PRACTICAL-RESEARCH-2.ppt
- 3. LESSON 1
- 4. At the end of this module, you should be able to: 1. design a research useful in daily life (CS_RS12-Id-e-1); 2. write research title (CS_RS12-Id-e-2); 3. describe background of research (CS_RS12-Id-e-3); 4. state research questions (CS_RS12-Id-e-4); 5. indicate scope and delimitation of study (CS_RS12-Id-e-5); 6. present written statement of the problem (CS_RS12-Id-e-7);
- 6. A. CHOOSE A BROAD TOPIC 1. Choose an interesting topic 2. Select a significant topic 3. Choose a topic relevant to your field
- 7. B. DO A PRELIMINARY RESEARCH C. DEFINE THE PROBLEM D. REFINE THE QUESTION
- 8. LESSON 2
- 9. 1. Use an accurate description of the subject and scope of the study instead of using general terms. 2. Do not use abbreviations except for commonly known ones like DNA and ICT. 3. Do not include words like “The study of,” “Analysis of,” “An investigation of” or similar construction as these would only lengthen the title. 4. Include the main dependent and independent variables. 5. Be mindful of the proper use of grammar and punctuation.
- 10. 6. Capitalize all nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs as well as the first letter of the first and last words. 7. State in a declarative form, although you may also see titles in question form from time to time. 8. The year the study has been conducted should not be indicated unless it is a historical study. 9. Use current terminology. 10. Depending on the institutional requirements, 5 to15 words are sufficient to describe the research study.
- 11. 11. Use the common name instead of chemical formula (e.g., Ammonium instead of NH4) 12. Write and italicize full scientific names. 13. Make sure to reflect the tone of the paper. An academic research paper has title which is not casual, or informal, or does not contain humor.
- 12. 1. Determine what it is that you wish to accomplish or know from your study. Write one to two sentences to state the main objectives of your research project. 2. Include important keywords and variables. Revise the sentences into one complete sentence that includes important keywords and variables of the study. 3. Shorten the title by eliminating unnecessary words. You may also shrink a phrase into a simpler phrase or a single word. In doing this, make sure that the main thought of the research study is retained. The following steps can guide you in writing your research title:
- 13. 4. Correct grammar and punctuation errors if there is any. 5. Observe proper formatting. The format may vary according to the requirements of the course or school. Please seek guidance from your professor. The following steps can guide you in writing your research title:
- 15. BACKGROUND OF CONTEXT OF THE STUDY CONCEPTUALIZED PERCEPTION ARTICULATE JUSTIFY UNEXPLORED EXHAUSTIVE LEGITIMATE NOTEWORTHY COMPREHENSIVE
- 16. BACKGROUND OF The background of the study answers the following questions: 1. What is already known about the topic? 2. What is not known about the topic? 3. Why do you need to address those gaps? 4. What is the rationale of your study?
- 17. LESSON 4
- 20. Characteristics of Good Research Questions
- 21. 1. Feasible
- 23. Research Questions for Descriptive Research
- 24. Research Questions for Correlational Research
- 25. Research Questions for Ex Post Facto Research
- 26. Research Questions for Experimental and Quasi-experimental Research
- 27. LESSON 5
- 28. COMPONENTS
- 29. Objectives or Problems to be Addressed Why are you doing this study?
- 30. Topic of the Study What are the variables to be included and excluded?
- 31. Time Frame When are you conducting this study?
- 32. Locale of the Study Where are you going to gather your data?
- 33. Characteristics of the Respondents Who will be your respondents?
- 34. Method and Research Instruments How are you going to collect data?
- 35. Difference between Delimitation and Limitation of the Study
- 36. SUMMARY Steps in developing a research topic include;(1) Choose a broad topic, (2) Do a preliminary research, (3) Define the problem, and (4) Refine the question • Background of the study states the situation or circumstances within which your research topic is conceptualized.
- 37. SUMMARY • Research Problem is the focus of investigation. • Characteristics of good research questions are feasible, clear, significant, and ethical. • The scope specifies the coverage of your study such as variables, population or participant, and timeline. Delimitation cites factors of your study that are not included or excluded or those you will not deal in your study.
- 38. from the name itself, denotes that a variable is ranked in a certain order. This variable can have a qualitative or quantitative attribute. For example, a survey questionnaire may have a numerical rating as choices like 1, 2, 3, 4, 5ranked accordingly (5=highest, 1=lowest) or categorical rating like strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree and strongly disagree. Other examples or ordinal variable: cancer stage (Stage I, Stage II, Stage III), Spotify Top 20 hits, academic honors (with highest, with high, with honors).
Editor's Notes
- #40: Quantitative research is a broad spectrum that it can be classified into smaller and more specific kinds: descriptive, correlational, ex post facto, quasi-experimental, and experimental. Ex post facto design is used to investigate a possible relationship between previous events and present conditions. The term “Ex post facto” which means after the fact, looks at the possible causes of an already occurring phenomenon. Just like the first two, there is no experimental manipulation in this design. An example of this is “How does the parent’s academic achievement affect the children obesity?” A quasi-experimental design is used to establish the cause-and-effect relationship of variables. Although it resembles the experimental design, the quasi-experimental has lesser validity due to the absence of random selection and assignment of subjects. Here, the independent variable is identified but not manipulated. The researcher does not modify pre-existing groups of subjects. The group exposed to treatment (experimental) is compared to the group unexposed to treatment (control): example, the effects of unemployment on attitude towards following safety protocol in ECQ declared areas. Experimental design like quasi- experimental is used to establish the cause-and-effect relationship of two or more variables. This design provides a more conclusive result because it uses random assignment of subjects and experimental manipulations. For example, a comparison of the effects of various blended learning to the reading comprehension of elementary pupils.