Power Transformer – Types & Its Application
- 1. Transformer – Types & Applications
- 2. What is a Transformer? Transformers is an electrical device that is used to convert or “transform” AC voltage from one level to another. (high to low or low to high) Input and output are AC (Alternating Current) It does this by the principle of electromagnetic induction
- 3. Transformer
- 5. Parts of a Transformer A transformer consists of 3 basic components Primary Coil or Primary Winding: It is an electrical wire wrapped around the core on the input side Secondary Coil or Secondary Winding: It is an electrical wire wrapped around the core on the output side Core: A ferromagnetic material that can conduct magnetic field through it. (Example: Iron)
- 7. Transformer Operation An electrical transformer normally consists of a ferromagnetic core and two coils called “windings” It uses the principle of mutual inductance to create an AC voltage in the secondary coil from the alternating electrical current flowing through the primary coil The voltage induced in the secondary can be used to drive a load
- 8. Mutual Inductance The principle of mutual inductance says that when two electrical coils are placed near to each other, AC electrical current flowing in one coil induces an AC voltage in the other coil. This is because the current in the first coil creates a magnetics field around the first coil which in turn induces a voltage in the second coil
- 10. Transformer The transformer improves the efficiency of the transfer of energy from one coil to another by using a core to concentrate the magnetic field The primary coil creates a magnetic field that is concentrated by the core and induces a voltage in the secondary coil
- 12. Turns Ratio The voltage at the secondary coil can be different from the voltage at the primary. This happens when the number of turns of the coil in primary and secondary are not the same The Turns Ratio (TR) is the ratio of the number of turns in the primary coil to the number of turns in the secondary coil.
- 15. Step-up / Step- down transformer
- 16. Step-up transformer A transformer with the function of converting low voltage and high current from the transformer’s primary side to high voltage and low current value on the transformer’s secondary side.
- 18. Step-down transformer A transformer that converts high voltage and low current from the primary side of the transformer to low voltage and high current value on the secondary side of the transformer
- 20. Step-up Transformer Step-down Transformer Output voltage is more than that of the source voltage Output voltage is less than that of the source voltage Secondary voltage is more significant than its primary voltage Secondary Voltage is less that its primary voltage Number of turns is less than the secondary Number of turns in the primary is more than the secondary winding Current in primary is lower than the secondary Current in the secondary is higher than the primary Generally used for power transmission (ex: Generator transformer) Used in power distribution and household appliances