The document discusses using the ATS programming language for low-level programming as an alternative to C. It describes c2ats, a tool that can generate ATS interfaces from C code. This allows C libraries to be accessed from ATS. The document provides examples of how c2ats translates C primitive types, functions, structures, and pointers to equivalent ATS definitions. This allows existing C code to be integrated with ATS for improved type safety and compile-time error checking compared to C alone.