Plant Science
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This document summarizes key aspects of plant science including: - Seedling types are either monocots or dicots, distinguished by leaf and root characteristics. - Legumes fix nitrogen from the air through root nodules while non-legumes do not fix nitrogen. - Plant life spans can be annual, biennial, or perennial. - Stems can be woody, herbaceous, stolons, rhizomes, tubers, bulbs, or corms. - Roots can be taproots or fibrous roots. - Leaves have either net or parallel veins and shapes that are simple or compound. - Flower parts include sepals, pet
Plant Science
- 1. PLANT SCIENCE BILL TAYLOR Extension Educator University of Wyoming
- 4. SEEDLING TYPE (cont.) MONOCOT High N use Narrow leaves Grass, grain, corn
- 6. SEEDLING TYPE (cont.) DICOT
- 8. SEEDLING TYPE (cont.) DICOT Broad leaves Beans, beets, squash, potatoes
- 10. NITROGEN FIXATION LEGUMES Bacteria nodules on roots Fix N from air Beans, Peas NON-LEGUMES No fixation
- 11. LIFE SPAN ANNUAL 1 year Regrows from seed each year Corn, beans Biennial 2 years Seed 2nd year Carrots Perennial 3 or more years Lawn grass, rhubarb, asparagus, Canada thistle
- 12. STEM TYPE WOODY Perennials Raspberry, Apple tree HERBACEOUS Soft All life spans Annuals:Bean, Squash, Corn Perennials: Lawn grass, Thistle
- 13. STEM TYPE (cont.) STOLON Horizontal, above ground Starts new plants Strawberry
- 15. STEM TYPE (cont.) RHIZOME Horizontal, below ground Starts new plants Iris, quackgrass
- 17. STEM TYPE (cont.) TUBER – potato Fleshy BULB – onion Many leaves CORM – gladiolus Solid
- 18. ROOT TYPE TAP ROOT Central main root Secondary branches Carrot, dandelion
- 20. ROOT TYPE (cont.) FIBROUS ROOTS Many, small, spreading Shallow, hair-like Grass, corn
- 22. LEAF VEINS NET Dicots Cottonwood, bean PARALLEL Monocots Corn, grass
- 24. LEAF SHAPE SIMPLE Single Cottonwood, squash
- 27. LEAF SHAPE (cont.) COMPOUND Several leaflets Rose, clover, carrot
- 31. FLOWER PARTS
- 32. FLOWER TYPE COMPLETE All parts present stamen, pistil, petals, sepals Tomato, peach INCOMPLETE 1 or more parts missing Corn, squash PERFECT Both male & female parts Tomato, rose
- 33. FLOWER (cont.) IMPERFECT Missing male or female part Corn, watermelon, cottonwood Monoecious Male & female flowers on same plant Corn, watermelon Dioecious Male & female flowers on different plants Cottonwood
- 36. PLANT NUTRIENTS 18 ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS 3 NUTRIENTS FROM AIR Carbon Oxygen Hydrogen
- 37. PRIMARY PLANT NUTRIENTS N - Nitrogen P - Phosphorus K - Potassium
- 38. NITROGEN FUNTION IN PLANTS Produces vegetative growth Gives dark green color Feeds soil micro-organisms during decomposition of organic matter Increases efficiency of moisture
- 39. NITROGEN (cont.) HUNGER SIGNS Light green color or vegetative growth Slow and dwarfed growth Poor root system SOIL MOVEMENT Nitrate form moves with water Ammonium form absorbed by clay and stable
- 40. PHOSPHORUS FUNCTION IN PLANTS Stimulates early root formation Gives rapid and vigorous start Hastens maturity Stimulates blooming Gives winter hardiness
- 41. PHOSPHORUS (cont.) HUNGER SIGNS Stunted growth Slow maturity Low yield of fruit and seed Purpling of leaves, stems, branches SOIL MOVEMENT Very little
- 42. POTASSIUM FUNCTION IN PLANTS Increased vigor & disease resistance Strong stalks Essential for formation & transfer of starches, sugars, oils Imparts winter hardiness
- 43. POTASSIUM (cont.) HUNGER SIGNS Burning of outer edges or tips of lower leaves Premature loss of leaves SOIL MOVEMENT Little movement in clay soils Movement in sandy soils
- 44. SECONDARY PLANT NUTRIENTS CALCIUM MAGNESIUM SULFUR
- 45. PLANT MICRONUTRIENTS ZINC IRON MANGANESE COPPER BORON MOLYBDENUM CHLORINE COBALT NICKLE
Editor's Notes
- #2: SOILS REVIEW QUESTIONS
- #3: Plant Types Seedling Monocot – single seed leaf
- #5: Grasses, small grains (corn, wheat, oats, barley, etc.)
- #7: Dicot – two seed leaves
- #10: Different requirements and care Monocots – high N use Dicots – lower N use Herbicides developed to affect one and not the other Spray grass out of garden Spray weeds out of lawn
- #12: Biennials Vegetative growth 1 st year, seed development 2 nd year Perennials May establish new plants from roots, stems, seeds, etc.
- #15: Stolon Adventitious roots
- #17: Rhizome Adventitious roots
- #18: Tuber Short, underground. Fleshy Bulb Short, flattened, many leaves. underground Corm Short, solid, vertical, enlarged, underground
- #19: Tap Growing mostly downward.
- #33: Stamen – male Pistil – female
- #40: Moves with water, excess watering washes out of root zone & contaminates water table.