![• NEG. GENERAL. :— Absence of certain striking
customary features of a disease.
• EXAMPLE :- FEVER WITHOUT THIRST. [ APIS MEL.]
• COLDNESS WITH AVERSION TO BEING
COVERED
[CAMPHORA]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptclassificationnew-241016043910-6db8f7ad/85/PPT-CLASSIFICATION-new-pptx-part-1-new-wdition-16-320.jpg)
PPT CLASSIFICATION new.pptx part 1 new wdition
- 1. UNDERSTANDING OF CLASSIFICATION OF SYMPTOMS THROUGH CLINICAL CASE GUIDE — MUKUL CHAUHAN BHANU PUROHIT ANURAG CHIKARA UNDER GUIDENCE: DR. ANJALI JOSHI
- 2. TO UNDERSTAND THE CLASSIFICATION OF SYMPTOMS THROUGH CLINICAL CASE OBJECTIVES
- 3. • DEFINITION.:— MEANS any change in the health of the organism which is felt by the patient himself remarked by those around him and observed by the physician.(sec 6 organon of medicine) • DR. J.T. KENT :—“EVERY SYMPTOMS IS INDICATIVE OF DISEASE ,OR CHANGE FROM STATE OF HEALTH.” • DR. STUART CLOSE :—IN GENERAL A SYMPTOM IS ANY EVIDENCE OF DISEASE, OR CHANGE FROM A STATE OF HEALTH.” • DR. H.A. ROBERTS :—“SYMPMTOMS ARE THE ONLY REPRESENTATIVE EXPRESSION OF DISEASE STATE.” SYMPTOMS?? Type to enter a caption.
- 4. OBJECTIVE SYMPTOMS. SUBJECTIVE SYMPTOMS Alteration in the state of health observed or detected by the physician or attendants. Example — TEMPERATURE PULSE. DISCOLOURATION Subjective symptoms are those that are felt by patient himself. example— all types of pain or discomfort
- 5. COMPLETE SYMPTOMS WHICH IS CLEARLY DEFINED BY THE ELEMENTS. OF LOCATION, SENSATION, AND PLETE SYMPTOMS. R. BOENNINGHAUSEN ADDED THE 4TH. “CONCOMITANT“ LOCATION It point to the exact site or localisation of complaint Part or function of the body in which the symptom appear. SENSATION The nature of felling the kind of sensation { burning, stinging, aching,throbbing,etc} MODALITIES Natural circumstances that aggravate or ammeliorate the intensity of the existing symptoms CONCOMITANT ( STRICT TIME RELATION) The accompanying symptoms which may seems to have no apparent physiological and pathological group of symptoms relation to the pathonomic group of symptoms
- 6. HEADACHE AT FRONTAL REGION IN EVENING AND RELIEF IN MORNING WITH GASTRIC DISCOMFORT????
- 7. EXAMPLES 1)Headache at frontal region in evening and relief in morning with gastric discomfort *location. — frontal region * sensation — headache *modality — agg. In evening Amm. In morning * concomitant — gastric discomfort Type to enter a caption.
- 8. INCOMPLETE SYMPTOMS Those symptoms that lack any one or more of the 3 components (location,sensation& modalities)of a symptom. EXAMPLE— headache in frontal region. (modality and concomitant are absent )
- 9. GENERAL SYMPTOMS ALL sensation or symptoms that the patient predicates of him or in the relating of which he uses the first personal pronoun. Example — I AM WEAK, I AM THIRSTY ( THESE SYMPTOMS REFFERING TO THE PERSON AS A WHOLE)
- 10. General symptoms MENTAL GENERALS PHYSICAL GENERALS PATHOLOGICAL GEN All symptoms related to the mental spheres are termed as mental gen. Dr kent grade mental symptoms as:— Will & emotions Intellect & understanding Memory. These are the symptoms involving the whole person at a Bodily level it regards to where its physical condition and circumstances. When a common pathological feature exist at two or more location it is known at pathological general. example:— tumor, ulcers , calculi, cyst
- 11. MENTAL GENERALS • WILL. :—LOVE, HATE, JEALOUS, SUICIDAL, DESIRE DEATH, AVERSION TO STRANGERS, NYMPHOMANIA, DESIRE TO KILL. • EMOTION :— ANGER, ANXIETY, CHEERFULL, INSANITY, RAGE, VOILENT NATURE. • INTELLECT :— COFUSION, DELIRIUM, HALLUCINATION, DELUSION, BURRIED IN THOUGHTS, DEMENTIA. • MEMORY :— CONCENTRATION, ABSENT MINDED, MISTAKE IN WRITTING & READING.
- 12. QUALIFIED MENTAL SYMPTOMS ? Type to enter a caption. ANY IDEA ? WHAT IS MAJOR DIFFERENCE IN MENTAL GEN AND QUALIFIED MENTAL SYMPTOMS??????????
- 13. QUALIFIED MENTAL SYMPTOMS Definition :- EXAMPLE:- weeping is a common symptom of depression but weeping worse in evening 4-8 PM. Throws more light on the person then on the disease. And thus become qualified mental symptom.
- 14. • GEN.MODALITIES :— PATIENT AS WHOLE • HUNGER/APPETITE & THIRST. • CRAVING AVERSION & INTOLERANCE. • SLEEP AND DREAMS • TENDENCY TO AFFECT A PARTICULAR SIDE OR IN A PARTICULAR DIRECTION. • SENSES :— TASTE, SMELL, VISION, HEARING, TOUCH • MENSURATION PHYSICAL GENERALS EXAMPLE:— NATRUM MUR. { Craving for salt and aversion to bread} EXAMPLE:— RIGHT SIDE- LYCO. & APIS LEFT SIDE - LACHESIS & THUJA
- 15. • PERIODICITY :— • HEADACHE ( occurs at every seven days) {SULPHUR} • (ALTERNATE DAYS){ NATRUM MUR.}
- 16. • NEG. GENERAL. :— Absence of certain striking customary features of a disease. • EXAMPLE :- FEVER WITHOUT THIRST. [ APIS MEL.] • COLDNESS WITH AVERSION TO BEING COVERED [CAMPHORA]
- 17. DIAGNOSTIC SYMPTOMS KEYNOTE SYMPTOMS COMMON SYMPTOMS (CHEIF COMPLAINTS) (PATHOGNOMIC) The symptoms that are rare, peculiar and uncommon in a case and help into and out a small group of remedies. Helps to differentiate between same group of remedies. Common symptoms are those that are present in many person sufferings from the same ailment. Example:— *breathlessness is a common symptoms in case of acute asthma. *Blood & mucus in stool in bacillary dysentry. The symptoms upon which a nosological diagnosis made. There are of value in a differentiating the common/ uncommon symptoms of the disease
- 18. • Those striking singular uncommon and peculiar signs and symptoms of the case.(or of the medicine) • Which characterised patient are known as characteristic symptom. • ACC. To STUART CLOSE :— “The chr. Symptoms are the symptoms peculiar to the Individual patient rather than the symptoms common to the disease.” • Those are the points which enable us to differentiate between similar cases and remedy. • Example :— • Bloody mucous and painful tenesmus are the common symptoms of dysentry, however when we found a peculiar symptoms.every drink of cold water causes chills and is followed by a hurried stool.{CAPSICUM}
- 19. ELEMENATIVE SYMPTOMS SYMPTOMS WHICH HELP TO ELEMINATE SOME UNIMPORTANT MEDICINES TO FECILITATE THE SELECTION OF THE SIMILIMUM ARE CALLED ELEMINATVE SYMPTOMS. Sir MARGRET TYLER first introduced this method for facilitating an easy repertorisation.
- 20. • 1). DESIRE FOR COMPANY (+3) • 2). FORGETFULL(+2) • 3). IRRITABLE(+2) • 4). ABSENT MINDED WHILE READING(+2) • 5). SADNESS IN MORNING(+1) • 6) DEC. APPETITE(+2) • 7). DESIRE FOR SWEET(+2) • 8) FLATULANCE IN ABDOMEN(+3) • 9) FREQUENT URINATION(+2) • 10) BURNING DURING MICTURATION(+2) CLASSIFY THESE SYMPTOMS
- 21. TYPES 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 LOCATION SENSATION MODALITY MENTAL GEN. * * * * * PHYSICAL GEN. * * PATHOLOGICAL GEN. PARTICULAR * * * COMMON SYMP. CHARACTERSTIC SYMP. * * DIAGNOSTIC KEYNOTE QUALIFIED
- 22. Report writing