Postharvest mechanization activities 2019/2020
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This document outlines a study on postharvest mechanization activities in Ghana, focusing on the introduction and usage of maize shellers among farmers. Key findings reveal that while most farmers preferred group shelling services over commercial options, challenges such as unequal access and implementation of policies were noted. The research highlights significant gaps in mechanization policy that primarily favors larger tractors over small implements, with socio-economic impacts on gender and income within local communities.
Postharvest mechanization activities 2019/2020
- 1. Postharvest mechanization activities 2019/2020 Bekele Kotu1, Abdul Rahman Nurudeen1, Gundula Fischer1, Kipo Jimah1, Adams Abdulai2, Mirja Michalscheck3 and Issah Sugri4 1International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), 2Council for Scientific and Industrial Research - Science and Technology Policy Research Institute (CSIR-STEPRI), 3Wageningen University and Research (WUR), and 4Council for Scientific and Industrial Research - Savanna Agricultural Research Institute (CSIR-SARI), Africa RISING Ghana Country Planning Meeting 24 - 25 June 2020 Tamale, Ghana & Virtual
- 2. Team contribution to outcomes and outputs Outcome, Sub-activity Output Location/sites for sub-activity Research team Outcome 2, Sub-activity GH 221- 1901 Output 2.2 Northern Region; 6 communities Upper West region: 7 communities Upper East Region: 4 communities 1.Bekele Kotu 2.Mirja Michalscheck 3. Abdulai Adams 4. Abdul Rahman Nurudeen 5. Gundula Fischer 6. Fred Kizito Outcome 2, sub-activity GH2211-19 Output 2.2 UER (Samboligo, Nyangua, Gia, Bonia) NR (Doku, Tibali) Issah Sugri
- 3. The maize sheller service De-husking by hand The fuel-powered maize sheller Step 1 Step 2 Group Constitution Basic Capital Transfer 1. Group Use 2. Rent Out 3. Maintenance 4. Savings & Credit n =18
- 4. Research accompanying the maize sheller introduction Gender, human (Gundula) Economics, Institutions (Bekele) Power (Mirja) Policy (Abdulai) Machine users/ owners Productivity (Nurudeen) Environment (Fred)
- 7. Policy (Abdulai) A review has been undertaken on mechanization policies in Ghana (FASDEP I & II; GSGDA; Coordinated Programme for Social and Economic Policies; Agricultural mechanization Service Enterprise Centre (AMSEC); Agricultural Mechanization Division of MOFA; Modernising Agriculture in Ghana (MAG) program; Ghana Beyond Aid). .
- 8. Key research findings (institutions/economics) • All the groups included two types of services in their group constitutions: maize shelling service and financial service. • About 3/4th of the farmers used maize shelling service and only about 3% of them used the financial services. • The farmers produced about seven bags of maize in the last season; they shelled about 60% of this amount using the group machine and the remaining amount through commercial service providers (20%) and manual method (20%). • The mean payment for group machine service was 4.7Ghc per bag. • The commercial service is more expensive than the group service by about 70% although the commercial service includes de-husking of maize while the group service doesn’t • In most cases, the constitution has been followed to take actions: service approvals (92%) and machine operations (80%) were made according to the constitution • But there are some issues as well: only in 17% of the cases, payments were collected according to the constitutions; • Farmers have concerns that the machines cannot de-husk the cobs.
- 9. • Throughout groups: high satisfaction (transfer, use) • In Duko / Zanko: more men (% of group members) • Men: more prevalent in power positions • Nyangua: dominant community facilitator • Duko (NR): mostly MRE households • HRE households inclined to hire larger shellers (incl. de-husking) • De-husking: mostly a women’s job • Sheller groups: pre-existing = increasing inequalities (≠ non-group) • Zanko: husband and wife individual memberships to each benefit from financial services Key research findings (Power analysis)
- 10. Key research findings (Policy review) • Mechanization policies has largely focused on tractor services at the expense of small farm implements. • Post-production infrastructure (processing etc.) has received little attention in the available policies and programmes implemented. • Low budgetary allocations to mechanization. • Poor implementation of target credit support schemes on mechanization. • Policies are generally gender neutral but in terms of implementation, males dominate the mechanization space in terms of access and ownership.
- 11. Research gap Sub-activity GH 221- 1901 • Data has been collected only for one season and before harvesting was completed = group dynamics could not be captured fully • Data on some SI indicators have not been collected • Productivity (Grain quality, germination percentage), environment
- 12. Team deliverables Deliverables Means of verification Date of Delivery Status Reports to be submitted Technical report shared Apr. 2021 • A report on power relations associated with the introduction of maize shellers • A report on the mechanization policies in Ghana Quantitative data Dataverse Sept. 2021 To be completed in time Qualitative dataset Dataverse Jun. 2021 To be completed in time Manuscripts submitted to journal Manuscript Sept. 2021 To be completed in time
- 13. Team contributions to SIAF Domain Indicator Metrics/scale Results/Data 1 Productivity Quantity of shelled maize • Kg/household; household level • % of grain breakage, household level • 403kg/hh • Data on grain breakage will be collected 2 Environment Quantity of diesel consumed • Liter, group level • 14lit, on average (1-40lit) • To be strengthened 3 Economic Income, cost, Net income Ghana cedi, group level • Gross income = 368Ghc • Cost = 151Ghc • Net income = 245Ghc 4 Social Social cohesion (collective action), No metrics (qualitative enquiry) Groups reported an increased social cohesion within the group. 5 Human Capacity to experiment - Qualitative inquiry Groups developed their constitutions which fit to their contexts
- 14. Research progress towards outcomes 2019 2020 2021 J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S Socioeconomic data collection Policy review Socioeconomic data collection Data collection (grain quality) Data collection socioeconomic Data organization and analysis Drafting paper Revising paper and submission to journal
- 15. Scaling efforts • More than 1000 farmers have been exposed to the maize shelling machine through demonstration • Farmers have been linked to companies; GRATIS foundation (NR, UWR), Rural Technology Facilities (UER) • More than 300 farmers have direct access to the maize shelling machines • Sheller user groups are providing services to other farmers in their communities
- 16. Future direction of research 2019 2020 2021 J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S Socioeconomic data collection Policy review Socioeconomic data collection Data collection (grain quality) Data collection socioeconomic Data organization and analysis Drafting paper Revising paper and submission to journal
- 17. Africa Research in Sustainable Intensification for the Next Generation africa-rising.net This presentation is licensed for use under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence. Thank You