Power Flow Analysis using Power World Simulator
- 1. D u r r e e s a m i n J o u r n a l ( I S S N : 2 2 0 4 - 9 8 2 7 ) F e b r u a r y V o l 3 I s s u e 1 , Y e a r 2 0 1 7 Power Flow Analysis using Power World Simulator Umair Shahzad (Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA Email: umairshahzada@hotmail.com) Abstract The importance of power flow analysis cannot be overrated. In the scope of Electrical Power Engineering, it is very vital for the utility as well as the consumer to know about several electrical quantities including voltages and power flows regarding power systems. This paper successfully uses Power World Simulator software to carry out load flow analysis on a typical large power system. The results can be used to apply on a much more complex system consisting of several loads and variety of power generation sources including synchronous and induction generators. Keywords: power flow analysis, power systems, voltages, Power world simulator 1. Introduction Power flow analysis is a vital component of power systems. Without it, complete description of power systems is not possible. It can be used to monitor voltages, active and reactive power flows at various locations including bus bars in the power system. Moreover, active and reactive losses in transmission lines can be found. In short, we can check the overall condition of the system to confirm whether it is operating in healthy state or not. Many commercial computer softwares are available to carry out load flow studies and simulations. This paper has utilized Power World Simulator due to its lucid attractive features. From theoretical point of view, load flow calculations are mostly carried out using various methods such as Gauss-Seidel, Newton Raphson and Decoupled iteration method. In this paper, load flow calculations are carried out using Newton-Raphson power flow iteration method as it is much more efficient in terms of accuracy as compared to other methods. Moreover, its computational time is much less and is utterly autonomous of the size of power network. 2. The Power System The test system utilised in this paper consists of 16 buses. It is a real power network linking some areas in USA. The 16 bus test system which shall be used to carry out the load flow analysis is shown in Figure 1. It must be noted, however, that we can change the buses to any number depending on the type and size of power system to be analysed.
- 2. D u r r e e s a m i n J o u r n a l ( I S S N : 2 2 0 4 - 9 8 2 7 ) F e b r u a r y V o l 3 I s s u e 1 , Y e a r 2 0 1 7 Figure 1 The 16 bus test system Figure 2 and Figure 3 shows the required input data and diagram obtained after load flow respectively. Figure 2 Line-Transformer Input Data Figure 3 One-line diagram of 16 bus power system for load flow analysis Figure 4 Power system after load flow analysis
- 3. D u r r e e s a m i n J o u r n a l ( I S S N : 2 2 0 4 - 9 8 2 7 ) F e b r u a r y V o l 3 I s s u e 1 , Y e a r 2 0 1 7 3. Load Flow Analysis Results The network was simulated according to the data in Figure 2. Bus voltages and angles (after carrying out the power flow) are shown besides each bus on Figure 4. Loading of lines can also be observed, for instance, the transformer between Bus 2 and 15 is at 89% of its MVA capacity and similarly, transmission line between Bus 15 and 16 is heavily loaded (about 89% of its current rating). The data obtained after simulation in table form are shown below. Number Name Area Name Nom kV PU Volt Volt (kV) Angle (Deg) 1 1 1 345 1 345 0 2 2 1 230 0.99184 228.123 -2.2 3 3 1 13.8 1.03 14.214 1.41 4 4 1 230 1.01814 234.173 -0.64 5 5 1 115 1.00563 115.647 -3.34 6 6 1 230 1.01106 232.545 -1.86 7 7 1 115 1.00876 116.008 -3.07 8 8 1 230 1.0214 234.921 -0.74 9 9 1 13.8 1.05 14.49 3.66 10 10 1 230 1.03718 238.551 1.1 11 11 1 230 1.01741 234.004 -1.71 12 12 1 230 1.00905 232.082 -3.37 13 13 1 69 0.97894 67.547 -5.49 14 14 1 69 0.95244 65.719 -9.21 15 15 1 115 0.96343 110.794 -5.2 16 16 1 115 0.84318 96.966 -21.09 Number of Bus Name of Bus Area Name of Load Zone Name of Load ID Status MW Mvar 3 3 1 1 2 Closed 10 55 5 5 1 1 1 Closed 75 15 7 7 1 1 4 Closed 90 20 9 9 1 1 3 Closed 15 4 13 13 1 1 6 Closed 50 2 14 14 1 1 5 Closed 35 3 16 16 1 1 7 Closed 150 20
- 4. D u r r e e s a m i n J o u r n a l ( I S S N : 2 2 0 4 - 9 8 2 7 ) F e b r u a r y V o l 3 I s s u e 1 , Y e a r 2 0 1 7 4. Conclusion and Future Work This paper used Power World Simulator software to evaluate load flow parameters like bus and load voltages. A large power system consisting of 16 buses was simulated to realize the importance of load flow issues. A lot of work has recently been going on load flow by various researchers and this area needs much more standing. The most important piece of information obtained from the load flow calculation analysis is the voltage profile of the power system. If voltage varies greatly over the system, large reactive power flows (MVARs) will take place in the system This, in effect, will cause augmented active power losses and, in extreme cases, an increased prospect of system voltage collapse. When a specific bus has an inadmissibly low voltage, the normal practice is to mount capacitor banks to provide reactive compensation to the load. In short, load flow studies are used to find out how much reactive power reimbursement should be applied at a particular bus, to bring its voltage up or down to its rated value level. If new power transmission lines or additional distribution transformers are to be appended to the power system, a load flow study will establish how it will terminate overloads on any two adjacent lines.