1. Determiners
The afternoon was hot, and so was a railway carriage. The next
stop was at Templecombe, nearly an hour ahead. In the carriage
were a small girl, a smaller girl, and a small boy. An aunt
belonging to some children sat in the corner seat, and in the
further corner seat on the opposite side, was a man who was a
stranger to them, but the small girls and the small boy were the
ones who filled the compartment. The children chatted on and on
to their aunt, like a housefly that refuses to be put off. Most of the
aunt's remarks seemed to begin with "Don't", and nearly all of the
children's remarks began with "Why?”
Determiners are the words which are
used before nouns to determine or fix
their meaning.
2. (a) Where were the characters at the time of narration?
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__ (b) Who was travelling with the aunt?
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__ (c) How did the children pass their time?
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__ (d) How long would they take to reach Templecombe?
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__ (e) How does the aunt respond to the children's antics? Why do
you say so?
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__
Answer the following
questions:
3. 1. No article is used before a proper noun.
2. 'The' is used to refer to a specific place/person/object.
3. 'A' is used when the person/place is referred to for the first
time.
4. 'An' is used before a vowel sound.
We learn…
7. Articles
Indefinite Definite
A An
A- Used before singular
countable nouns
beginning with consonant
sound.
Example- a one-eyed man,
a unique place, a
European, a University, a
Mango etc.
An– Used before singular
countable nouns beginning
with vowel sound.
Example- an Indian, an
hour, an umbrella, an
honest boy (Mute ‗h‘)
8. When we talk about something for
the second time in the same context
or anything qualified by a phrase.
Definite
11. Distributive determiners refer to a group of people or things, and
to individual members of the group. They show different ways of
looking at the individuals within a group, and they express how
something is distributed, shared, or divided.
Using “each” and “every” to talk about the members of a group
as individuals
Using “all” to talk about the whole group
Using “half” to talk about a divided group
Using “both”, “either”, and “neither” to talk about pairs of people
or things
12. Each can also be used with plural nouns and
pronouns but must be followed by ‘of’. Every
cannot be used with plural nouns.
Examples
Each of the children received a present.
I gave each of the plants some water.
He told each of us our jobs.
Every child received a present.
I gave each plant some water.
All can be used with uncountable nouns and plural countable nouns by
itself. In this usage, it refers to the group as a concept rather than as
individuals.
Examples
All cheese contains protein.
I like all dogs.
All children need affection.
This soap is for all purposes.
All can be used with uncountable nouns and plural countable nouns
preceded by the or a possessive pronoun. In this case, the meaning is
shifted towards referring to a concrete, physical group rather than the
group as a concept. In these uses, the word of can be added just after
all with no change in meaning.
Examples
All the people in the room were silent.
All of the birds flew away.
Have you eaten all the bread?
I will need all of the sugar.
I’ve invited all my friends to the party.
I’ve used up all of our eggs.
You wasted all your time.
13. Using “either”
Either is positive and when used alone,
refers to one of the two members of the
pair. It is equivalent to “one or the other”.
Because it refers to just one member of a
pair, either must be used before a
singular noun. It can also be used with a
plural noun or pronoun if followed by “of”.
Examples
I can stay at either hotel.
Either day is fine for me.
There are two chairs here. You can take
either of them.
Either of you can come.
Either of the hotels will be fine.
I can eat either of the salads.
Neither chair is any good.
Neither brother came.
Which bag do you want? Neither of them.
Neither of us were on time.
I think neither of these dresses fits me.
Neither of the children wanted to go.
14. 1) ________ man wore a suit.
1.a) all
2.b) each
3.c) half
2) ________ child should go to school.
4.a) all
5.b) each
6.c) every
3) _______ guards were caught sleeping.
7.a) either
8.b) each
9.c) every
4) _______ of the parent will go to the school to pick up the child.
10.a) half
11.b) either
12.c) both
15. True or False Exercises on Distributive Determiners:
1) Each the cats were purring loudly.
2) Both child were playing.
3) Both of them like swimming.
4) I can stay at either houses.
5) Either of you go there.
6) Neither of dogs was barking.
7) Neither of these interests me.
8) All is going to the party.
9) I like all horses.
10) I like all dog.
16. 1) _______ of us was given a grand reception.
2) _______ man is responsible for his own life.
3) Rony drank ______ the milk from the jug.
4) _______ the books were a good read.
5) He spends _______ of his salary on garments.
6) ________ of you will do the job.
7) ________ of the men was suitable for the job.
8) He told ________ men their responsibilities.
9) He gave me ________ of his fruits.
10) I have been waiting _______ day for this moment.
17. Quantifier
s
It is used to describe quantity.
They are adjectives or phrases that serve
to answer two possible questions:
1. How many?
2. and How much?
•much
•a little/little/very little
bit (of)
•a great deal of
•all
•enough
•many
•a few/few/very few **
•a number (of)
