Polymers Used as Biopolymer in Product Formulations.
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I. The document discusses polymers that are used as excipients in pharmaceutical applications and drug delivery systems. It classifies polymers based on their source, structure, polymerization method, and molecular forces. II. It describes desirable polymer properties for pharmaceutical uses including film forming, thickening, gelling, adhesion, and solubility properties. It provides examples of applications of polymers in tablets, liquids, semisolids, and various drug delivery systems. III. The document discusses different types of polymers used in controlled release systems including non-biodegradable, biodegradable, and smart polymers that are responsive to stimuli like pH, temperature, etc. It provides examples of commonly used natural and synthetic bi
Polymers Used as Biopolymer in Product Formulations.
- 1. POLYMER’S AS ADVANCE EXCIPIENTS SUBMITTED BY: PRACHI PANDEY, RAHUL PAL SUBMITTED TO: ARSH CHANANA M. PHARM (PHARMACEUTICS) DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICS, NIMS INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY, NIMS UNIVERSITY JAIPUR, RAJASTHAN
- 2. INTRODCUTION: POLYMER’S • “Polymer” derived from Greek roots “Poly” meaning many “Meros” meaning parts • Long chain organic molecules assembled from many smaller molecules.
- 3. CLASSIFICATION 1. Classification based on source Natural, Semi-synthetic, Synthetic 2. Classification based on structure Linear, Branched, Cross-linked 3. Classification based on polymerisation Addition and Condensation 4. Classification based on molecular force Thermosetting and Thermoplastic
- 4. PROPERTIES I. Low Density II. Good corrosion resistance and mouldability III. Excellent surface finish IV. Economical V. Good mechanical properties VI. Temperature resistance VII. Can be produced transparent or in different colors
- 5. DESIRABLE POLYMER PROPERTIES IN PHARMACEUTICALAPPLICATIONS I. Film Forming II. Thickening III. Gelling IV. Adhesion V. pH dependent solubility VI. Solubility in Organic solvents VII.Barrier Protection
- 6. ADVANTAGES I. Low density II. Stiffness III. Ultra durable IV. Resistance to corrosion V. Thermal electrical insulator VI. Flexible VII. Cheaper VIII. Recyclable
- 7. APPLICATIONS 1. Tablets: I. As binders II. To mask unpleasant taste III. For enteric coated tablets 2. Liquids : I. Viscosity enhancers II. For controlling the flow 3. Semisolids : I. In the gel preparation II. In ointments
- 8. APPLICATIONS-CONTD.. 4. Reservoir Systems I. Ocusert System II. Progestasert System III. Reservoir Designed Transdermal Patches 5. Matrix Systems 6. Swelling Controlled Release Systems 7. Biodegradable Systems 8. Osmotically controlled Drug Delivery
- 10. • Polymers for Reservoir-Based Controlled Release Systems • Polymers used in the drug delivery systems can be classified into the following categories: • Diffusion controlled (Non-biodegradable), chemically controlled (Biodegradable), and externally triggered systems (Smart polymers responded to pH, temperature, etc.). • Non-biodegradable Polymers • The polymers which are commonly used in the diffusion-controlled systems are usually nonbiodegradable. The nonbiodegradable polymers that have been used most are silicone, cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol, etc. These polymers have been approved by the FDA to be safe for the use in biological systems. Polyvinyl alcohol is permeable to various lipophilic drugs, so it is often used as a controlled elution membrane in the release
- 11. I. Polymers for Reservoir-Based Controlled Release Systems II. Polymers used in the drug delivery systems can be classified into the following categories: III. Diffusion controlled (Non-biodegradable), chemically controlled (Biodegradable), and externally triggered systems (Smart polymers responded to pH, temperature, etc.). IV. Non-biodegradable Polymers V. The polymers which are commonly used in the diffusion-controlled systems are usually nonbiodegradable. VI. In these kind of systems, because the polymers are non biodegradable in nature, there is usually no initial burst release observed, and the release kinetics of the drug is determined by the thickness and permeability of the polymer, the release area, and the solubility of the drug. VII.The nonbiodegradable polymers that have been used most are silicone, cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol, etc.
- 12. BIODEGRADABLE MATRIX These systems usually includes polymers comprising of several monomers which are linked together by functional groups with unstable linkages in the formed backbone. These are biologically eroded or degraded within the cells by the enzymes or by nonenzymatic processes. The polymer breaks down into oligomers and or monomers which are either metabolized or excreted from the body. The examples generally are from natural origin which includes proteins and polysaccharides; it also includes modified natural and synthetic polymers.
- 13. BIODEGRADABLE MATRIX Biodegradable polymers find widespread use in the drug delivery industry. There are two types of biodegradable polymers which are used: natural polymers and synthetic polymers. Collagen and gelatin are the two natural biodegradable polymers that have been deployed most for drug delivery systems and are most often used. Synthetic biodegradable polymers include PLA, PGA, PLGA, polycaprolactone, polyparadioxane, polyphosphoesters, polyanhydride, and polyphosphazenes. Among these, PLA, PGA, and their copolymer PLGA are the most well-defined and used polymers in drug delivery platform
- 14. Smart polymers, or environmental responsive polymers, are the macromolecules which display physicochemical change in response to environmental stimuli, such as a change in temperature, pH, ionic, strength, redox potential, biochemical agents, or ultrasound. Advantages that smart polymers could bring to drug delivery systems: ease of application, localized delivery of drugs with site-specific action, prolonged delivery period, and decreased systemic drug dosage to minimize the associated side effect Polymers that show thermo-sensitivity are poly (Nisopropylacrylamide; PNIPAAM), poly (ethylene oxide)- poly (propylene oxide)-poly (ethylene oxide) triblock copolymers (PEO-PPO-PEO), and poly (ethylene glycol)-poly (lactic acid)-poly (ethylene glycol) triblocks (PEG-PLA-PEG). Bovine serum albumin (BSA) has been shown to release gradually from a system which are made of temperature-responsive chitosan grafted with PEG (PEG-g-chitosan).
- 15. REFERENCE Chien. YW, “Novel drug delivery systems, drugs and the Pharmaceutical sciences”, Vol.50, Marcel Dekkar, New York, NY; 1992. Banker. G. S and Rhodes. C.T. “Modern pharmaceutics, third edition”, New York, Marcel Dekkar, Inc., 1990. Allen. LV, Popovich. NG, Ansel. HC. “Ansel’s Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems, 8th Edition, Lippincott Williams &Wilkins, 2005.pp. 298-315.