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Android
 Android is a Linux-based operating system designed primarily
for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers.
Initially developed by Android, Inc., which Google backed financially and later
purchased in 2005,Android was unveiled in 2007 along with the founding of
the Open Handset Alliance: a consortium of hardware, software,
and telecommunication companies devoted to advancing open standards for
mobile devices.The first Android-powered phone was sold in October 2008.[11]
 Android is open source and Google releases the code under the Apache
License.This open source code and permissive licensing allows the software to
be freely modified and distributed by device manufacturers, wireless carriers
and enthusiast developers. Additionally, Android has a large community of
developers writing applications ("apps") that extend the functionality of
devices, written primarily in a customized version of the Javaprogramming
language.In October 2012, there were approximately 700,000 apps available for
Android, and the estimated number of applications downloaded from Google
Play, Android's primary app store, was 25 billion.

Android
 These factors have allowed Android to become the world's most
widely used smartphone platform and the software of choice for
technology companies who require a low-cost, customizable,
lightweight operating system for high tech devices without
developing one from scratch.As a result, despite being primarily
designed for phones and tablets, it has seen additional applications
on televisions, games consoles and other electronics. Android's
open nature has further encouraged a large community of
developers and enthusiasts to use the open source code as a
foundation for community-driven projects, which add new
features for advanced users or bring Android to devices which
were officially released running other operating systems.
 Android had a worldwide smartphone market share of 75% during
the third quarter of 2012, with 500 million devices activated in
total and 1.3 million activations per day.

History
 Android, Inc. was founded in Palo Alto, California in October 2003
by Andy Rubin (co-founder of Danger), Rich Miner (co-founder of
Wildfire Communications, Inc.), Nick Sears (once VP at T-
Mobile), and Chris White (headed design and interface development
atWebTV) to develop, in Rubin's words "smarter mobile devices that
are more aware of its owner's location and preferences". Despite the
past accomplishments of the founders and early employees, Android
Inc. operated secretly, revealing only that it was working on software
for mobile phones.That same year, Rubin ran out of money. Steve
Perlman, a close friend of Rubin, brought him $10,000 in cash in an
envelope and refused a stake in the company.

History
 Google acquired Android Inc. on August 17, 2005, making it a
wholly owned subsidiary of Google. Key employees of Android
Inc., including Rubin, Miner and White, stayed at the company
after the acquisition. Not much was known about Android Inc. at
the time, but many assumed that Google was planning to enter
the mobile phone market with this move.At Google, the team led
by Rubin developed a mobile device platform powered by the
Linux kernel. Google marketed the platform to handset makers
and carriers on the promise of providing a flexible, upgradable
system. Google had lined up a series of hardware component and
software partners and signaled to carriers that it was open to
various degrees of cooperation on their part.

History
 Speculation about Google's intention to enter the mobile
communications market continued to build through December
2006. Reports from the BBC and the Wall Street Journal noted that
Google wanted its search and applications on mobile phones and it
was working hard to deliver that. Print and online media outlets
soon reported rumors that Google was developing a Google-
branded handset. Some speculated that as Google was defining
technical specifications, it was showing prototypes to cell phone
manufacturers and network operators. In September
2007,InformationWeek covered an Evalueserve study reporting that
Google had filed several patent applications in the area of mobile
telephony.[31][32]

History
 On November 5, 2007, the Open Handset Alliance,
a consortium of technology companies including Google,
device manufacturers such as HTC and Samsung, wireless
carriers such as Sprint Nextel and T-Mobile, and chipset
makers such as Qualcomm and Texas Instruments, unveiled
itself, with a goal to develop open standards for mobile
devices. That day, Android was unveiled as its first product, a
mobile device platform built on the Linux kernel version
2.6.[10] The first commercially available phone to run Android
was the HTC Dream, released on October 22, 2008.

History
 Since 2008, Android has seen numerous updates which have
incrementally improved the operating system, adding new features
and fixing bugs in previous releases. Each major release is named
in alphabetical order after a dessert or sugary treat; for example,
version 1.5 Cupcake was followed by 1.6 Donut. The latest release is
4.2 Jelly Bean. In 2010, Google launched its Nexus series of
devices—a line of smartphones and tablets running the Android
operating system, and built by a manufacturer partner. HTC
collaborated with Google to release the first Nexus
smartphone, theNexus One. The series has since been updated
with newer devices, such as the Nexus 4 phone
and Nexus 10 tablet, made by LG and Samsung, respectively.
Google releases the Nexus phones and tablets to act as
their flagship Android devices, demonstrating Android's latest
software and hardware features.

Description
 Interface
 Android's user interface is based on direct manipulation,[35] using
touch inputs that loosely correspond to real-world actions, like
swiping, tapping, pinching and reverse pinching to manipulate on-
screen objects.[35] The response to user input is designed to be
immediate and provides a fluid touch interface, often using the
vibration capabilities of the device to provide haptic feedback to the
user. Internal hardware such
as accelerometers, gyroscopes and proximity sensors are used by some
applications to respond to additional user actions, for example
adjusting the screen from portrait to landscape depending on how the
device is oriented, or allowing the user to steer a vehicle in a racing
game by rotating the device, simulating control of a steering wheel.[36]

Description
 Android devices boot to the homescreen, the primary navigation and
information point on the device, which is similar to the desktop found
on PCs. Android homescreens are typically made up of app icons and
widgets; app icons launch the associated app, whereas widgets display
live, auto-updating content such as the weather forecast, the user's email
inbox, or a news ticker directly on the homescreen.[37] A homescreen
may be made up of several pages that the user can swipe back and forth
between, though Android's homescreen interface is heavily customisable,
allowing the user to adjust the look and feel of the device to their tastes.
Third party apps available on Google Play and other app stores can
extensively re-theme the homescreen, and even mimic the look of other
operating systems, such as Windows Phone.[38] Most manufacturers, and
some wireless carriers, customise the look and feel of their Android
devices to differentiate themselves from the competition.

Description
 Present along the top of the screen is a status bar, showing
information about the device and its connectivity. This status
bar can be "pulled" down to reveal a notification screen
where apps display important information or updates, such as
a newly received email or SMS text, in a way that doesn't
immediately interrupt or inconvenience the user.[39] In early
versions of Android these notifications could be tapped to
open the relevant app, but recent updates have provided
enhanced functionality, such as the ability to call a number
back directly from the missed call notification without having
to open the dialer app first.[40] Notifications are persistent
until read or dismissed by the user.

Description
 Applications
 Android has a growing selection of third party applications, which can be acquired by
users either through an app store such as Google Play or the Amazon Appstore, or by
downloading and installing the application's APK file from a third-party site.[41] The Play
Store application allows users to browse, download and update apps published by Google
and third-party developers, and is pre-installed on devices that comply with Google's
compatibility requirements.[42] The app filters the list of available applications to those
that are compatible with the user's device, and developers may restrict their applications
to particular carriers or countries for business reasons.[43] Purchases of unwanted
applications can be refunded within 15 minutes of the time of download,[44] and some
carriers offer direct carrier billing for Google Play application purchases, where the cost
of the application is added to the user's monthly bill.[45] As of September 2012, there
were more than 675,000 apps available for Android, and the estimated number of
applications downloaded from the Play Store was 25 billion.[46]

Description
 Applications are developed in the Java language using the Android
software development kit (SDK). The SDK includes a comprehensive set
of development tools,[47]including a debugger, software libraries, a
handset emulator based on QEMU, documentation, sample code, and
tutorials. The officially supported integrated development
environment (IDE) is Eclipse using the Android Development Tools
(ADT) plugin. Other development tools are available, including a Native
Development Kit for applications or extensions in C or C++, Google
App Inventor, a visual environment for novice programmers, and
various cross platform mobile web applications frameworks.
 In order to work around limitations on reaching Google services due
to Internet censorship in the People's Republic of China, Android
devices sold in the PRC are generally customized to use state approved
services instead.[48]

Android Phones

Here are some of the famous Android Phones from
Samsung. =)

Samsung
Galaxy S
The Samsung Galaxy S is an Android smartphone that was
announced by Samsung in March 2010. It features a
1 GHz ARM "Hummingbird" processor, 8–16 GB
internal flash memory, a 4 inches (10 centimetres) 480×800
pixel Super AMOLED capacitive touchscreen display,Wi-
Ficonnectivity, a 5-megapixel camera with a maximum
resolution of 2560x1920 and, on select models, a front-
facing 0.3 MPVGA camera (640x480).[4][5] The base version
of the phone, the GT-I9000, was specialized for each of the
U.S. carriers, and released as the Epic 4G, Vibrant, Captivate,
Fascinate, and Mesmerize. The name "Galaxy S" is used today
for various models of Samsung phones that are quite different
from the original Galaxy S, such as the Galaxy S
Blaze, Galaxy S Aviator, or Samsung Galaxy S Relay 4G.
These are akin to spin-offs, rather than phones in the main
"Galaxy S" series.
The Samsung Galaxy S features a PowerVR graphics
processor, yielding 20 million triangles per second,[6] making
it the fastest graphics processing unit in any smartphone at
the time of release.[7] Also, upon release, the Galaxy S was
both the first Android phone to be certified
for DivX HD,[8] and at 9.9 mm was the thinnest smartphone
available.[9]
As of January 2011, Samsung had sold 10 million Galaxy S
phones globally.[10] The Galaxy S was named the European
Smartphone of the Year at the European Imaging and Sound
Association (EISA) Awards 2010–2011.[11] The Samsung
Galaxy S was succeeded by Samsung Galaxy S II. In October
2011, Samsung announced that it had sold 30 million Galaxy
S and Galaxy S II phones globally.[12]

Samsung
Galaxy S2
The Samsung Galaxy S II is a touchscreen-enabled, slate-
format Android smartphone designed, developed, and marketed
bySamsung Electronics. It sees additional software features,
expanded hardware, and a redesigned physique than its
predecessor, the Samsung Galaxy S, and was succeeded by
the Samsung Galaxy S III in May 2012.[5] The device was launched
with Android 2.3 "Gingerbread", updates to Android 4.0.4 "Ice
Cream Sandwich",[6] and again on January 2013 updated
to Android 4.1 "Jelly Bean".
Samsung unveiled the S II on 13 February 2011 at the Mobile
World Congress[7] It was one of the slimmest smartphones of the
time, mostly 8.49 mm thick, except for two small bulges which
take the maximum thickness of the phone to 9.91 mm.[8] The
Galaxy S II has a 1.2 GHz dual-core "Exynos" system on a
chip (SoC) processor,[9] 1 GB of RAM, a 10.8 cm (4.3 in)
WVGASuper AMOLED Plus screen display and an 8-megapixel
camera with flash and 1080p full high definition video recording.
It is one of the first devices to offer a Mobile High-definition
Link (MHL),[10] which allows up to 1080p uncompressed video
output to an MHL enabled TV or to an MHL to HDMI adapter,
while charging the device at the same time. USB On-The-
Go (USB OTG) is supported.[11][12]
The user-replaceable battery gives up to ten hours of heavy usage,
or two days of lighter usage.[13] According to Samsung, the Galaxy
S II is capable of providing 9 hours of talk time on 3G and 18.3
hours on 2G.[13][14]

Samsung
Galaxy S3
The Samsung Galaxy S III is a multi-touch, slate-format smartphone running the Android operating
system. It is designed, developed, and marketed by Samsung Electronics. It has additional software
features, expanded hardware, and a redesigned physique from its predecessor, theSamsung Galaxy S II.
The S III employs an intelligent personal assistant (S Voice), eye-tracking ability, increased storage, and
a wireless chargingoption. Depending on country, the 4.8-inch (120 mm) smartphone comes with
different processors and RAM capacity, and 4G LTE support.[10] The device was launched with Android
4.0.4 "Ice Cream Sandwich", and can be updated to Android 4.1 "Jelly Bean".
Following an eighteen-month development phase, Samsung unveiled the S III on 3 May 2012
in London.[11] The device was released in 28 European and Middle Eastern countries on 29 May 2012,
before being progressively released in other major markets in June 2012. Prior to release, 9 million
pre-orders were placed by more than 100 carriers globally.[12] The S III was released by approximately
300 carriers in nearly 150 countries at the end of July 2012.[4] More than 20 million units of the S III
were sold within the first 100 days of release.[13] Samsung has since sold more than 40 million
devices.[5]
Due to overwhelming demand and a manufacturing problem with the blue version of the
phone,[14] there was an extensive shortage of the S III, especially in the United States. Nevertheless, the
S III was well-received commercially and critically, with some technology commentators touting it as
the "iPhone killer".[15] In September 2012,TechRadar ranked it as the No. 1 handset in its constantly
updated list of the 20 best mobile phones,[16] while Stuff magazine likewise ranked it at No. 1 in its list
of 10 best smartphones in May 2012.[17] The handset also won the "European Mobile Phone of 2012–
13" award from the European Imaging and Sound Association,[18] as well as T3 magazine's "Phone of
the Year" award for 2012.[19] It played a major role in boosting Samsung's record operating profit during
the second quarter of 2012.[20] As of November 2012, the Galaxy S III is part of a high-profile
lawsuit between Samsung and Apple.[21] In November 2012, research firm Strategy Analytics
announced that the Galaxy S III had overtaken the Apple iPhone 4S to become the world's best-selling
smartphone model in Q3 2012.[22]

Samsung Galaxy Note
The Samsung Galaxy Note is
an Android smartphone/tablet computer hybrid
("phablet"), introduced in October 2011 and noted for
its 5.3-inch screen size—between that of conventional
smartphones, and larger tablets—and its
included stylus.[5]

Samsung Galaxy Note 2
The Samsung Galaxy Note II is
an Android smartphone manufactured by Samsung and
noted for its combination of a large display, 5.55-inch
(141 mm) measured diagonally, and software optimized
for an integral self-storing stylus. Because the display
places the device at the large end of the smartphone and
small end of the tablet size ranges, the Galaxy Note II has
been called a hybrid of a phone and tablet, or phablet.
Succeeding the Samsung Galaxy Note, the Note II
features a 1.6 GHz quad-core processor, 720p resolution
display, 2 GB of RAM, and storage capacity up to
128 GB — when using a 64 GB microSD card with the
projected 64 GB model.
At the time of its launch, the Galaxy Note II was the first
Samsung phone to employ Android 4.1 Jelly Bean as its
standard operating system.[9]

THE END =)

Respecfully submitted to Prof. Erwin M.
Globio, MSIT

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