Power Electronics for Renewable Energy systems.ppt

A Novel MPPT scheme for Solar Powered Boost
Inverter using Evolutionary Programming
The Journey of Thousand Miles Begins with a single step
December 16, 2011
Presentation By
Mr. M.Kaliamoorthy, Member IEEE
Associate Professor
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
PSNA College of Engineering and Technology
Dindigul, Tamilnadu-624622
Tel: 9865065166
E-Mail: kaliasgoldmedal@gmail.com,kaliasgoldmedal@ieee.org
Website:www.kaliasgoldmedal.yolasite.com
Paper Number : 111
2011- IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances in Electrical, Electronics and Control Engineering

Objectives of This Paper
Low aim is a crime- Diode-John Ambrose Fleming-1904
• Design and development of solar powered single stage boost inverter for
RL load
• Design of accurate PV module and improved MPPT algorithm using
Evolutionary Programming
• Comparison of closed loop controlling of boost inverter using-
– PI controller
– Sliding mode controller
– MPPT algorithm
Presented By:
M.Kaliamoorthy,AP,PSNACET,EEE

Model a Drop, To know the power of the OCEAN- Zener Diode –Clarence Melvin Zener-1915
Contents of Presentation
• Simulation of accurate PV panel
• Simulation of improved maximum power point tracking algorithm
using Evolutionary Programming
• Analysis and simulation of open loop single stage PV fed boost dc-
ac converter
• Developing sliding mode control and PI control for PV fed boost
inverter
• Comparison of the results and conclusion
Presented By:

PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL WORKING PRINCIPLE
Workship the creator not his creation- Edmond Becquerel ,1889 Electricity From Sun
Presented By:

PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL MODELING
)
1
(





 D
L I
I
I
From the figure
Where I=Output Current In Amps
Il=light Current Or Photo Generated Current In Amps
ID= Diode Current in amps
Reading is an adventure that never ends- Photo Voltaic Cell- Russell Ohl-1903
Presented By:

PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL MODELING Cont…
By Shockley equation, current diverted through diode is














 
 1
/
exp
q
nkT
IR
U
I
I s
o
D
Where Io= Reverse Saturation Current
n= Diode Ideality Factor
K=Boltzmann’s Constant
T= Absolute Temperature
q= Elementary Charge
For silicon of 250
C nkT/q=0.0259 volts=α












 
 1
exp

s
o
D
IR
U
I
I
Believing in yourself is the first step to success- Lead Acid Battery- Raymond Gaston Plante-1859
Presented By:

Substituting above equation in equation (1) we get
)
2
(
1
exp 















 



s
o
L
IR
U
I
I
I
Where α=nkT/q is known as Thermal Voltage Timing Completion Factor
The four Parameters IL,Io,Rs and α need to be determined to
Study the I-U characteristics of PV cells
Look at your strengths and not your weaknesses- SCR-General Electric (GE)-1958
Presented By:

LIGHT CURRENT IL determination
 
 
ref
c
c
SC
I
ref
L
ref
L T
T
I
I ,
,
, 

 


sheet
data
er
manufactur
from
obtained
be
can
and
I
Both
)
(A/
current
circuit
short
the
of
t
coefficien
e
Temperatur
here)
used
is
(25
e
Temperatur
Reference
T
re
temperatu
cell
PV
T
)
25
and
W/m
(1000
condition
reference
at
current
Light
I
study)
in this
used
is
W/m
(1000
irradiance
reference
)
(W/m
irradiance
SC
I,
ref
L,
0
,
0
ref
c,
c
0
2
ref
L,
2
ref
2




C
C
c
Where
SC
I 





Success is a journey, Which has no Destination- Alternator-Nikola Tesla-1891
Presented By:

SATURATION CURRENT IO determination






























273
273
1
exp
273
273 ,
3
,
,
c
ref
c
ref
s
gap
c
ref
c
ref
o
o
T
T
q
N
e
T
T
I
I

condition
reference
at the
of
value
The
)
10
x
3
(1.6021773
electron
the
of
Charge
q
module
PV
the
of
series
in
cells
of
Number
N
materials)
Si
for
(1.17eV
material
the
of
gap
Band
e
(A)
condition
reference
at the
current
Saturation
I
ref
19
-
s
gap
ref
o,

 




C
Where










ref
ref
oc,
,
,
U
exp

ref
L
ref
o I
I
ers)
manufactur
by
provided
be
(Will
V)
condition(
reference
at the
module
PV
the
of
ltage
circuit vo
open
The
, 
ref
oc
U
There is no age bar for learning- Electric Chair-Harold P.Brown-1888
Presented By:

Calculation of α
(A)
condition
reference
at the
current
circuit
Short
I
(A)
condition
reference
at the
current
point
power
Maximum
I
(V)
condition
reference
at the
age
point volt
power
Maximum
1
ln
2
ref
sc,
ref
mp,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
















ref
mp
ref
sc
ref
mp
ref
mp
ref
sc
ref
sc
ref
oc
ref
mp
ref
U
Where
I
I
I
I
I
U
U

ref
ref
c
T



273
273
T
as
expressed
is
which
re,
temperatu
of
function
a
is
,
c



Knowledge is the antidote to fear – Electric Distribution System –Thomas Alva Edison - 1882
Presented By:

Calculation of Series Resistance Rs
Some manufactures provide value of Rs, if they do not provide
It can be calculated as follows
here
constant
as
taken
is
1
ln
,
,
,
,
,
s
ref
mp
ref
mp
ref
oc
ref
sc
ref
mp
ref
s
R
I
U
U
I
I
R













Thermal Model of Photovoltaic cell
 
)
Module(m
PVcell/
the
of
area
Effective
)
mperature(
Ambient te
)]
.
W/(
t[
coefficien
loss
heat
Overall
k
cells
PV
of
product
absorbtion
nce
Transmitta
)]
.
[J/(
e
cell/Modul
PV
the
of
area
unit
per
capacity
heat
oveall
The
A
I
x
2
0
2
0
loss
,
2
0
,









A
c
T
m
c
K
m
c
C
T
T
K
U
k
dt
dT
C
a
pv
in
pv
a
c
loss
pv
in
c
pv 
Present life is better than life coming in future – Robot- Jacques de Vaucanson-1738
Presented By:

PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL MODEL PARAMETERS
IL,ref(ISC,ref) 2.664 A
αref 5.472 V
Rs 1.324 Ω
Uoc,ref 87.72 V
Ump,ref 70.731 V
Imp,ref 2.448 A
Φref 1000 W/m2
Tc,ref 250
c
CPV 5 X 104
J/ (0
c.m2
)
A 1.5m2
Kin,pv 0.9
Kloss 30 W/ (0
c.m2
)
Be willing to accept temporary inconvenience for permanent improvement –Dynamo-Michael Faraday-1832
Presented By:

PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL MODEL IN MATLAB/SIMULINK
Better safe than sorry –Analog Storage Oscilloscope- Hughes-1957
Presented By:

PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL MODEL IN MATLAB/SIMULINK
Distance lends enchantment to the view –CRO- Karl Ferdinand Braun- 1897
Presented By:

CHARACTERISTICS OF PV CELL AT CONSTANT
CELL TEMPERATURE
Everyone wants to go to heaven but nobody wants to die - Megger – Evershed - 1905
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
50
100
150
200
250
Voltage in Volts
Power
in
W
atts
Voltage Vs Power Characteristics
1400 W/Sq.M
1600 W/Sq.M
1200 W/Sq.M
1000 W/Sq.M
800 W/Sq.M
Constant Cell Temperature 25 deg Centigrade
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
Voltage in Volts
C
u
rre
n
t
in
se
c
s
Voltage Vs Current Characteristics
1600 W/Sq.M
1400 W/Sq.M
1200 W/Sq.M
1000 W/Sq.M
800 W/Sq.M
Constant Cell Temperature of 25 deg Cent
Presented By:

IRRADIANCE
Everything comes to him who waits -Ammeter – Edward Weston -1886
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Voltage in Volts
Power
In
W
atts
Voltage Vs Power Characteristics
50 deg c
75 deg c
100 deg c
125 deg c
150 deg c
Constant Irradiance of 1200 W/Sq.M
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
Voltage in Volts
Current
In
Amps
Voltage Vs Current Characteristics
50 deg C
75 deg C
100 deg C
125 deg C
150 deg C
Constant Irradiance of 1200 W/Sq.M
Presented By:

Maximum Power Point Tracking of PV cell Using
Fish and guests smell after three days - Digital Multimeter –Fluke Electronics- 1969
Population Size : 40
Number of Iterations : 200
Number of Functional Evaluation : 8000
Mutation Scale :0.5
Control Variable Limits : [0 ,3.7]
Presented By:
The fitness function used here in the program is to minimize the value of Imax
and
it is the function of irradiance and cell temperature.


















 I
V
P
c
T
f
I
P
I ,
,
,
,
max 
The main objective of the EP is to minimize the above fitness
function.

History repeats itself - Electrolytic capacitor- Julius Edgar-
1928
Presented By:
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
VI CHARACTERISTICS
Voltage in Volts
Current
in
Amps
1000 W & 25 deg C
1200 W & 25 deg C
1200 W & 50 deg C
1400 W & 50 deg C
1400 W & 75 deg C
Newton Raphson
Real MPP

1928
Presented By:
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
PV CHARACTERISTICS
Voltage in Volts
P
ower
in
W
atts
1000 W & 25 deg C
1200 W & 25 deg C
1200 W & 50 deg C
1400 W & 50 deg C
1400 W & 75 deg C
Newton Raphson
Real MPP

One can never consent to creep when one feels an impulse to soar – Electromagnetism –Maxwell-1865
Presented By:
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
-0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
--> No. of iterations
-->
Objec
tiv
e
func
tion
Convergence Rate of the EP Algorithm
Value of Objective Function at Iteration

1928
Presented By:
Summary of Simulation results of different algorithms
Weather Conditions Rapson (NR) Evolutionary
Programming (EP)
Real Maximum
Power Point
% Error of Pmp
Irradiance
in
W/Sq.m
Temp
in deg
C
Vmp
(Volts)
Imp
(Amps)
Pmp
(Watts)
Vmp
(Volts)
Imp
(Amps)
Pmp
(Watts)
Vmp
(Volts)
Imp
(Amps)
Pmp
(Watts)
EP NR
1000 25 69.60 2.48 173.07 70.31 2.46 173.19 70.41 2.45 173.19 0 6.62e-4
1200 25 70.02 2.98 208.73 70.68 2.95 208.85 70.61 2.95 208.85 0 5.65e-4
1200 50 77.58 3.06 238.14 78.28 3.04 238.26 78.20 3.04 238.26 0 5.25e-4
1400 50 77.90 3.57 278.71 78.55 3.54 278.84 78.49 3.55 278.84 0 4.54e-4
1400 70 85.64 3.68 315.22 86.32 3.65 315.35 86.35 3.65 315.35 0 4.27e-4

Modes of operation
Circuit implementation
Single Stage Boost Inverter
Don’t sit like a rock work like a clock- Fluorescent Lamp –Edmund Germer - 1926
Presented By:

Modeling of Single Stage Boost Inverter
C
B
AV
V
R
C
V
L
V
C
i
L
V
V
i
R
C
C
L
L
R
dt
dV
dt
di in
L
L
a
L

































































form
the
of
is
equation
above
The
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
One today is worth than two tomorrows- Fuel Cell- Francis Thomas Bacon -1932
Presented By:

Modeling of Single Stage Boost Inverter
switches
of
status
the
is
Where
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1















































































































R
C
V
L
V
R
C
V
L
V
C
i
L
V
C
i
L
V
V
i
V
i
R
C
C
L
L
R
R
C
C
L
L
R
dt
dV
dt
di
dt
dV
dt
di
in
in
L
L
L
L
a
a
L
L
Similarly we can write the state space equations when switches S3 and S4
are switched and the total state space equation is given by
A great talker is a great liar - Hall Effect- Edwin Hall -1879
Presented By:

Simulation Results
With Constant Irradiance and Temperature
A man is as old as he feels - Hybrid Vehicle –Ferdinand Porsche-1899
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14
-500
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
Time in secs
V
o
lt
a
g
e
in
V
o
lt
s
Output Voltage
Presented By:
0.07 0.075 0.08 0.085
-100
0
100
FFT window: 1 of 18 cycles of selected signal
Time (s)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Harmonic order
Fundamental (60Hz) = 182 , THD= 5.32%
Mag
(%
of
Fundamental)

Simulation Results
With Constant Irradiance and Temperature Continues….
Be willing to accept temporary inconvenience for permanent improvement- Logic gates-Charles Babbage -1837
0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1 0.11 0.12
100
150
200
250
300
350
Time in secs
Voltage
in
Volts
Voltage across Capacitor 1
0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1 0.11 0.12
100
150
200
250
300
350
Time in secs
Voltage
in
Volts
Voltage across Capacitor 2
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
Time in Secs
Current
in
Amps
Current Through Inductor 1
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
Time in Secs
Current
in
Amps
Current Through Inductor 2
Presented By:

PV panel voltage
Output voltage
Simulation Results
With Variable Irradiance and Constant Temperature
Voltage
(V)
Time (sec)
Believing in yourself is the first step to success- Neon Lamp –Georges Claude-1910
Presented By:
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
73.5
74
74.5
75
75.5
76
76.5
77
77.5
Time in Secs
Voltage
in
Volts
PV cell output voltage for Different values of Irradiance
G=1000 W/sq.M G=1000 W/sq.M
G=700 W/sq.M G=700 W/sq.M
G=500 W/sq.M

Simulation Results
With Variable Irradiance and Constant Temperature Continues…
Capacitor voltage
Time (sec)
Voltage
(V)
Inductor current
Time (sec)
Current
(A)
A hungry man is an angry man -Pager-Al Gross-1949
Presented By:

PI Controller Fed Single Stage Boost Inverter
Discretion is the better part of valor -Piezoelectricity-Pierre Curie-1880
Presented By:

Output voltage
Input voltage
Time (sec)
Voltage
(V)
Time (sec)
Voltage
(V)
Simulation of PI Controller
Lightning never strikes twice in the same place -Relay-Joseph Henry-1835
Presented By:

Simulation Results
With Variable Irradiance and Constant Temperature
PV panel voltage Output voltage
S=500W/sq.m
S=1000W/sq.m
Time (sec)
Voltage
(V)
Time (sec)
Voltage
(V)
Money makes the world go round - Thermo Electricity –Thomson Johann Seebeck-1821
Presented By:

Sliding Mode Controller
When good transient response of the output voltage is needed, a sliding
surface equation in the state space, expressed by a linear combination of
state-variable errors (defined by difference to the references variables),
can be given by
I

  0
, 2
2
1
1
1
1 

 
 K
K
V
i
S L
where coefficients K1and K2 are proper gains, is the feedback current
error, and is the feedback voltage error, or
1

2

      0
, 1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1









ref
Lref
L
L
ref
Lref
L
V
V
K
i
i
K
V
i
S
V
V
i
i


The system response is determined by the circuit parameters and coefficients
K1and K2 . With a proper selection of these coefficients in any operating
condition, high control robustness, stability, and fast response can be achieved.
Never judge a book by its cover - Radio Guglielmo-1901
Presented By:

Sliding mode controller scheme
Sliding Mode Controller Continued….
Never put off until tomorrow what you can do today - Remote Control –Nikola Tesla-1898
Presented By:

Simulation Results for
Sliding Mode Controller With Variable Irradiance
PV panel voltage
No one can make you feel inferior without your consent –Regenerative Circuit-Edwin Armstrong-1914
Presented By:
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5
73.5
74
74.5
75
75.5
76
76.5
77
77.5
Time in secs
V
o
lta
g
e
in
V
o
lts
PV Output Voltage For different irradiance
G=500W/sq.M
G=1000W/sq.M
0.3 0.32 0.34 0.36 0.38 0.4 0.42 0.44 0.46 0.48 0.5
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
Time in secs
V
o
lt
a
g
e
in
V
o
lt
s
Output Voltage (PV) Sliding Mode Control

continues….
Opportunity never knocks twice at any man's door - Electron –Joseph John –Thomson-1897.
Presented By:
0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Time in secs
Voltage
in
Volts
Output voltage across capacitors
Capacitor 1
Capacitor 2
0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
Time in secs
In
d
uc
to
r
C
u
ren
ts
in
A
m
ps
Inductor Currents in Amps
Inductor 1
Inductor 2

continues….
Practice makes perfect -Fax Machine-Alexander Bain-1842
Presented By:
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
-400
-200
0
200
Selected signal: 18 cycles. FFT window (in red): 1 cycles
Time (s)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Harmonic order
Fundamental (60Hz) = 185.4 , THD= 1.20%
Mag
(%
of
Fundamental)

Sliding Mode Controller With Variable Temperature
continues….
Seeing is believing -Electro Magnet-William Sturgeon-1825
Presented By:
0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
Time in secs
V
oltage
in
V
olts
PV ouput Voltage For different Temperatures(Sliding Mode Control)
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
56
58
60
62
64
66
68
Time in secs
V
olta
g
e
in
V
olts
PV ouput for different Cell Temperatures
T=75 deg C
T=100 deg C
T=75 deg C

Sliding Mode Controller With Variable Temperature
continues….
Set a thief to catch a thief -Transistor-Brattain Walter-1947
Presented By:
0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Time in secs
Voltage
in
Volts
Capacitor Voltages
Capacitor 1
Capacitor 2
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Time in secs
Voltage
in
Volts
RMS Value of Output Voltage ( Sliding Mode control)

Controller Output THD Settling time Input
condition
Atmospheric condition
Open loop AC with constant RMS ≈ 5 ≈0.01 s Constant
Vph and Iph
Constant irradiation (G) and
temperature (T)
Open loop AC with changing RMS ≈9 ≈0.01 s Varying Vph
and Iph
Varying G / T
PI AC with almost constant RMS ≈2 ≈0.005s Varying Vph
and Iph
Varying G / T
SMC AC with constant RMS ≈1.5 ≈0.002s Varying Vph
and Iph
Varying G / T
Comparisons
Attack is the best form of defence -Darlington Pair-Darlington Sidney-1953
Presented By:

Conclusions
•Simple and reliable operation
•The cost of this inverter is relatively low as minimum number of power devices
are used
•Closed loop controlling improves the reliability and dynamic stability
•Closed loop controlling using MPPT is simple and more reliable compared to
all other controllers
Ask no questions and hear no lies -Hysterisis- Ewing James Alferd-1890
Presented By:

Success is a journey, Which has no Destination
THANK YOU
Presented By:

Power Electronics for Renewable Energy systems.ppt

PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL MODELING
Reading is an adventure that never ends
0
0
ln
c ph c
c s c
AkT I I I
V R I
e I
 
 
 
 
 
Presented By:
2010 IEEE International Conference on Communication Control and Computing Technologies

Where:
( )
ocT oc v x c
V V k T T
  
x scT x
I I S

ln
Voc Voc
scT s
Vt Vt
t
I R
V
x s x x sc
x
sc
I R I e I e I e
V
I
 
    
 
 

D x c
t
A kT n
V
e

Vmpp
=33.7V
Impp
=3.56
Voc
=42.1
Isc
=3.87
nc
=72
ki
=0.065 x 10-2
%/0
C
kv
=-160 x 10-3
%/0
C
kp
=-0.5 x 10-2
%/0
C
Temperature and Irradiance Dependence
Datasheet values
Knowledge is the antidote to fear
Presented By:

CELL TEMPERATURE
Look at your strengths and not your weaknesses
S= 500
S= 1000
S= 700

S= 500
S= 1000
S= 700
CELL TEMPERATURE

IRRADIANCE
The race of quality has no finish line
T= 25
T= 40
T= 60

IRRADIANCE
What you do today is getting you closer to what you want to be tomorrow
T= 25
T= 40
T= 60

Simulation Results
Output voltage
THD of output voltage
Time (sec)
Voltage
(V)

Capacitor voltage Inductor current
Simulation Results
With Constant Irradiance and Temperature Continues….
Time (sec)
Voltage
(V)
Time (sec)
Current
(A)
Be willing to accept temporary inconvenience for permanent improvement

Power Electronics for Renewable Energy systems.ppt

More Related Content

Similar to Power Electronics for Renewable Energy systems.ppt (20)

Recently uploaded (20)

Power Electronics for Renewable Energy systems.ppt