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INTRODUCTION TO
WORLD RELIGION AND
BELIEF SYSTEM
welcome
to

week 7
Brief History, Core
Teachings, Fundamental
Beliefs, Practices and
Related Issues of MAHAYA
BUDDHISM

At the end of this lesson, the students should be able
to:
Discuss the brief history, beliefs and practices and
related issues of Mahayana Buddhism.

Lesson 7
1. Historical background
2. Beliefs and doctrines

lesson 7
Historical
background

1. Buddhism doesn’t have a supreme
god.
2. Buddha is not his real name
3. Anybody can be a “buddha”
4. Buddhism believes in karma
Fun fact

A later development arose
in north India that came
to be known as the
Mahayana (lit. “Greater
Vehicle”) school.
MAHAYANA
BUDDHISM

China
Mongolia
Korea
Japan
tibet
MAHAYANA
BUDDHISM

During the 3rd
century,
King Ashoka contributed
to expanding Buddhism
that causes variations of
it.
MAHAYANA
BUDDHISM

The Mahasamghika (“of the
Great Sangha”), one of the
early Buddhist schools, may
have been the source for
the initial growth of
Mahayana Buddhism
MAHAYANA
BUDDHISM

Considered a historical event, a
religious schism between the
Mahasamghika and Sthavira nikaya
(“Sect of the Elders”), another
major Buddhist school, transpired
during the said council.
MAHAYANA
BUDDHISM

These new ideas eventually
concretized resulting in a new form
of Buddhism quite different from
the original teachings taught by
Siddhartha Gautama and to those
accepted by Theravada Buddhists. In
short, Mahayana Buddhism practically
MAHAYANA
BUDDHISM

Firstly, Mahayana Buddhists believed
that Siddhartha secretly taught key
principles to chosen people, to his
most dedicated disciples, or to the
most faithful who could completely
interpret these teachings in time
(Hopfe 1983; Losch 2001).
MAHAYANA
BUDDHISM

Secondly, Mahayana Buddhists
forwarded the concept that
Siddhartha Gautama was actually a
benevolent celestial being, not just a
mere human being. Because of his
love for humankind and zeal to help
the people, he came to our world in
MAHAYANA
BUDDHISM

thirdly, Mahayana Buddhists
advanced the radical idea that
Siddhartha Gautama was not the only
Buddha. There were other divine
beings that came to our world even
before Siddhartha, some of them came
after him, and still others will come in
MAHAYANA
BUDDHISM

Mahayana Buddhism
has 2184 Sutras
(sacred texts).

boundless compassion,
wisdom and courage, is
inherent within every
person without distinction
of gender, ethnicity, social
standing or intellectual
ability
1) Lotus Sutra

refers to this perfected way of
seeing the nature of reality, as well
as to a particular body of sutras
and to the personification of the
concept in the Bodhisattva
known as the "Great Mother"
(Tibetan: Yum Chenmo).
2. Perfection of Wisdom
Sutra (Prajna-paramita

true to its title, this short sutra
goes to the heart of the
doctrine it summarizes. In the
space of a single page (some
versions adding an
introductory and a concluding
paragraph),
3. Heart sutra

in words ascribed to the
bodhisattva (“buddha-to-be”)
of compassion,
Avalokiteshvara, the Heart
Sutra discusses the doctrine
of “emptiness” (shunyata),
which is the nature of reality.
3. Heart sutra

According to followers of the
Pure Land schools, which are
widespread throughout East
Asia, rebirth in Sukhavati is
ensured by invoking the name
of Amitabha, particularly at
the moment of death.
4. "Land of Bliss" Sutra (Sukhavati)
or “Pure Land of Bliss”

lesson 7
Beliefs and
doctrines

The dharmakaya is identical
with perfect enlightenment that
is absolute and beyond
existence or non-existence.
Everyone is capable of attaining
this special place which is
beyond perceptual forms.

As a body of bliss, the state of
crossing point between the two
sambhogakaya is already enlightened
but remains distinctive. Believed to
be a remuneration of one’s aggregated
positive deeds, it serves as a other
trikayas of Buddha.

nirmanakaya is the physical
body that undergoes birth,
inhabits the world, and dies in
the end. The great teacher
Siddhartha Gautama is an
example of a Buddha in a state
of nirmanakaya.

Bodhisattvas are enlightened
beings who have put off
entering paradise in order to
help others attain
enlightenment. There are
many different Bodhisattvas,
but the most famous in China
is Avalokitesvara.
Bodhisattvas

Based on the Mahayana
tradition, a bodhisattva must
pass 10 Bhumis (“grounds” of
“land”) before attaining the so-
called “Buddha-hood.” These
are extensions of the
“Eightfold Path”
Bhumis and Paramitas

The Bhumis are frequently
associated with the paramitas
(“perfections”). Translated as
“to cross over the other shore,”
paramitas imply crossing from
the “sea of suffering” to the
“shore of happiness.”
Bhumis and Paramitas

lesson 7
WORSHIP AND
OBSERVANCES

Buddhism integrates an assortment
of religious practices and devotional
rituals with the objective of aiding
worshippers in their journey toward
enlightenment and in bringing
blessings to each and every one.

In Buddhist temples, they pray and
chant to pay their respect to the
Buddhas and bodhisattvas, such as
Avalokiteshvara, Manjushri, and
Amitabha. They also offer
vegetarian food and light incense
to pay homage to these important
divine beings.

Mahayana rituals can be quite
elaborate with the addition of other
disciples of Siddhartha Gautama and
important bodhisattvas. Worshippers
also recite chants and undertake
pilgrimages to sites of Buddhist
importance.

Meditational activities are
fundamental in almost all
popular forms of
Buddhism. The lotus that
symbolizes purity.

1. The Pure Land
Sect
When believers die, it is their objective to
live in the “Pure Land of the West” or
Sukhavati. By simply reciting the name of
the Amitabha with utmost attentiveness
many times during the day, they may be
reborn in this paradise where they can work
to achieve enlightenment much easier.
Amitabha, the god who supervises over a

2. The Intuitive Sects
emphasize that salvation is a personal
matter and one cannot receive assistance
from other entities, such as another person
or institution, to realize the inner truths of
religion. In short, most elements of religion
—from scriptures, temples, statues, prayers,
and rituals—are not essential to achieve
enlightenment.

3. The Rationalist Sect
A rationalist Buddhist school of thought
called T’ien-t’ai emerged around the sixth
century C.E. with its name originating from a
mountain in southeastern China where its
founder Chih-I or Zhiyi lived. Chih-I
emphasized that acts of studying and 10
contemplation were both vital for spiritual
enlightenment.

4. The Socio-political Sect
A Japanese Buddhist monk by the name of
Nichiren Daishonin who lived during the
thirteenth century during the Kamakura
period began to teach that the path towards
attaining enlightenment rested solely on the
devotion to the Lotus Sutra. Nichiren (“sun
lotus”) Buddhism, which is purely a Japanese
phenomenon, perceives

5. Tibetan Buddhism
Buddhism was officially introduced into Tibet
around the seventh century C.E. during the reign
of Songtsan Gampo, considered the founder of
the Tibetan Empire. He was influenced by his
Chinese and Indian wives who were both
Buddhist followers. Buddhism became a
dominant force in the region toward the end of
the eight century C.E. when the king Trisong
Detsen decreed it as the official state religion.

A Great Insight
into the Charity
of Tzu Chi

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