 per cent males and 0.74 per cent
females). 70. 99 per cent of total employed
workers (71.48 per cent males and 42.17 per
cent females) were self-employed in the
district. The overall unemployment rate was
36.16 per cent (36.53 per cent males and 2.88
per cent females).32
In Pishin District, 1.2 per cent family members
were working outside the country in 2008; 1.2
per cent received remittances on an yearly
averaging around Rs. 25,651.
According to MICS, 16 per cent of the
population (aged more than 10 years), 15 per
cent (aged more than 15 years), 48 per cent
(aged 10 to 17 years), and 30 per cent (aged
15 to 24 years) was unemployed. The ratio of
female unemployment was almost double that
of males in all age classes.33
The proportion of children in the total number
of workers (although child labour is illegal) was
4.7 per cent. The ratio of female workers in
enterprises and manufacturing sectors is
negligible.
6.2 Economic
opportunities and
livelihood
diversification
The GoP»s new economic policy outline is
based on the premise that partnerships
between the public-private sectors will
become the engine of economic and industrial
growth, making workers partners in
development projects.
The World Bank/Asian Development Bank»s
Balochistan Economic Report (2008)34
included priority areas, and strategies for
realising the provinces« potential. Taking from
these, the Pishin District Government will
focus on supporting urbanisation, profitable
enterprises, productive jobs, and creating
employment links for male workers outside
the district.
Keeping in line with the economic policies,
Pishin District Government will prioritise
agriculture; value addition in minerals;
ecotourism; and support services in urban areas.
The business environment can be enhanced
with transport, education, access to
information and improved infrastructure.
As part of its Livelihood Diversification Plan,
the following guiding principles:
1. Develop and efficiently use those activities
and physical infrastructure that are critical
to the long term economic health of Pishin;
2. Ensure decisions and actions are
affordable and do not accumulate
liabilities for future generations; and
3. Ensure that economic benefits and
resources are adequately distributed so as
to avoid inequities.
53
34 Asian Development Bank and World Bank (2008). Balochistan Economic Report Islamabad Pakistan: Government of Balochistan.

6.3 Private sector
development
Recognising that the private sector is hindered
by diverse factors such as high prices of
utilities, administrative barriers to investment,
red tape, law and order, and higher costs of
inputs, Pishin District Government will lobby
with the GoB for tax exemptions and other
incentives for investment. Like the rest of
Pakistan, the private sector has been most
successful in the transport and energy (gas
cylinders marketing) sectors in Balochistan.
Medium to large scale private sector
investments in the mining, corporate
agriculture and livestock, and sanitation and
waste collection sectors needs to be
strengthened.
The Pishin District Government is committed
to ensuring an enabling environment for the
private sector especially SMEs.
Pishin district is rich in metallic and non-
metallic minerals and this sector is one of the
main pillars of growth in Balochistan. The
Khanozai area of Karezat tehsil has an active
minerals and mining sector. It also has a good
education system. There are 11 Mineral
development check posts of the Department
in the province and also a mobile squad for
checking irregularities.
The minerals are marketed in raw form. More
than 50 per cent of rock chromites is inert
material. However, an up-gradation plant is in
the offing. Computer modeling of chromites
reserves with detailed investigation of reserves
needs to be undertaken. There is also scope
for developing marble and dimension stones
(granite and limestone) sub-sectors in the
district.
6.4 Communication and
infrastructure
A communication infrastructure is vital for
accelerating the pace of economic
development e.g. farm to market roads,
highways, railways etc. The district is served
by three national highways, black and shingle
roads and railways. Pishin district is linked
with all other parts of the province and
country through road. The closes airport
facilitiy is in Quetta. Rural roads, especially
farm to market roads, are inadequate.
The important highways are from Quetta to
Chaman, via Pishin and Quetta to Zhob
through Karezat tehsil. Pishin is linked with
Khanozai in the east and Qila Abdullah district
in the west through Barshore and Hurramzai
tehsils. The Quetta-Chaman railway line (42
kilometers) passes through Pishin district.
There is an abandoned concrete runway from
the time of the British Royal Air force in Pishin.
Maintenance of provincial roads is the
responsibility of the Communications and
54
Table 3: Revised PSDP for Pishin district 2010-11
SECTORS Ongoing Schemes New Schemes Total %age of Total
Allocation Number Allocation Number Allocation Number
Agriculture 0 0 50 1 50 1 4.53
P.P.& H. 43.149 1 5 1 48.149 2 4.37
Communication 671.579 24 55 5 726.579 29 65.87
Water 28.881 3 50 3 78.881 6 7.15
Education 50 3 30 2 80 5 7.25
Health 15.881 3 15 2 30.881 5 2.80
Public Health
Engineering 0 0 50 3 50 3 4.53
Social Welfare 0 0 28.538 2 28.538 2 2.59
Power 0 1 10 3 10 4 0.91
Total 809.490 35 293.538 22 1,103.028 57 100
Source: Government of Balochistan, PSDP 2010-2011 (Original)

Work Department, headed by an Executive
Engineer at the district level. There is a
network of engineers, overseers and other
staff members who work under him. In 2004-
05, metalled and shingle roads in Pishin
district covered a total road length of 980
kilometer of which 648 kilometer was shingle:
1. 332 kilometer was metalled in 2004-05
2. 419 kilometer was metalled in 2005-06
(total length - 1,067 kilometer)
3. 500 kilometer (total length - 1,148
kilometer) was metalled in 2006-07
There are a large number of
unregistered/smuggled vehicles in the district.
There is an adequate public bus service
between Pishin Town and Quetta City.
The train to Pishin and Chaman from Quetta
and back is very slow, even for tourists.
Till 2004, the coverage of telecommunication
facilities in the district was very poor. It has
improved since then thereafter due to the
involvement of the private sector. Up to 2007,
there were a total of 10,543 telephone
connections in Pishin District: 6,530 auto and
28 manual, and 3,985 Wireless Local Loop
(WLL) connections. There were 19 auto, one
manual, and five WLL exchanges.
Radio is both popular in villages and remote
areas as a means of information and
entertainment. 61.4 per cent people used
radios, 13.6 per cent televisions and 22.0 per
cent read newspapers regularly. Internet
facilities are also available in certain areas e.g.
Pishin bazaar, Khanozai and Bostan.
The number of post offices in Pishin district
has been declining; there were 26 in 2000-01
to 24 in 2001-02, and 16 in 2003-04/2006-07.
6.5 Energy
An affordable and regular supply of power is
crucial for basic needs such as cooking and
heating; essential for adding value to and
diversifying livelihoods (mechanisation of
agriculture, modernisation of mining, poultry
farming, ecotourism, value addition to
agriculture and livestock products); and for the
provision of basic social services such as
education, health care and piped water. 55
Daily transportation between Pishin town and Quetta city

Major sources for light are electricity, gas
and kerosene oil, while major sources for
fuel are firewood, animal dung, gas, Liquified
Petroleum Gas (LPG) cylinders and
electricity. The use of cow dung as fuel
reduces the quantity of manure which is very
essential for agricultural production. The
large-scale cutting and removal of
vegetation for firewood has resulted in
deforestation and devegetation with other
alarming implications, including soil and
water erosion and reduced water recharge
and biodiversity.
In Pishin district, 75.6 per cent households
had access to electricity. The number of fuel
and power consumers by type in 2006-07
were, 24,237-19,130 domestic; 2,387
commercial; 205 industrial; and 2,509
agricultural six others. The number of
domestic gas connections was 4,126.
Electricity is supplied through the national
grid. There is inadequate coverage of
electricity and gas. Piped natural gas supply
is limited in the district. The coverage is
affected by the quantum of supply and
scattered nature of settlements, especially
in Barshore tehsil and southern parts of
Pishin tehsil. Frequently, there is scarcity of
LPG cylinders, especially during winter. A
limited number of households and
businesses use generators during load
shedding.
6.6 Ecotourism
designing and launching ecotourism in the
following locations:
Bund Khush Dil Khan
D.C. Rest House35
Pishin Bazar
Shrine of Sheikh Farid Baba
Shrine of Mulla Usman Akhund
Shrine of Pir Hyder
Shrine of Ismailzai Agha
Shrine of Nau Gazey Baba
Shrine of Khanai Baba
Takatu
Karezat Khanozai
Barshore Tehsil
The district has inadequate tourist facilities,
which is one of the reasons for the low
number of tourists. It has a few hotels and
restaurants but none of them are likely to
attract tourists.
56
35 The Pishin Rest House, which has been the centre of political and social activities pre and post 1947.

57
Objective: Ensure diversification of livelihoods and introduction of employment opportunities in Pishin
that lead to greater income and asset creation.
The Pishin Livelihood Diversification Plan will include:
Map of markets, commercial outlets, mines, small and medium enterprises.
Map demarcating potential new enterprises (ecotourism) or the re-location of existing
enterprises (e.g. naswar units).
Directory of market associations and credit facilities.
Directory of provincial and federal training institutes, and private sector training institutes.
Data on the number of current jobs by nature and sector.
Data on unemployment, employment and number of vacancies.
Data on sectors where employment gaps can be exploited (these may include sectors such as
information technology that can be developed in the short term and sectors that will be
developed in the long term such as ecotourism).
Indicators to measure employment.
Feasibilities for SMEs.
Establish a monitoring and evaluation system for Pishin:
Targets for employment (including for phasing out child labour).
Targets for employment diversification.
Establishment of bazaar association in Pishin:
Developing a district level market for fruits, vegetables, livestock and their products.
Job creation opportunities.
New product creation (for e.g. floriculture).
Market Information.
Link between producers and retailers and customers.
Ensure cleanliness.
Establish links to ecotourism initiatives and alternative energy initiatives.
Promote information technology application.
Make available credit facilities.
Nurturing SMEs and skill development in Pishin. Support programme for sustainable alternative
livelihood both for men and women in (credit providing agencies, feasibilities, links with the
Small and Medium Enterprise Development Authority, BRSP, Export Promotion Bureau economic
incentives, training, alternative energy sources) ensuring that impact on environment is assessed
and mitigated:
Box 13: Pishin livelihood diversification plan

58
Tourism. Maintenance and use of natural/archaeological/historical sites with proper guides
and information. These cultural assets and other tourism resources shall be preserved,
interpreted and promoted for tourism.
Interpretation and promotion of tourism assets.
Facilitating No Objection Certificates for visits.
Selecting and training individuals as guides and linking them with the national and
international companies.
Prioritising community-based tourism.
Alternative energy (heating stoves, solar powered water heaters etc). Wind data and feasibility
studies for Pishin for energy development in remote rural areas through dispersed application
of alternate energy sources including biogas, solar panels, solar thermal and wind.
Exploiting minerals. Marble preparing units, chromite products.
Poultry farming and livestock.
Low grade food uses.
Repair of household equipment.
Machinery maintenance and repair.
Installation and maintenance of high efficiency irrigation systems.
Handicrafts including woollen carpets, rugs and other woollen articles; wood work, knitting,
sewing.
Cultivation of MAPs.
Cold storage, fruit grading and packing, and preparation of preserves.
Strategy to encourage vocational education in Pishin. (Organise technical training of the labour
force keeping in mind the local, provincial, national and foreign market requirements. Train in
technical centres and vocational training institutes, on the job, in as well as in other developed
areas of the province such as Quetta and Hub; encourage, catalyse and facilitate opening of
standard vocational education institutions and technical training centres in the public and by the
private sectors).
Target for value addition in Pishin for traditional economic activities, with a special focus on
activities for which women bear the burden of responsibility (e.g. livestock).
Pilots with NGOs/CSOs and private sector.
Pishin District Government will lobby with the GoB to:
Establish an industrial estate; district market for fruits; establish special fruits and flowers
facilities at Quetta airport.
Improve law and order.
Design an economic plan that takes into account dwindling water resources and degraded
rangelands; create economic incentives for technology intensive and environmentally
friendly investments; create an adaptation plan for water intensive industries.

59
Provide alternatives to child labour.
Improve the capacity in the provincial government for promoting tourism in the province.
Request Pakistan Tourism Development Corporation to conduct a comprehensive survey of
the potential tourist attractions in Pishin and develop a plan (including for the private
sectors and communities).
Preserve cultural properties and natural areas for promoting their use for tourism.
Encourage the private sector to develop tourist facilities including lodges and eating-places.
Improve the marketing system including exclusion of intermediaries through enactment and
enforcement of law; create legal links between Pishin and the Afghan and Iranian markets.
Improve farm to market roads in Pishin.
Encourage and support the private sector to establish a cold storage in Pishin.
Improve the quantity and quality of agricultural machinery in Pishin.
Limit apple cultivation in Pishin to the areas where chilling requirements are met by the climatic
conditions and where water resources are not being depleted at the same time provide
alternative sources of income to areas where apple cultivation is being phased out.
Improve gender inequity in employment.
Division of labour by gender in livestock sector
Exclusively Men Exclusively Women Shared Tasks
Marketing
Breeding
Slaughtering
Purchasing and transportation
Medicines
Field grazing
Milking and feeding
Processing by-products
Fodder management
Caring of sick livestock
Hand suckling of young
Processing local herbal medicines
Dung Management
Fodder collection
Decision-making
Type/number of animals to buy or sell
Birthing

60
Lobby and work with the GoB:
Tap mines and minerals in a sustainable and environmentally friendly way to improve income
and diversify livelihoods in Pishin; use mines and minerals to support ecotourism (for e.g.
abandoned sights) in Pishin.
Complete the geological survey in Pishin especially of mineral rich areas with modern equipment
and techniques; prepare feasibility reports; arrest the practice of gross under reporting of
production of minerals.
Most of the minerals from Pishin are exported in raw form with no value addition, limiting
employment and income generation opportunities. Measures will be adopted to develop this
area.
Introduce technology for improving efficiency and quality of extracted materials, initially of
celestite and fluorite and then other minerals from Pishin.
Attract national and foreign investors to Pishin.
Promote large scale commercial mining in Pishin.
Improve marketing and trade networks in Pishin. Often mine owners do not get a fair price due
to distantly located markets.
Introduce Pishin specific targets and identify indicators to monitor them.
Introduce a comprehensive training package in Pishin for workers (and potential workers) and
local entrepreneurs in the mining sector:
Organise training for mine workers particularly on occupational health and safety issues.
Improve workers» safety and occupational health conditions in mines.
Take measures to effectively address social security needs of the workers.
Phase out the consumption of traditional mining methods which are inefficient and wasteful.
Minimise damage to animal life, landscape, and soil erosion, silting of streams which could
occur from untreated mines.
Manage air and noise pollution.
Lobby for the establishment of the Mineral Investment Facilitation Authority.
Disseminate research and other information on Pishin.
Computerise records; engage proactively with the private sector (retailers, value addition
industries, mining etc) as relevant to Pishin.
Implement the recommendations in the National Mineral Policy (1995).
Introduce a Geographic Information ystem at the Directorate General of Mines and Minerals in
Quetta as relevant to Pishin.
Box 14: Mines and minerals in Pishin

61
Monitor production and increase royalty by improving auction system in Pishin.
Conduct environmental monitoring of the mining areas and operations in Pishin.
Issue guidelines to the mining industry in Pishin to effectively manage their waste. .
Improved transparency in decisions related to concessions and leases issued for mines etc in
Pishin.
Adequate and regular supply of energy is crucial for livelihoods including mechanisation of agriculture,
modernisation of mining, poultry farming, ecotourism, value addition of agriculture and livestock
products, water and sanitation, efficient running of health facilities and educational institutions in Pishin.
In Pishin, major sources for light are electricity, gas and kerosene oil while major sources for fuel are
firewood, animal dung, gas, LPG cylinders and electricity. The use of cow dung as fuel reduces the
quantity of manure, essential for agricultural production. The large scale cutting and removal of
vegetation for firewood is resulting in deforestation and devegetation in Pishin with several other
implications including soil and water erosion and reduced water recharge and biodiversity. Major issues
faced in Pishin are:
Load shedding of electricity.
Inflation and high price of energy which limits the volume of trade.
Agricultural tube wells consume and waste electricity as it is not priced. Also due to regular
fluctuations they overuse electricity when available.
Limited availability and high cost of LPG cylinders.
Inefficient use and wastage of electricity and gas.
The Energy Plan for Pishin will include a long-term environmental and economic perspective and
appropriate energy goals:
Conserve energy with efficient use and reducing transmission losses.
Extend and expanding the supply of natural gas to the other big settlements in Pishin.
Promote the use of coal briquettes for cooking and heating in areas where supply of natural gas
will take considerable time and effort (available in Harnai and Quetta).
Promote, with subsidy, alternate energy development including off-grid solar photovoltaic, wind
energy for rural electrification; solar thermal for heavy load, especially for dispersed application;
and biogas for cooking and heating.
Introduce metering of electric-run tube wells and adopt a slab tariff on the power consumed.
Alternately, shift the subsidy on power supply to tube wells, to the procurement and use of
efficient irrigation systems e.g. to the use of high efficiency irrigation systems e.g. bubbler, drip
and sprinkler, land levelling, water management, rain water harvesting and spate irrigation etc.
Box 15: Pishin energy plan

62
Promote efficient use of energy (tuning of vehicles, tube wells, efficient cooking stoves, energy
saver bulbs etc.)
Promote the use of and arrange regular supply of LPG cylinders.
Extend the supply of natural gas in Pishin to big villages at short distances from the existing gas
pipeline.
Increase the number of CNG stations and the use of CNG for vehicles in Pishin.
Improve electricity transmission lines in to Pishin to reduce line losses.

63
7. Implementation
T
he Pishin District Government has
initiated the implementation of
recommendations and measures in
the IDDV. The Pishin IDDV will be treated
as a living document.
The IDDV is an important planning tool,
serving not only as a road map for
sustainable development but also as a
symbol of political commitment and a
reflection of the will of the people.
In the absence of democratic
representation at the district level the
IDDV can still in part ensure effective,
efficient and equitable public sector
services.
Figue 4: Phases in visioning and planning
Step One
IDDV
Step Two
Detailed sector
specific plans
Step Three
District plan
with budget

Monitoring and evaluation enables course
correcting of strategic directions and
regulating service delivery. For this purpose it
needs to address the following:
1. Is the IDVV an effective tool?
2. Are services efficient?
3. Are services equitable?
4. Are targets likely to be achieved?
A simple three-step approach will be used for
implementing the IDDV.
Step One: preparing sector wise action
plans based on livelihood diversification,
social sector, natural resource plan,
agriculture and livestock, and M&E.
Strategies for gender, landuse, energy,
mines and minerals, disaster mitigation
and preparedness, and culture and
recreation. The Pishin District Government
will coordinate and prepare these
plans/strategies jointly with appropriate
line departments and directorates on a
simple template. This will include the
following:
a. Baseline data;
b. Sector specific indicators and targets;
c. Mapping available resources;
d. Priority reform areas for policies,
Rules, Regulations and procedures;
e. Priority investment areas including
human resources, systems,
management and infrastructure;
f. Financial implications of above; and
g. Tasks spelt out in terms of short,
medium and long term (following
government budgetary cycle).
Step Two: Merge plans to arrive at a
detailed district strategy and budget.
Step Three: Align finances and allocations
to strategy and budget.
During implementation, the objective of the
IDDV to plan, change, promote, support and
monitor sustainable development in Pishin
district will remain its guiding principle.
To achieve the immediate short-term targets of
the IDDV the Pishin District Government will:
1. Create an enabling environment for:
√ Urbanisation and increasing
population density; and
√ Institutions, communities, the private
sector, civil society organisations,
academia and the media to participate
fully in the development process.
64
Geo-membrane technology for water conservation

2. Strengthen:
√ The natural resource base, curbing
and where possible reversing
degradation, and promoting
sustainable development.
3. Develop and promote:
√ Alternative and sustainable livelihoods
aimed at poverty reduction, while at
the same time reducing the
degradation of natural resources; and
√ Focus on the agricultural and mining
industries. Work with fruit and
vegetable farmers to see how their
income can be increased. Explore
other new value added sectors.
4. Create capacity by:
√ Establishing linkages with training and
education facilities at the provincial
and national level to develop human
resources;
√ Opening new marketing and
information dissemination channels;
and
√ Learning from the experiences of
community-based initiatives
elsewhere in the country.
5. Mainstream:
√ Gender concerns and eliminate
gender disparities. Adapt to social
changes in society, particularly
brought in by globalisation, while
preserving positive cultural values,
norms and traditions;
√ Equity and the needs of the poor and
vulnerable;
√ Climate change;
√ Public participation in planning of
GoB»s programmes and projects; and
√ Transparency and dissemination of
information.
There is a significant variance between
provincial allocations and district priorities but
also intra-sectoral allocations are highly
inequitable. The PSDP 2008-09 for Pishin
district reveals that the maximum funding is
for roads followed by education, irrigation,
health and information technology. In 2009-10
again the maximum funding is for roads
followed by education, public health
engineering and power. In PSDP 2010-11,
roads get a heavy share of 374.147 million
(42.3 per cent of total allocated amount for
Pishin district for 2010-11), other major
sectors in descending order are health (93
million, 11.25 per cent), power (90 million,
10.9 per cent) and education (75 million, 9.1
per cent). A review of sectoral fund allocation
indicates that the revenue and development
budget for other sectors has been very low. It
is important for balanced economic growth of
the district to reprioritise investment of limited
resources.
Pishin district is committed to prioritising O&M
over capital expenditure and to ensure that
services are financially feasible.
Donors can be approached to support the
programmes, projects and priorities of the
IDDV since these constitute the home-grown
agenda, which has been developed through a
wide consultative process. Donors and
international agencies, which have been
supporting programmes and projects in
Balochistan include UNDP, ADB, WB, EKN,
USAID, Global Environment Facitlity, EU,
UNICEF, JICA, Kuwait Fund, CIDA, DFID, FAO,
IUCN, WWF. They may be interested in funding
parts of the IDDV.
The Pishin District Government is going to
work with the GoB proactively on the
following priority areas:
√ Data and information
√ Accuracy of data pertaining to the
district;
√ Ensuring accuracy of the Population
Census; and
√ Ensuring accuracy of the district Map.
Pishin District Government will lobby for maps
that represent the exact area of the district,
tehsil-wise and mauza-wise and will lobby for
their notification in the gazette and
dissemination to relevant agencies for
planning:
1. Improve the law and order and reduce
insecurity and threat to life and assets:
a. Work on compliance and enforcement
of law;
b. Ensure security of schools; and 65

c. Arrest the erosion of harmony among
ethnic groups.
2. Build a human resource system that is:
a. Performance based;
b. Curbs absenteeism of public sector
staff;
c. Reduces vacant posts in the public
sector;
d. Extends duration of posting; and
e. Enforces sanctions and
penalties.
3. Formulate a capacity building plan which
includes:
a. Development and training of Pishin
District Government staff;
b. Raising awareness on gender, climate
change, poverty; and
c. Introduce internet, emails and electronic
system in the district government.
4. Introduce a comprehensive regulation and
monitoring system:
a. Enforce Rules, Regulations and
procedures;
b. Simplify bureaucratic procedures at
the district level;
c. Address corruption and negligence
(including shifting the balance of
allocations away from capital
expenditure to O&M);
d. Pilot a Citizen Police Liaison
Committee; and
e. Establish a Public Grievance
Redressal System.
5. Support the disaster mitigation and
preparedness strategy:
a. Negotiate incentives for the
implementation of the provincial
disaster risk management plan;
b. Hold disaster management and
seismic briefings/trainings;
c. Establish a system of preparedness
for reducing losses;
k. Agree on an emergency drinking
water plan for citizens and livestock;
m. Collate and disseminate reliable data
on temperature, precipitation, run-off,
recharge, soil moisture and ground
water in order to determine the impact
and intensity of drought; and
o. Establish a drought emergency fund
at the provincial and national levels.
6. Support the district in mainstreaming
gender, poverty and climate change:
66
Figure 5: Ensuring transparency
Information
Management and
Dissemination
Engagement with
Stakeholders
Citizens» Access
to Information
Transparent
Government

a. Conduct a malnourishment analysis of
women, children, disabled and other
vulnerable groups;
b. Review laws that are sysematically
violated (inheritance law, including
trading of women under the jirga
system etc);
c. Raise awareness on laws related to
women»s rights e.g. The Protection
against Harassment of Women at
Workplace Bill 2010 and the
Prevention of Domestic Violence Act
2008;
d. Work with federal government and
GoB on the empowering women
especially through the Benazir Income
Support Program; and
e. Provide incentivise for female teachers
and female doctors to work.
7. Support the district education plan by
prioritising:
a. Training of teachers; introducing
incentives for further studies;
encouraging teachers to compete for
federal government managed
scholarships and training
opportunities; provide transport and
accommodation to teachers for
remote areas; review eligibility criteria
for teachers (in particular relaxing the
age limit for teachers);
b. Increase non-salary allocation of
operational expenses; increase
allocations for travel for monitoring
staff;
c. Improve infrastructure in functional
schools and health facilities; upgrade
single teacher schools into multi
teacher schools;
d. Introduce the subject of governnance,
sustainable development, environment
and gender; and
e. Build a Women»s Degree College.
8. Support the district health plan:
a. Arrest communicable diseases,
particularly managing the transmission
of diseases across the porous
Pakistan-Afghanistan border; and
b. Improve capacity of health
department staff particularly for
preventive health care and mental
health.
9. Support the district water and sanitation
plan by:
a. Ensure investments are made as per a
strategic plan; and 67
Figure 6: Mismatch between priorities in Pishin district and provincial allocations
Communications and
Roads
Urban Planning and
Development
Health
Drinking Water
Health
Education
Priority
one-IDDV
Pishin
Priority
one-GoB
PSDP
Priority
two-IDDV
Pishin
Priority
two-GoB
PSDP
Priority
three-IDDV
Pishin
Priority
three-GoB
PSDP

b. Prioritise O&M expenditure.
10. Support the district natural resource
management plan:
a. Phase out the subsidised flat rate of
electricity for tube wells;
b. Subsidise farmers practicing rain-fed
farming and those using diesel
pumps;
c. Incentivise groundwater recharge by
adopting water conservation
interventions;
d. Shift the subsidy on power supply to
tube wells, to the procurement and
application of efficient intensive
irrigation systems;
e. Expand the management plans of
protected areas, and the re-
introduction plans of species that
have been endangered and wiped out;
f. Strengthen GoBs staff in the districts
in the following areas: conducting
scientific surveys and studies, wildlife
and wetland inventory, resource
planning, management and
assessment for in-situ conservation
and sustainable employment of
protected areas and species,
communication and awareness raising,
social mobilisation and community
participation, and programme and
project planning;
g. Collaborate to ensure the compliance
and enforcement of wildlife, forest and
environmental laws; and
h. Seek support to raise awareness on
the current and potential social,
economic, environmental and cultural
value of biodiversity, wildlife and
protected areas (the low provincial
funding, due to low political will and
consequent low priority for wildlife,
has remained a significant constraint).
11. Support the implementation of the district
agriculture and livestock plan:
a. Coordinate between Livestock,
Rangelands and Forest Department
for new programmes and projects;
b. Coordinate with the Provincial Disaster
Management Authority for information
on climate change, particularly droughts;
and
c. Assess the health of livestock and
poultry in the district including
nutrition/low feed due to over grazing.
12. Support the district livelihood
diversification plan:
a. Identify openings by sectors and skill
sets, with a special focus on women
and the poor;
b. Create incentives for the private
sector to provide technical education
including for women;
c. Develop Pishin as a satellite of Quetta
with strong commercial and trade links;
d. Improve economic competitiveness by
reducing cost and reliability of energy;
e. Lobby with the Quetta Electricity
Supply Corporation to improve
electricity;
f. Promote, pilot, demonstrate and
subsidise alternative energy sources;
g. Promote efficient application of
energy;
h. Promote the use and supply of LPG
cylinders; and
i. Promote CNG stations for vehicles.
13. Lobby for a greater share from the
provincial financial pool.
68

69
The Pishin M&E Plan will include:
Baseline indicators for all sectors.
Indicators to measure the effectiveness of the IDDV.
Monitoring progress in the implementation of the IDDV.
Qualitative and quantitative data.
Documenting and dissemination good practices and lessons learnt.
Pilots with NGOs or CBOs and the private sector e.g. participatory monitoring.
Box 16: Pishin M&E plan
Sports and social activities, especially youth related activities include cricket, football, volleyball,
wrestling, cycle and motorbike racing, singing and dancing. The middle aged and elderly enjoy folk
dancing. Eid-ul-Fitar and Eid-ul-Azha are celebrated as the main festivities of religious and cultural
importance. Currently, there is very little in terms of sports facilities or other healthy cultural activities.
Women have negligible opportunities for recreation outisde of their homes.
The goals of the cultural strategy for Pishin include preserving, developing, promoting and using the
cultural assets such as folklore, songs, music, handicrafts, urs, melas, sports, food, etc.; establishing and
connecting local arts and cultural organisations to the public across Pishin, province and country. This
will also promote economic development. The strategy will:
Develop facilities and promoting cultural activities to make the district enjoyable to the local
people and tourists alike.
Establishing a Pishin Museum to display all aspects of the culture and history of Pishin.
Launch domestic tourism efforts gradually, expanding it in time to foreign tourism.
The traditional handicrafts include embroidery work on kameez and shalwar of children and
women, on caps, on bed and pillow covers, etc. sheep wool sweaters can be marketed. The
Social Welfare Department initiated a training programme for women to improve and popularise
traditional handicraft making. International donors have provided some financial assistance
through local NGOs for training women in marketing of handicrafts. This should be supported in
the future.
Box 17: Pishin culture and recreation strategy

71
Annex I: Vision 2030
Economic Growth: To build a nation whose development is measured by economic growth as well as
quality of life enjoyed by its people.
Society: To evolve into a tolerant and productive society, which is at peace with itself and with the rest of
the world, within a structure of sovereignty and security
Rule of law: To establish the rule of law as a bedrock principle impacting on all walks of life
Role of the state: To encourage freedom of enterprise and innovation in the market place together with
state responsibility for the provision of basic services to all citizens, including education, health care,
water and sanitation, shelter, and security under law
Employment with special emphasis on women rights: To make employment and employability, a
central theme in economic and social policies, with special emphasis on the rights of women
Poverty Reduction: To eliminate absolute poverty and ensure social protection for the weak and the
vulnerable
Education: To generate and absorb knowledge and harness technology for the good of all while
promoting social sciences and humanities as an essential branch of knowledge
Economic stability: To sustain an average growth of 7√8 per cent in the long term through effective
investment and saving strategies while maintaining macro-economic stability
Economy: To take advantage of globalisation through enhanced competitiveness in a global economy
relating to commerce, manufacturing and services, with increased diversity and quality of content
«Brand Pakistan»: To facilitate the emergence of ≈Brand PakistanΔ, which will result in several large
conglomerates becoming global players, and many more regional hubs and centres established in
Pakistan
Governance: To re-design the structures of state and instruments of government in terms of
participation, delivery of services, and good governance
Demographic transition: To maximise dividends from the demographic transition in the coming years,
while avoiding the pitfalls
Energy: To manage the anticipated growing competition for access and ownership of resources and
energy both regionally and globally
Climate change: To prepare for climate change, and its likely unfavourable implications
Natural resources: To minimise wastage of natural resources as an important tool for preserving inter-
generational equity
Urban growth: To prepare for the dynamics and imperatives of growth of large cities, urban
concentrations and expected internal and international migration
Education and employment: To achieve significant breakthroughs in the sectors of education,
employment and energy while consolidating and expanding the gathering momentum in infrastructure
and service sector
Source: Government of Pakistan, Planning Commission <http://www.pc.gov.pk/chapterwise.html> Accessed 9 October 2011

72
Annex II: Millennium development goals
Goal 1: eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Target 1.a: halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than $1 a day
Target 1.b: achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all, including women and young
people
Target 1.c: halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger
Goal 2: achieve universal primary education
Target 2.a: ensure that by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full
course of primary schooling
Goal 3: promote gender equality and empower women
Target 3.a: eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education, preferably by 2005, and at all
levels of education no later than 2015
Goal 4: reduce child mortality
Target 4.a: reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate
Goal 5: improve maternal health
Target 5.a: reduce by three-quarters the maternal mortality ratio
Target 5.b: achieve universal access to reproductive health
Goal 6: combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases
Target 6.a: have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS
Target 6.b: achieve, by 2010, universal access to treatment for HIV/AIDS for all those who need it
Target 6.c: have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases
Goal 7: ensure environmental sustainability
Target 7.a: integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programs and
reverse the loss of environmental resources
Target 7.b: reduce biodiversity loss, achieving, by 2010, a significant reduction in the rate of loss
Target 7.c: halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water
and basic sanitation
Target 7.d: by 2020, to have achieved a significant improvement by 2020 in the lives of at least 100
million slum dwellers
Goal 8: develop a global partnership for development
Target 8.a: develop further an open, rule-based, predictable, non-discriminatory trading and financial
system
Target 8.b: address the special needs of the least developed countries
Target 8.c: address the special needs of landlocked countries and small island developing states
Target 8.d: deal comprehensively with the debt problems of developing countries
Target 8.e: in cooperation with developing countries, develop and implement strategies for decent and
productive work for youth
Target 8.f: in cooperation with pharmaceutical companies, provide access to affordable essential drugs in
developing countries
Target 8.g: in cooperation with the private sector, make available the benefits of new technologies,
especially information and communication
Source: United Nations Development Programme 2000; Millennium Development Goals <www.un.org/milleniumgoals/goals> Accessed
6 October 2011

73
1 Humara CCB Shen Tangai Khushab Karezat
2 Pakistan CCB Pishin City 1 Pishin
3 United CCB Khanozail Khanozai Karezat
4 New Karaz CCB Khanozai Khanozai Karezat
5 Manzaki Bostan CCB Pishin Bostan Karezat
6 Progressive CCB Machan city 2 Pishin City 2 Pishin
7 Surkhan CCB new surkhan pishin Bazar Kona Pishin
8 District youth CCB Pishin City 1 Pishin
9 Huaasn CCB killi abdulah jan Yaro Karezat
10 Youth CCB Nignda Pishin Khanozai Karezat
11 Balochistan CCB Pishin City 1 Pishin
12 Ithad naujawana CCB 2erbela Pishin Kerbala Pishin
13 Engjini CCB Barshore Engjini Barshore
14 Mahangai CCB Barshore Barshore Barshore
15 CCB Walang haqdad Walma Barshore
16 CCB Sugi thangai Khanozai Karezat
17 Al Khidmat CCB Pishin City 1 Pishin
18 Zawar Karaz CCB Khnozai Khanozai Karazat
19 CCB Pot Zakeryazai Barshore Pishin
20 CCB Chachobi Barshore Ibrahim Khan Barshore
21 CCB Sara Khawa Barshore Kaza Wala Barshore
22 CCB Ghariragi Barshore Ibrahim Khan Barshore
23 CCB Walang Masazai Khanozai Karezat
24 CCB Killi Syed Abdad Pishin City 2 Pishin
25 CCB Killi Syed Kalan City 1 Pishin
26 CCB Khudai Dost City 1 Pishin
27 CCB Malk Sultan Pishin
28 CCB Young Walfare Society Pishin City 1 Pishin
29 CCB H Abdul Rahim Khan Mulhala Pishin City 2 Pishin
30 Alkhidmat CCB Hyramzai Hajan Shakarzai Pishin
31 Milli CCB Khanozai Karazat
32 Walma CCB Barshore Walma Barshore
33 Walgi CCB Walma Barshore
34 Killi Murgha Zakaryazai CCB Karezat
35 Killi Malizai CCB Malizai Pishin
36 Khidmat-a-Khalq CCB Malizai Pishin
37 Killi Manzaki CCB Manzaki Pishin
38 Karazat CCB Khanozai Karezat
39 Killi babibzai CCB Pishin
40 Killi Karbala CCB Karbala Pishin
41 Bund Khushdil Khan CCB Pishin
42 Anjuman Killi Tarata CCB Bazar-e-Kona Pishin
43 United Yaro CCB Yaro Karezat
44 Itihad CCB Killi Lamaran Karezat
45 Killi Waryashin Rod Malazai Khanozai Karezat
46 Baila Tehsil Barshore CCB Barshore
47 Killi Balla Barshore CCB Barshore
48 Killi Malik Yar CCB Malikyar Pishin
49 Sahara CCB Ziarat Toba Kakari Toba Kakari Barshore
50 Insaaf Mandowaila Killi Malik Alam Barshore
Sr. No. Name of CCB Union Council Tehsil
Annex III: Citizens Community Boards in Pishin

51 Murgha CCB Walama Barshore
52 Mirzai CCB Killi hajyan Balozai Karezat
53 Alfalah CCB Pishin Pishin Pishin
54 Chand CCB Manzari Pishin
55 CCB Kamaizai Malikyar Pishin
56 Bala CCB Barshore Barshore
57 Al Fahah CCB Killa Marsina Zairat Karezat
58 Peoples CCB Yaru Karezat
59 Al-Khidmat CCB Killi Baidana Barshore Barshore
60 CCB Mohala Allah Abad Karabala Pishin
61 CCB Killi Katabahg Shadazai Pishin
62 CCB Killi Ajram Ajram Pishin
63 Star CCB Killi Mohammad Din Coloney Pishin Pishin
64 Bostan CCB Bostan Karezat
65 Sabhoon CCB Tobsnas Bataiza Pishin
66 Khushai CCB Manzari Pishin
67 Dukhtaran Millat CCB Bazare-e-Kona Pishin
68 Zarghoona CCB City 2 Pishin
69 Chiristan CCB Pishin Pishin
70 Daryan CCB Killi Dislora Karezat
71 Khidmat CCB Manzari Pishin
72 CCB Killi Issakhai Bostan Karezat
73 CCB Killi Jan Mohammad Issa Khail Bostan Karezat
74 CCB U/C Zairat Zairat Karezat
75 Spinzar Masan CCB Niganda Pishin
76 Dawain CCB Malizai Pishin
77 Shaista CCB Malikyar Pishin
78 Hackal CCB Saranan Pishin
79 CCB U/C Ghaiz Ghaiz Barshore
80 CCB Killi Dag Kazawailah Barshore
81 Shekhaizai CCB Malikyar Pishin
82 Chand CCB Ghaiz Barshore
83 Hamdrad CCB Bazare-e-Kona Pishin
84 The Khuda-u-Tobra CCB City 2 Pishin
85 Hillal CCB Kut Kut Barshore
86 Khilji CCB Kut Barshore
87 Samzai CCB Hajan Shakarzai Pishin
88 Azizabad CCB City 2 Pishin
89 New Shamaya CCB City 1 Pishin
90 Arman CCB City 1 Pishin
91 Youth CCB IDSF City 2 Pishin
92 Young Bataza CCB Bataiza Pishin
93 Alazai CCB Aliazai Pishin
94 Faraj CCB Huramzai Pishin
95 Haiwad CCB Killi Shinghari Ghangalzai Pishin
96 Hope CCB Killi Samzai Hajan Shakarazai Pishin
97 Iqra CCB Killi Tora Shan Bataiza Pishin
98 Adil CCB Killi Huramzai Huramzai Pishin
99 CCB Killi Janobi Hajizai Ganzalzai Pishin
100 Abbaseen CCB City 2 Pishin
101 All-Fallah Muchan City 2 Pishin
102 Al-Khidmat CCB Machan City 2 Pishin
103 Ghrshinan CCB Rod Malazai Karezat
74

75
104 Gehoun sonza CCB Mughtain Karezat
105 CCB Talari Shabunzai Mundozai Barshore
106 CCB Gulshun Aaza Mundozai Barshore
107 CCB Poti Mongalzai Kazawailah Barshore
108 CCB U/C Bagh Barshore Bagh Barshore
109 Al-Shakar CCB Killi Shakarzai Hajan Shakarzai Pishin
110 Jajizai CCB Saranan Pishin
111 Aman CCB Killi Ajram Ajram Pishin
112 Khushal CCB Malikyar Pishin
113 Zarghoon Khutok Bagh Pishin
114 Aman Cristian CCB City 1 Pishin
115 Hawad CCB Saranan Pishin
116 Young CCB Killit Gul Mohammad Kazawailah Barshore
117 Shahi CCB Killi Khudaidadzai Saranan Pishin
118 Nasrut CCB Alizai Pishin
119 Gulzar CCB Mundozai Barshore
120 Astonish CCB City 2 Pishin
121 Youth Welfare Society CCB Barshore Barshore
122 Yasir CCB Saranan Pishin
123 Noh Bahar CCB Balozai Karezat
124 Global CCB Mughtain Karezat
125 Shaheen CCB Killi Sharan Dislora Karezat
126 Sharafat CCB Ghaiz Barshore
127 CCM Moaz Tangi Bagh Barshore
128 Malalai CCB Yaru Karezat
129 Humdard CCB Bala Niganda Balozai Karezat
130 Shaheen CCB Faizabad Karezat
131 Akhunzada CCB Malikyar Pishin
132 Shaheen Ragha CCB Bagh Barshore
133 Al-Hikmat CCB Mughtain Ka
134 Chaman CCB Malikyar Pishin
135 Youth CCB Killi Qasimzai Barshore Barshore
136 Awaz CCB Hajian Shakarzai Pishin
137 Ali CCB Killi Alizai Alzai Pishin
138 Poiner CCB City 1 Pishin
139 CCB Killi Khan Mohammad Hajan Shakarzai Pishin
140 CCB Killi Chukai Bostan Karezat
141 Valentry CCB Killi Yaru Yaro Karezat
142 Paghman CCB Surkhab Bazara Kohan Pishin
143 Cityzin CCB Killi Road Malazai Road Malazai Karezat
144 Hamdard CCB Killi Gagalzai Ganzalzai Pishin
145 Qase CCB Killi Chur Badizai Huramzai Pishin
146 Pak CCB Bazara Kohan Pishin
147 Adal CCB Toba Injinai Barshore
148 Alfajar CCB Killi Shadizai Shadizai Pishin
149 Pak CCB Killi Tor Tangai Barshore Barshore
150 Educational Development CCB Balozai Karezat
151 Inbbisina CCB City 1 Pishin
152 Zarkhalan CCB Huramzai Pishin
153 Alfala CCB Tokhi weria Kach Hasenzai Barshore
154 Ethiad CCB Faizabad Karezat
155 Zareef Abad CCB Batazai Pishin

76
Annex IV: Data Tables
Population:
SOURCE: District Census Report Pishin, 1998; National Institute of Population Studies, 2010
Year Population
1998 367,183
2001 397,000
2004 425,000
2011 496,000
2021 600,000
Table-1. Population of Pishin district (1998 and projected
till 2021)
SOURCE: District Census Report Pishin, 1998
Table-2. Salient features of the population in Pishin district
ADMN-UNIT
AREA(km2) 7,819 - - -
BOTH SEXES 367,183 95,132 75,416 196,635
MALE 196,330
50,954 40,110 105,266
-53.47%
FEMALE 170,853
44,178 35,306 91,369
-46.53%
SEX RATIO 114.9 115.3 113.6 115.2
POPULATION
DENSIT/km2
47 - - -
URBAN
PROPORTION
6.3 - - 11.7
AVERAGE
HOUSEHOLD SIZE
6.8 8 6.7 6.3
POPULATION 1981 202,256 43,182 35,795 123,279
1981-98 AVERAGE
ANNUAL GROWTH 3.57 4.75 4.48 2.78
RATE (%AGE)
PISHIN
DISTRICT
BARSHORE
SUB-DIVISION
KAREZAT
SUB-DIVISION
PISHIN
SUB-DIVISION
including
Hurramzai Tehsil
POPULATION-
1998

77
Table-3. Union council-wise population in Pishin district
Pishin Karezat Barshore Hurramzai
Union Population Union Population Union Population Union Population
Council Council Council Council
Tehsil/
S. No.
1
Pishin
Bazar (I)
22,955 Barshore 8,851 Yaru 12,031 Alizai 5,880
2 Muchan 10,275
Kazha
10,092 Bostan 10,583 Gangalzai 12,858
Viala
3
Bazaar Hajiyan
Kona
15,013 Kut 10,461 Khanozai 4,227
Shakerzai
9,680
4 Batezai 16,836 Bagh 9,215
Rod
10,877 Manzari 15452
Mulazai
5
Dad
Khanzai
10,663 Mandozai 7,174 Dilsora 11,893 Hurramzai 14,710
6 Malizai 11,238 Ziarat 5,270 Faiz Abad 11,183
7 Karbala 14,017
Behram
7,641 Mughtian 10,994
Khan
8 Saranan 10,151 Bela 7,213 Balozai 8,064
9 Ajram 95,45
Kach
9,667
Khushaab
5,909
Hassanzai Shadizai
10 Malikyar 13,543 Injinai 5,355
11 Manzaki 75,45 Ghezh 7,249
12 Shadizai 5,184 Walma 7,689
Total 146,965 95,877 85,761 58,580
Grand
Total 387,183
Rural Localities by
Both Sexes Male Female
Population Size
> 5,000 116,507 62,310 54,197
2,000-4,999 107,197 56,384 50,813
1,000-1,999 55,146 29,804 25,342
500-999 29,070 15,717 13,353
200-499 23,186 12,521 10,665
Less than 200 13,122 7,158 5,964
Table-4. Rural localities by population size and sex in 1998
Rural Localities Number of
by Population Size Rural Localities
5,000 AND ABOVE 15
2,000 - 4,999 36
1,000 - 1,999 41
500 - 999 43
200 - 499 67
Less than 200 135
Table-5. Number of rural localities in 1998

78
Housing and Settlement:
Material Consumed In Housing Units
RCC/RBC 868
Cement/Iron Sheets 2,172
Wood 48,673
Others 2,335
Table-6. Construction material consumed in roofs in
Pishin district (1998)
Material Housing Units
Baked Bricks/Blocks/Stones 3,258
Un baked Bricks / Earth Bound 46,042
Wood 3,381
Others 1,367
Table-7. Construction material consumed for outer
walls in Pishin district
Table-8. Housing units in Pishin district by tenure and material used in rural
and urban areas
2,850 214 194 3,258 6.03
43,049 527 2,466 46,042 85.19
3,053 61 267 3,381 6.26
1,215 27 125 1,367 2.53
50,167 829 3,052 54,048
748 63 57 868 1.61
1,838 146 188 2,172 4.02
45,492 571 2,610 48,673 90.06
2,089 49 197 2,335 4.32
50,167 829 3,052 54,048 100
92.82 1.53 5.65 100 -
Construction
Material Used
Housing Units
Construction Material Owned Rented Rent- Total Percent
Free
Outer
Walls
Roofs
Total
Baked Bricks / Blocks / Stones
Unbaked Bricks / Earth Bound
Wood
Others
RCC / RBC
Cement / Iron Sheets
Wood
Others
Total
Percent

79
Education:
Table-9. Education statistics of Pishin district√government educational
institutions (2008)
SOURCE: BEMIS, 2008
Boys Girls
Kachi 11,325 6,889
Pakki 7,175 4,282
2 5,794 3,541
3 4,561 2,764
4 3,790 2,135
5 2,895 1,608
6 2,234 859
7 1,663 647
8 1,324 484
9 923 356
10 896 319
Table-10. Trend of enrolment of boys and girls in 2008-09 (Pishin)
SOURCE: BEMIS, 2008-09
S. No. Category of Institution Number of Institutions Number of Teachers
Boys Girls Total Male Female
1 Virtual University - - 1
2 Government Degree College Pishin 2 - 2 72 -
3 Government Intermediate College 3 2 5 27 27
4 Elementary Colleges 1 1 2
5 Model High School 1 - 1
6 High Schools 27 5 32 569 154
7 Middle Schools 44 26 70 533 261
8 Primary Schools 578 147 725 880 454
Total 656 181 837
Enrolment 2002 2008 %age Change
Boys 36,422 43,508 19.46
Girls 17,074 24,409 42.96
Total 53,496 67,917 26.96
Table-11. Comparison√enrolment in Pishin district
SOURCE: BEMIS, 2008-09

80
Water
SOURCE: Clean Drinking Water for All Project, 2010
Table-14. Water filtration plants installed in Pishin in phase I and phase II
1. Barshore AT TMA Office Near Police 1 Near WWS, Christian 8 Near Source of
Station, Barshore City. Colony Tank WSS Khudaidad zai
2. Pishin At Children park near 2 Machan High School 9 Kata Bagh
graveyard and Service station T/W
By pass road Pishin.
3. Hurramzai At Water Supply Ph-2 Killi 3 Tartah 10 WSS Alizai tube well
Mullah Bismillah Sub Tehsil
Hurramzai
4. Karezat At Water supply scheme Yaro 4 Near source community 11 WW Gangalzai Near
Killi Torashah T/WT/W No. 1
5. Bostan WSS Bostan at Civil colony 5 Manzaki Bazar 12 Near Masjid
Purana Bazar
6. 6 WSS Karbala tube well 13 Near Manzari Adha
7. 7 Near manezai addah 14 WSS Chur Badezai
PHASE-I (2005-06) - Tehsil Level PHASE-II (2007-10) - Union Council in Pishin Tehsil
# Name Locations Sr. Locations Sr. Locations
of Tehsil No. No.
SOURCE: BHMIS, 2009
Health:
Diseases Under 1 yr 1-4 yr Over 5 yr
Diarrhoea 12,222 14,322 27,107
Dysentery 10,524 13,948 29,367
ARI 13,920 22,826 49,487
Fever 7,585 9,587 18,487
Cough 19 69 2,813
Dog Bite 0 20 54
Scabies 417 1,387 4,595
Table-12. Priority diseases in Pishin district (2009)
Table-13. Number of patients affected by priority and all other diseases in Pishin
district (2009)
Diseases Under 1 1 to 4 Cases 5 and Over Total
Priority Diseases 44,687 62,159 131,910 238,756
All Diseases 70,161 95,879 281,064 447,104

81
SOURCE: Balochistan Forest and Wildlife Department, 2010
Table-15. Designated forests and area in Pishin district (2010)
Forests
Forest Area (ha)
Maselakh 28230.87
Maselakh-S 18324.17
Targatu 13354.63
Takatu-N 4941.212
Surghund 3439.828
Surkhab 1424.898
Gwal 1165.495
Mari Chak 740.5747
Umai 647.497
Popal zai 613.5034
Band K.K 475.1009
Sarawat 416.8262
# Forest Legal Status Area Rights Remarks
Table-16. Designated forests in Pishin district
1.
2.
3.
Umai SF
Sarawat SF
Northern
Takatu SF
State Forest/ No.
13/44/F.C/75/F. dated the
8th January 1946
State Forest/ No.
13/44/F.C/75/F. dated the
8th January 1946
State Forest/
No. 13/44/F.C/75/F. dated
the 8th January 1946
1,600
acres or
2.5
square
miles.
1,030
acres or
1.6 sq.
miles
12,210
acres or
19
square
miles
The Panezais residing in the
surrounding hamlets of Umai,
Zawar Kach, Galat and Khanai
will be permitted by the Forest
Department to graze their own
domestic cattle in case of
declared fodder famine
The Panezais people residing
in the surroundings hamlets of
Jashai, Shinglun, Sarwat,
Zawar Kanrai, Zawar Kach And
Galat will be permitted by the
Forest Department to graze
their own domestic cattle in
case of declared fodder
famine, and to remove dead
wood for domestic use only.
Camels will not be permitted
to graze. Forest Guard for
protection and labour for
works will be recruited from
local Panezais.
The Panezais of neighbouring
village and hamlets will be
permitted by the Forest
Department to graze their own
domestic cattle in case of
declared fodder famine and to
remove dead wood for
domestic use only. Camels will
not be permitted to graze.
Forest Guard for protection
and labour for works will be
recruited from local Panezais.

# Forest Legal Status Area Rights Remarks
82
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Band
Khushdil
Khan SF
.
Maselakh SF
Southern
Maselakh SF
Surghund SF
Gawal SF
Surkhab SF
Popal zai SF
Targatu SF
Mari Chak
S.F.
Total
State Forest/
No. XXVI-a-F./3 (40)-
9300-Rev
the 23rd Sept.1940
effective from 1st
October 1940
State Forest/ No.
2586/9/51FC. dated
the 23rd July 1951
State Forest/ No.
2586/9/51-FC. dated
the 25th Sept.1951
No. 7860 of 12th Dec.
1894
State Forest/ No. 5786
dated the 22nd Oct.
1890.
State Forest/ No. 72-
Dev/II/53.
the 15th Dec. 1953.
State Forest/No. 3502
dated 6th July 1893
Area in Ha
1,174
acres
69,760
acres
or 109
square
miles
70.75
sq.
miles
8,500
acres
2,880
acres
3,521
acres
1,516
acres
33,000
acres
1,830
acres
73775
1. Removal of dead fallen
wood for bona fide domestic
use.
2. First choice of labour and
contractors within this area to
the tribes concerned
proportionately.
3. New karezes and
chashmas(springs) will be the
property of right holders.
• Removal of dead and felled
wood for bona fide domestic
use.
• First choice of labour and
contractors within this area to
the tribes concerned
proportionately.
Gawal villagers have the right
to pasture their livestock in
the open portion of the forest
and to gather Khinjak (wild
pistachio) fruit. No camel
grazing. No rights in the
closed area.
Total area of
Surghund
SF is 16,000
acres (
8,500 acres
in Pishin
District &
7,500 acres
in Ziarat/
Loralai Dist)
The Kach
Pishin road
runs through
the centre of
the forest.
SOURCE: Balochistan Forest and Wildlife Department.

83
1. Acantholimon longiflorum Boiss.
2. Acantholimon polystachyum Boiss.
3. Acanthophyllum squarrosum var stocksianum Boiss.
4. Alhagi maurontm Medic
5. Alyssum desertorum Stapf.
6. Anthemis gayana Boiss.
7. Arenaria serpyllifolia Stocks.
8. Amebia decumbens (Vent) Coss and Krai.
9. Amebia sp.
10. Artemisia herba-alba Asso.
11. Artemisia scoparia Waldst & Kit.
12. Astragalus sp.
13. Astragalus sericostachys Stocks.
14. Atriplex. canescens James.
15. Boissiera squarrosa (Soland)Nevski.
16. Bromus danthoniae Trin.
17. Bromus tectorum L.
18. Centaurea bruguieriana (D.C) Hand Mazz
19. Ceratocarpus arenarius L.
20. Ceratocephalus falcatus (L) Pers.
21. Chrysopogon aucheri(Boiss) Stapf.
22. Convolvulus spinosus Burmn.
23. Cotula aurea Loeffi.
24. Cousmia alepidia Boiss.
25. Cousinia bipinnata Boiss.
26. Crepis sp.
27. Cymbopogon olivieri (Boiss) Bor.
28. Cyperus rotundus L.
29. Delphinium centeteroides (Bruhl) Munz.
30. Descurainia sophia (L) Webb ex Prantl,
31. Diarthron vesiculosum (Fish & Mey) C.A.Mey
32. Draba hystrix H.&T.
33. Ducrosia anethifolia (D.C) Boiss.
34. Ebenus stellata Boiss.
35. Echinops griffithianus Boiss.
36. Ephedra ciliata Fish & Mey.
37. Ephedra intermedia schrenk and Mey.
38. Eremopyrum bonaepartis (Spreng) nevski.
39. Erodium bryoniafolium boiss.
40. Eryngium carlinoides boiss.
41. Euphorbia osyridea boiss.
42. Ferula baluchistanica
43. Gagea persica boiss.
Table-17. Plants in Maslakh in Quetta union councils in District Pishin

84
SOURCE: Vegetation Studies in Masalakh Range, Pishin district, 1989
44. Gentiana olivieri Griseb.
45. Garhadiolus papposus Boiss.
46. Haloxylon griffithii (Moq) Bunge.ex Boiss.
47. Haplophyllum tuberculatum (Forsk).A. Juss.
48. Holosteum umbellatum L.
49. Hordeum murinum L.
50. Koeplinia linearis Pallas.
51. Lactuca viminia (L) F.W. Schmidth.
52. Limonium griffithii (Aitch. & Hemsl.)O.Kitze
53. Mathiola flavida Boiss.
54. Nonnea pulla (L.) D.C.
55. Onobrychis tavemiefolia Stocks.ex Boiss.
56. Papaver comigerum Stocks.
57. Peganum harmala L.
58. Pistatia khinjuk Stocks.(Seedling).
59. Poa sinaica Steud.
60. Poa bulbosa var vivipara Koel.
61. Poa sp.
62. Polygonum afghanicum Meissn.
63. Psammogeton biternatum Edgew.
64. Pteropyrum olivieri J&S,
65. Pulicaria angustifolia Stocks.ex Boiss,
66. Salvia santolinaefolia Boiss.
67. Scabiosa olivieri Coult.
68. Senecio desfontanei Druce.
69. Silene viscosa Forssk.
70. Sophora mollis(RoyQ) Baker,
71. Stocksia brahuica Bth
72. Suaeda fmticosa(L^ Forssk.
73. Taeniatherum crinitum (Schred) Nevski,
74. Taverniera cuneifolia Stocks.
75. Torularia torulosa(Des£) O.E.S.
76. Tulipa lehmanniana Merchl.
77. Trigonella incisa Bth.
78. Trigonella monantha C. A. Mey.
79. Valeriana jatamansi Jones.
80. Valerianella dufresnia Bunge.ex Boiss.
81. Veronica hiloba L.
82. Ziziphora tenuior L. Zoegia
83. purpurea Freson.

85
SOURCE: Bureau of Water Resources, 2008-09; Water Requirements of Major Crops for Different Agro-Climatic Zones of Balochistan,
2006
Table-18. Month wise average rainfall in Quetta district for 2008 and 1961-2004
Climatic Conditions in Pishin:
Months Mean Max (1961-04) Mean Max (2008) Mean Min (1961-04) Mean Min (2008)
Jan 11.3 7 -2.3 -2.7
Feb 13.6 13.1 -0.6 -3.4
Mar 18.8 24.2 3.9 4.3
Apr 25.4 26.5 11.2 8.3
May 30.9 33.3 12.3 12.5
Jun 35.4 37.6 17 20.6
Jul 36.2 37.2 20.4 22
Aug 35.3 34.8 18.6 16.8
Sep 31.7 32.1 14.6 12.4
Oct 25.7 28.4 5 6.1
Nov 19.7 20.3 0.4 -0.3
Dec 14.3 16.5 -2 -1
Avg. 24.9 25.9 8.2 7.9
SOURCE: Pakistan Meteorological Department
Months Avg. (1961-2004) Avg. 2007
Jan 52 12
Feb 44 77
Mar 48 19
Apr 25 6
May 7 0.3
Jun 1 74.6
Jul 15 20
Aug 8 0
Sep 3 0
Oct 5 0
Nov 5 4
Dec 34 15
Table-19. Comparison of monthly mean rainfall of Quetta station in 2007 and
monthly average rainfall 1961√2004

86
SOURCE: Water Requirements of Major Crops for Different Agro-climatic Zones of Balochistan, 2006
Month Relative Humidity (%) Daily Sunshine (hrs) ETo (mm/d)
Jan 58 6.3 2.39
Feb 55 7.3 3.23
Mar 51 7.6 4.77
Apr 43 8.4 7.04
May 33 10.7 9.79
Jun 28 9.9 10.82
Jul 34 9.5 10.46
Aug 35 9.4 9.19
Sep 32 9.5 8.14
Oct 32 9.7 6.11
Nov 41 7.6 4.11
Dec 50 7.5 2.74
Table-20. Relative humidity, daily sunshine and ETo (Evapo-traspiration coefficient)
for the period 1961-2004
SOURCE: Water Requirements of Major Crops for Different Agro-climatic Zones of Balochistan, 2006
Crops ETO (mm) CWR (mm)
Wheat 431 314
Potato 1,082-1270 686-825
Onion 1,059-1227 603-698
Sunflower 909-964 784-842
Grapes 2,026 928
Apple/Cherry 2,125 1,393
Apricot/Almonds 2,126 1,393
Pomegranate 2,126 1,393
Alfalfa 1,049 833
Table-21. Crop and water requirement in zone V (includes Pishin)
Agriculture

87
SOURCE: Executive Engineer Irrigation Department, Pishin, 2009
Type of Irrigation Area (ha)
Area under flood irrigation 607
Area under perennial excluding tube-wells and karezes 2,225
Area under tube-well irrigation 2,832
Area under karez 6,475
Table-22. Sources of irrigation in Pishin district
Area (ha)
Karezes, Springs & Others 667
Tube wells 25346
Wells 465
Table-23. Sources of irrigation and area (hectare) irrigated in
Pishin district
Area (ha) Prod (tonnes)
Rabi Crops (2007-08) 6,538 13,426
Rabi Crops (2008-09) 10,799 20,067
Kharif Crops (2007-08) 21,864 177,873
Kharif Crops (2008-09) 21,368 177,378
Total (07-08) 28,402 191,299
Total (08-09) 32,167 197,445
Table-24. Comparison of crops for the years 2007-08 and 2008-09

88
Fruit Area (ha) Prod (tonnes) Yield (kg/ha)
Grapes 8,305 49,786 7,714
Apple 6,133 43,611 10,629
Pomegranate 423 6,376 16,060
Apricot 977 4,663 6,318
Peach 284 3,626 13,893
Plum 473 3,011 7,186
Pistachio 50 696 13,920
Almond 303 619 2,180
Others 14 68 4,857
Cherry 13 18 2,571
Table-25. Area and production of fruit in Pishin district (2008-09)
Crops Area (ha) Prod (tonnes) Avg. Yield (kg/ha)
Grapes 8,305 49,786 7,714
Apple 6,133 43,611 10,629
Pomegranate 423 6,376 16,060
Apricot 977 4,663 6,318
Peach 284 3,626 13,893
Plum 473 3,011 7,186
Pistachio 50 696 13,920
Almond 303 619 2,180
Others 14 68 4,857
Cherry 13 18 2,571
Table-26. Area, production and average yield of rabi crops in Pishin district
Govt. Private Total
T. Wells (Electric) 174 3,169 3,343
T. Wells (Diesel) 14 1,009 1,023
Tractors 10 1,038 1,048
Threshers 4 158 162
Bulldozers 12 9 21
Table-27. Agricultural machinery in Pishin district (2008-09)

89
SOURCE: Agricultural Statistics of Balochistan, 2007-08 and 2008-09
Area (ha) Prod (tones) Avg. Yield (kg/ha)
Fruits (07-08) 16,804 111,613 6,642
Fruits (08-09) 16,978 112,483 6,625
Onion (07-08) 196 1,019 5,199
Onion (08-09) 175 3,184 18,194
Potato (07-08) 791 11,775 14,886
Potato (08-09) 317 6,050 19,085
Vegetables (07-08) 1,380 9,056 6,562
Vegetables (08-09) 1,315 10,273 7,812
Melons (07-08) 868 6,124 7,055
Melons (08-09) 807 7,931 9,828
Chillies (07-08) 60 95 1,583
Chillies (08-09) 58 92 1,586
Fodder (07-08) 1,091 37,280 34,170
Fodder (08-09) 1,055 36,470 34,536
Tobacco (07-08) 674 911 1,352
Tobacco (08-09) 662 895 1,352
Table-28. Area, production and average yield of all kharif crops in Pishin
district (2007-08 and 2008-09)
No.
Sheep 837,233
Goats 504,510
Cattle 91,433
Asses 21,220
Horse 3,343
Buffalo 994
Camel 745
Mule 467
Poultry 531,751
Table-29. Livestock population in Pishin district (2006)
Livestock:

90
Breed Male Female Total
Sahiwal 2,116 2,255 718
Red Sindhi 1,097 1,464 402
Bhag Nari 271 932 137
Gabrali 298 547 4
Achai 42 710 14
Lohani 446 102 7
Kankraj 161 386 6
Thari 153 334 27
Rojhan 193 196 9
Dhanni 115 8 30
Table-30. Cattle breeds and numbers in Pishin district (2006)
Breed Male Female Total
Others 20 283 303
Kundhi 54 34 88
Nili/Ravi 3 47 50
Azakhale 0 15 15
Table-31. Breeds of buffaloes in Pishin district (2006)
Breed Male Female Young < 1 yr Total
Harnai 9,724 35.763 49,593 131,883
Balochi 6,850 10,785 5,780 23,415
Damani 1,984 5,724 3,102 10,810
Kaghani 754 3,872 3,655 8,281
Lohi 508 1,366 838 2,712
Bibrik 837 806 676 2,319
Rakhshani 895 629 546 2,070
Kachhi 266 167 314 747
Balkhi 264 180 170 614
Bekaneere 7 163 293 463
Other 428 364 330 1,122
Table-32. Sheep breeds and numbers in Pishin district (2006)

91
SOURCE: Balochistan Livestock Census, 2006 - Pishin IDDV
Size Sheep Goats
1-5 12,965 12,421
6-15 90,329 77,021
16-30 117,259 179,060
31-50 89,565 116,268
51-75 51,530 46,275
76-100 29,710 14,481
101-150 15,775 28,945
151-200 759 9,727
201-350 6,622 20,312
> 351 422,720 0
Table-34. Goat and sheep numbers regarding size of herd in Pishin district (2006)
Breed Male Female Young Stock Total
Barbery 7,267 40,309 36,912 84,487
Jatan 3,609 15,633 11,425 30,667
Kamori 596 4,965 3,818 9,378
Damani 3,246 4,420 589 8,255
Teddy 327 3,367 4,079 7,773
Pateri 128 84 872 1,084
Daira Din Panah 52 356 83 491
Kaghani 38 56 321 414
Nachi 152 189 47 388
Beetal 47 113 132 292
Chappar 2 2 46 50
Table-33. Goat Breeds and Numbers in Pishin district (2006)

92
Size Total > 3 yr Total < 3 yr
01-02 11,608 7,785
03-04 15,216 9,393
05-06 10,129 6,044
07-10 8,865 4,633
11-15 2,274 1,435
16-20 1,037 377
21-30 881 364
31-50 685 321
> 51 10,388 412
Table-36. Number of cattle by age and size of herd in Pishin district (2006)
Size Milk Cows/Buffaloes
01-02 24,094
03-04 11,662
05-06 3,262
07-10 1,508
11-15 489
16-20 687
21-30 590
31-50 391
> 50 8,882
Table-37. Total number of milkcows/buffaloes by size of
herd in Pishin district (2006)
Size Total > 3 yr Total < 3 yr
01-02 507 199
03-04 127 19
05-06 112 17
07-10 41 12
11-15 0 0
16-20 0 0
21-30 0 0
31-50 152 140
> 51 52 40
Table-35. Number of buffaloes by age and size of herd in Pishin district (2006)

93
Breed Male Female Young < 1 yr Total
Harnai 9,724 35,763 31,259 76,746
Balochi 6,850 10,785 5,780 23,415
Damani 1,984 5,724 3,102 10,810
Kaghani 754 3,872 3,655 8,281
Lohi 508 1,366 838 2,712
Bibrik 837 806 676 2,319
Rakhshani 895 629 546 2,070
Kacchi 266 167 314 747
Balkhi 264 180 170 614
Bekaneere 7 163 293 463
Other 428 364 330 1,122
Table-38. Number of sheep by breed in Pishin district (2006)
Breed Male Female Young Stock Total
Barbery 7,267 40,309 36,912 84,487
Jatan 3,609 15,633 11,425 30,667
Kamori 596 4,965 3,818 9,378
Damani 3,246 4,420 589 8,255
Teddy 327 3,367 4,079 7,773
Lehri 254 659 470 1,383
Pateri 128 84 872 1,084
Daira Din Panah 52 356 83 491
Kaghani 38 56 321 414
Nachi 152 189 47 388
Beetal 47 113 132 292
Chappar 2 2 46 50
Table-39. Goat improved breeds and their numbers in Pishin district (2006)

94
Veterinary Coverage Sheep Goats
Vaccinated 138,238 197,337
Fallen Sick 33,864 55,392
Treated 33,035 52,217
Slaughtered On Eid-ul-Azha 5,380 7,691
Slaughtered On Eid-ul-Azha 4,231 5,839
Sold Out 9,931 16,315
Died 4,830 9,079
Purchased 5,604 10,601
Born 244,300 126,859
Table-40. Veterinary coverage and other factors regarding sheep and goats (2006)
Veterinary Bullocks Cows Male Female
Coverage Young Young
Vaccinated 940 23265 3920 2471
Fallen Sick 222 5145 240 307
Treated 178 4858 180 249
Other 428 364 330 1,122
Table-41. Veterinary coverage of cattle (2006)
Veterinary Sheep Sheep Goats Goats
Coverage Young Young
Vaccinated 19239 27699 234529 40501
Fallen Sick 41841 6497 48692 7276
Treated 36559 3470 41090 5200
Table-42. Veterinary coverage of sheep and goats in Pishin district (2006)
Table-43. Number of work animals in the district (2006)
Purpose Asses Horses Camels Mules Bullocks Cows
Ploughing 2,102 2 26 - 7 -
Other Agri. 4,316 1,002 16 1 42 75
Non-Agri. 9,323 1,317 44 466 - 3

95
Herd Size Cocks Hens Chicken Ducks, Drakes
and Ducklings
1-10 23,017 63,253 8,690 93
11-25 49,508 146,381 88,823 1,159
26-50 18,652 52,091 40,851 994
51-75 4,871 8,938 7,296 12
76-100 1,599 4,644 3,528
100-200 258 2,830 956
200-500 6 2,333 67
Table-44. Number of domestic poultry birds by size of flock in Pishin district
(2006)
Poultry:
S. No. Mineral Field/ Locality Quantity Add. Information/ Remarks
Table-45. Minerals in Pishin district
Mines and Minerals:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Marble
Chromite
Granite
Mica
Coal
Copper
ore
Iron ore
Limestone
Quartzite
Betonite
clay
Magnatite
(small %
of Nickel)
Gawal, Wuchkhula,
Spararagha
Khanozai, Rod
Mulazai, Dilsora,
Khushaab
Torakhula
Torakhula
Spararagha road,
Kuz kach
Khanozai, Dilsora,
Rod Mulazai
Khanozai
Gawal
Paran
Bostan
Khanozai
Unmeasured
9594 MT
Unmeasured
Unmeasured
Unmeasured
110 MT
Unmeasured
Unmeasured
Unmeasured
Unmeasured
Up-gradation required for value
addition and reducing
transportation costs
- Mechanisation in exploitation
- Technical assistance
Licence not granted

96
2008-09 2009-10 2010-11
Roads 244.165 228.746 374.147
Education 86.342 78.696 75
Irrigation 71.49 18.824 70.881
Health 12.712 24 93
Power 2.5 30 90
PHE 60
Social Welfare & WR 55
Agriculture 50
PP&H 7 18.149
Info. Tech 5 4.936
2008-09 2009-10 2010-11
Roads 244.165 228.746 374.147
Education 86.342 78.696 75
Irrigation 71.49 18.824 70.881
Health 12.712 24 93
Power 2.5 30 90
PHE 60
Agriculture 50
PP&H 7 18.149
Info. Tech 5 4.936
SOURCE: Balochistan PSDP, 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010-11
Table-47. Actual PSDP allocation (original) for 2008-09, 2009-10 and
2010 - 11 (Rs. in million)
Provincial Finances:
Table-46. Mineral wise number of concessions granted and area as of 30th
June, 2006
PROSPECTING MINING LEASES TOTAL
S.# Minerals LICENCES
NUMBER ACREAGE NUMBER ACREAGE NUMBER ACREAGE
Total 20 13,823.07 6 5,719.92 26 19,002.99
1. Marble 4 2,326.34 0 0 4 2,326.34
2. Chromite 8 3,679.40 5 4,988.94 13 8,668.34
3. Granite 1 408.94 0 0 1 408.94
4. Mica 1 30.59 0 0 1 30.59
5. Coal 2 2,934.40 0 0 2 2,934.40
6. Copper 2 2,872.47 0 0 2 2,872.47
7. Iron Ore 0 0 1 190.98 1 190.98
8. Limestone 1 496.55 0 0 1 496.55
9. Quartzite 1 1,074.38 0 0 1 1,074.38

97
SOURCE: Balochistan PSDP, 2010-11
2010-11
Roads 374.147
Health 93
Power 90
Education 75
Irrigation 70.881
Agriculture 50
PP&H 18.149
Table-48. Actual PSDP Allocation (Original) for Pishin district
(2010-11) (Rs. in million)
SOURCE: PSDP, 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010-11
Rs. (Million)
Roads 847.058
Education 240.038
Irrigation 161.195
Health 129.712
Power 122.5
PHE 60
Agriculture 50
PP&H 25.149
Info. Tech. 9.936
Table-49. Actual Sectors PSDP Allocations (Original)
Combined for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010-11
(Rs. in million)

98
Sectors 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11
Roads 2,656.19 3,887 2150
Education 1,840.191 1,313.759 1,036.151
Fisheries 0 41 1,058
Social Welfare & Women Dev. 37.208 270 618.5
Health 272.142 183.575 175.38
Agriculture 90.602 170.461 193.834
PHE 91.381 138.634 140.339
Environment 51.482 164.227 30.1
Local Govt. 114.265 25.265 9.036
Power 20 115
PP&H 98.394 7 22.922
Mining 0 21 71.1
Livestock 17.422 20.284 5
Forestry 10 8 5
Irrigation 12.279 10 0
Labour & Manpower 8.194 10 0
Sports 15
Information Tech. 8.266 5
Table-50. Sectoral PSDP allocation (2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010-11) for Balochistan
(Rs. in million)
SOURCE: PSDP, 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010-11

99
1. Asian Development Bank and World Bank (2008). Balochistan Economic
Report Islamabad Pakistan: Government of Balochistan.
2. Balochistan Disaster Risk Management Plan, (2006).
<http://unportal.un.org.pk/sites/UNPakistan/OneUN/DRM%20Documents/Bal
ochistan%20Draft%20PDRM%20Plan.pdf> [website]. Accessed 9 October
2011.
3. Directorate of Health (2008-09). Balochistan Health Management Information
System (2008-09) (no further information).
4. Directorate of Education (2008-09). Balochistan Educational Management
Information System (2008-09), [website].<http://www.bemis.edu.pk>.
Accessed 3 January 2012.
5. Ghaus, A.F. Aisha, Pasha, Hafiz A, Ghaus, Rafia [1996]. «Social Development
Ranking of Districts of Pakistan». The Pakistan Development Review, 35:4 pp
593-614, [online journal].
<http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1996/Volume4/593-614.pdf> Accessed 9
October 2011.
6. Government of Balochistan (2002). Balochistan Local Government Ordinance
2001. Quetta, Pakistan: Government of Balochistan.
7. Government of Balochistan (2010). Balochistan Forest and Wildlife
Department [website].
<http://www.balochistan.gov.pk/index.php?option=com_content&task=categ
ory&sectionid=4&id=16&Itemid=86. Accessed 4th January 2012.
8. Government of Balochistan (2004). Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2004
[website]. <http://balochistan.gov.pk/departments/mics/MICS-4-Web/4-6-
Results-Child%20Protection.pdf>. Accessed 10 October 2011.
9. Government of Balochistan (2006 and 2008-09). Agricultural Statistics of
Balochistan 2006, 2008-2009. Quetta, Balochistan: Government of Balochistan.
10. Government of Balochistan (2006). Balochistan Disaster Risk Management
Plan, 2006 [website].
<http://unportal.un.org.pk/sites/UNPakistan/OneUN/DRM%20Documents/Bal
ochistan%20Draft%20PDRM%20Plan.pdf> . Accessed 9 October 2011.
11. Government of Balochistan (2006). Balochistan Livestock Census, 2006.
Quetta, Pakistan: Government of Balochistan.
12. Government of Balochistan (2006). Contingency Plan for Drought Affected
Districts of Balochistan 2006. Quetta, Pakistan: Government of Balochistan.
13. Government of Balochistan (2008, 2009, 2010, 2011). Public Sector
Development Program [website]. <http://www.balochistan.gov.pk/>.
Accessed 3 January 2012.
14. Government of Balochistan (no date specified). Balochistan Wildlife Act,
1974 [website]. <http://www.environment.gov.pk/eia_pdf/Legislation-
NEQS.pdf>. Accessed 9 October 2011.
15. Government of Balochistan & IUCN (2000). Balochistan Conservation
Strategy. Quetta, Pakistan: IUCN.
16. Government of Balochistan Planning and Development Department (2008).
Development Statistics of Balochistan 2008. Quetta, Pakistan: Bureau of
Statistics.
17. Government of Pakistan. [website]. <http://www.pakmet.com.pk>. Accessed
October 2011.
18. Government of Pakistan (1995). The National Mineral Policy 1995 [website].
<http://www.sindhmines.gov.pk/pdf/mineral_policy.pdf>. Accessed 6
October 2011.
References

100
19. Government of Pakistan (2001). National Forest Policy, 2001 [website].
<http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/apcity/unpan00469
0.pdf>. Accessed 21 October 2011.
20. Government of Pakistan (2005). National Environmental Policy [website].
<http://www.environment.gov.pk/nep/policy.pdf>. Accessed 6 October 2011
21. Government of Pakistan (no date specified). Employees Old-Age Benefit Act
1976 [website]. <http://www.ma-
law.org.pk/pdflaw/THE%20EMPLOYEES%20OLD%20BENEFIT%20ACT.pdf>.
Accessed 6 October 2011.
22. Government of Pakistan (no date specified). Pakistan Environmental
Protection Act, 1997. Islamabad, Pakistan: The Gazette of Pakistan.
23. Government of Pakistan. Employment of Children Act, 1991, [website].
<http://www.albarrtrust.com/Al%20Baar%20Web/SCAN%20RULES/Employ
ment%20of%20Children%20Act,%201991.pdf>. Accessed 6 October 2011
24. Government of Pakistan. The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of
Pakistan, [website]. <http://www.na.gov.pk/publications/constitution.pdf>.
Accessed 12 October 2011.
25. Government of Pakistan. The Minimum Wages Ordinance, 1962 [website].
<http://www.punjablaws.gov.pk/laws/246.html>. Accessed 6 October 2011.
26. IUCN (March 2009). Red List of Threatened Species [website].
<http://www.iucnredlist.org>. Accessed 3 January 2012.
27. IUCN (2000). Biodiversity Action Plan, 2000, [website].
<http://www.iucn.org/about/union/secretariat/offices/asia/asia_where_work/p
akistan/publications/pubs_2000/pubs_bap.cfm>. Accessed 21 October 2011.
28. IUCN (2006). Water Requirement of Major Crops for Different Agro Climatic
Zones of Balochistan: Balochistan Program. Quetta, Pakistan: IUCN.
29. Javaid, I. and Ahmad, Dr S. (2008). «Water for Balochistan Policy Briefings
4:6. Conjunctive Use & Management for Minor Perennial Irrigation Schemes
in Balochistan-Key Issues and Revised Strategy for Investment.» Quetta,
Pakistan: Supporting Implementation of IWRM Policy in Balochistan, a
project of Government of Balochistan, Asian Development Bank and the
Royal Government of Netherlands.
30. Marwat, Qutub-ud-din and Khan, Nasee Ahmed. (1989). Studies in Masalakh
Range Forest District Pishin, Balohistan. Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of
Agricultural Research 10:4.
31. MICS Balochistan (2004). Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2004. Quetta,
Pakistan: Government of Balochistan.
32. National Institute of Population Studies (no details provided)
33. Population Census Organisation (1998). District Census Report Pishin 1998.
Islamabad, Pakistan: Government of Pakistan.
34. World Bank (2007). Promoting Rural Growth and Poverty Reduction
[website].
<http://www.worldbank.org.pk/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/SOUTHASIA
EXT/PAKISTANEXTN/0,,contentMDK:21309038~pagePK:141137~piPK:141127
~theSitePK:293052,00.html>. Accessed 3 January 2012.
35. West Pakistan Gazette (Extraordinary) (1965). Employees Social Security
Ordinance 1965 [website]. <http://punjablaws.gov.pk/laws/187.html>.
Accessed 6 October 2011
36. World Health Organization (WHO); United Nations Children Fun (UNICEF).
Expanded Programme on Immunization [website].
<http://www.emro.who.int/publications/emhj/16_Supp/article4.htm>.
Accessed on 9 October 2011.

Pishin - Integrated Development Vision

More Related Content

What's hot (20)

Similar to Pishin - Integrated Development Vision (20)

More from zubeditufail (20)

Recently uploaded (20)

Pishin - Integrated Development Vision