Polio ppt

Editor's Notes

• #2: Pic of Polio in Newspapers
• #5: Symptons include: muslce pain, stiff neck and back, back ache, breathing difficulty, swallowing difficulty, moderate fevers
• #6: - “The first recorded case of polio is that of a five-year old Rumba, a Syrian boy whose history was carved in stone three thousand years ago… the stone tablet shows that as an adult, his right leg is shriveled and he walks with the aid of a crutch.” Since there was no cases noticed among the immigrants or no epidemics recorded in Italy, “ According to the New York Times , “there was a report… that the disease had been brought to America by Italian immigrants, though no cases had been noticed among immigrants… Quarantine had no record of epidemics in any of the towns in Italy.” -In preindustrial era, almost the entire community became infected with the polio virus in infancy…the virus was everywhere, but invisible. -As public health standards improved, there was increasing concern with personal hygiene and parents tried to keep their children away from dirt. - “What caused this shift from endemic to epidemic? Nothing more dramatic than a cleaner environment. For centuries, infants provided the poliovirus a steady supply of hosts, and open sewers delivers the disease to them. But as modern hygienic practices developed, increasing numbers of people escaped babyhood and even childhood without coming into contact with the virus.” “ The earliest medical approaches to the treatment of acute polio, spanning about a century between the 1780s to the early 1890s, was based primarily on brisk purges, cathartics, blisters and other counter-irritants, such as red-hot irons and hitting the spine with wet towels to promote blood flow. Warm baths and electrical treatments were also used to stimulate the muscles”
• #9: -FDR ’s”Birthday Balls” were an annual event to raise money for polio research. The National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis (NFIP) was established as an outcome of the Birthday Balls. - “The singer Eddie Cantor, suggested that stars take to the radio and ask people to send their dimes directly to the president at the White House. It was named the “March of the Dimes” and the White House mail room was swamped with letters and dimes came baked into cakes, jammed into cans, glued to pictures of the president, and jingling loose in envelopes. In all, 2,680,000 dimes came in for the first March of the Dimes.” the Foundation raised enough money to subsidize the hospital and rehabilitation costs of any polio patient, to train nurses and physical therapists in polio treatment and rehabilitation, and to sponsor scientific and medical research for preventative measures, including the work of Dr. Jonas Salk
• #10: -Local newspapers and radios pitched in with efforts to entertain children who were confined to their backyards. Radio stations scheduled special programs in its effort to keep children home during the epidemic the cities forbade children under fifteen in movie theaters, churches, Sunday schools, youth centers, and amusement parks. Schools around the nation closed due to the outbreak in communities ”
• #14: - “The OPV is also easily administered by giving children a sugar cube or sugar liquid containing the vaccine, neither of which requires extensive medical training to be administered” (Bradford). - “…indirectly protects other susceptible individuals by secondary vaccination, which means that vaccinated individuals may spread the vaccine virus in the community and thereby inhibit the spread of the wild type virus if it occurs in the population” (Bradford).
• #15: The first clue to understanding polio was uncovered at the end of the nineteenth century when a Russian scientist discovered viruses, or germs that were much smaller than bacteria.  The existence of viruses seemed to answer the question of why vaccinations only worked for certain diseases.  Scientists deduced that if the virus traveled through the bloodstream, then vaccinations could be effective.  When researchers began studying polio in the early twentieth century, they concluded that the polio virus was not carried through the blood.  Therefore, vaccination was not a viable option for the prevention of polio The polio vaccine signaled an end to the fear that had gripped two generations of Americans as the disease was banished to the recesses of American memory.  Scientists now understood that polio enters the body through the mouth and travels through the digestive tract where it multiplies and is absorbed into the blood stream--this is when the initial symptoms appear.  Paralysis then occurs when the virus enters the cells of the central nervous system.  The degree of paralysis is determined by the strain of polio that the victim contracts.  If antibodies are present in the blood before a person comes into contact with the virus, then they are immune.  A polio vaccine would ensure this protection
• #16: With a rare case reported each year from persons coming into the country carrying the virus.