Prepaid energy meter with gsm interface

Prepaid Energy Meter with
GSM Interface

http://www.edgefxkits.com/
Prepaid Energy Meter with GSM
Interface
Introduction
 The project has been introduced in the power sector to effectively record
the units consumed for billing purposes and also monitor several other
factors to reduce power theft and minimize losses that occurs due to
conventional electromechanical energy meters. This is a multipurpose
project that integrates all the functions including a prepaid billing
arrangement and automatic message sending system to the utility
company.

Block Diagram
Interface

Hardware Requirements
 Microcontroller (AT89C52/S52)
 Max232
 GSM module
 LCD(16x2)
 LED
 Crystal Oscillator
 Resistors
 Capacitors
 Diodes
Interface

Hardware Requirements
 Transformer
 Regulator
 Opto Isolator
 Energy Meter
 Lamp
 push buttons.
Interface

Software Requirements
 Keil compiler
 Languages: Embedded C or Assembly
Interface

Power Supply
Interface
230 V AC
50 Hz
5V
DC
12V step down
transformer
Filter(470µf)
5v RegulatorBridge rectifier
 A power supply is an electronic device that supplies electric energy to
an electrical load.

Power Supply
Interface
 The primary function of a power supply is to convert one form of electrical energy
to another and, as a result, power supplies are sometimes referred to as electric
power converters.

Power Supply
 A DC Power Supply Unit (commonly called a PSU) deriving power from
the AC mains (line) supply performs a number of tasks:
• It changes (in most cases reduces) the level of supply to a value
suitable for driving the load circuit.
• It produces a DC supply from the mains (or line) supply AC sine
wave.
• It prevents any AC from appearing at the supply output.
Interface

Parts of a Power
Supply The output voltage is kept at a constant level, independent of
changes in:
• The AC supply voltage at the supply input.
• The Load current drawn from the supply output.
• Temperature.
Interface

Energy Meter
Interface
 An energy or electric meter is a device that measures the amount of electrical
 Energy consumed by a residence, business, or an electrically-powered device.
 Electric meters are typically calibrated in billing units, the most common one being
the kilowatt hour.
 Periodic readings of electric meters establish billing cycles
and energy used during a cycle.

MICROCONTROLLE
R
 It is a smaller computer
 Has on-chip RAM, ROM, I/O ports. etc..
RAM ROM
I/O
Port
Timer
Serial
COM
Port
Microcontroller
CPU
A single chip
Interface

Internal Structure af A Micro Controller
Interface

Microcontroller AT89S51/52
Interface
 Microcontroller AT 89S51 IC has several benefits and advantages, including high-
level constraints, external components hardware less, ease of programming.
 And cost-efficient. AT 89S51 IC has an internal program that is easy to remove and
re-programmed over and over - again.
 In this plane AT 89S51 IC serves as the central control of all aircraft activity. Starting
from the timer to control the length of the electrode work.
 In this plane AT 89S51 IC is also used as modifiers for the thermal sensor
temperature is converted in units of mineral content that is displayed in the form
of seven segment displays.

Features of AT89S51/52
Interface
 Compatible with MCS®-51 Products
 8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory
 Endurance: 10,000 Write/Erase Cycles
 4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range
 Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz
 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM
 32 Programmable I/O Lines

Features of AT89S51/52
Interface
 32 Programmable I/O Lines
 Three 16-bit Timer/Counters
 Eight Interrupt Sources
 Full Duplex UART Serial Channel
 Interrupt Recovery from Power-down Mode
 Watchdog Timer
 Dual Data Pointer

IR
LED
Interface
 An IR LED, also known as IR transmitter, is a special purpose LED that transmits
infrared rays in the range of 760 nm wavelength.
 Such LEDs are usually made of gallium arsenide or aluminum gallium arsenide.
 They, along with IR receivers, are commonly used as sensors.
 The appearance is same as a common LED.

IR
LED
Interface
 Since the human eye cannot see the infrared radiations.
 It is not possible for a person to identify whether the IR LED is working or not,
unlike a common LED.
 To overcome this problem, the camera on a cell phone can be used.
 The camera can show us the IR rays being emanated from the IR LED in a circuit.

Photo Diode
Interface
 A photodiode is a type of photo detector capable of converting light into either
current or voltage, depending upon the mode of operation.
 Photodiodes are similar to regular semiconductor diodes except that they may be
either exposed (to detect vacuum UV or X-rays) or packaged with a window or
optical fibred connection to allow light to reach the sensitive part of the device.

BC547
Interface
 The BC547 transistor is an NPN Epitaxial Silicon Transistor.
 The BC547 transistor is a general-purpose transistor in small plastic packages.
 It is used in general-purpose switching and amplification BC847/BC547 series 45 V,
100 mA NPN general-purpose transistors.
 Whenever base is high, then current starts flowing through base and emitter and
after that only current will pass from collector to emitter

DB9 Connector
Interface
 The DB9 (originally DE-9) connector is an analog 9-pin plug of the D-Sub miniature
connector family (D-Sub or Sub-D).

MAX 232
Interface
 The MAX232 is an integrated circuit that converts signals from an RS-232serial port
to signals suitable for use in TTL compatible digital logic circuits.
 The MAX232 is a dual driver/receiver and typically converts the RX, TX, CTS and RTS
signals .
 When a MAX232 IC receives a TTL level
to convert, it changes a TTL Logic 0 to
between +3 and +15V, and changes TTL
Logic 1 to between -3 to -15V, and vice
versa for converting from RS232 to TTL.

GSM Communication
Interface
 The term GSM usually means the GSM standard and protocols in the frequency
spectrum around 900MHz.
Mobile Station:
 The MS is the physical equipment used by a subscriber, most often a normal hand-
held cellular telephone.
Base Transceiver Station:
 The BTS comprises the radio transmission and reception devices, and also manages
the signal processing related to the air interface.

GSM Communication
Interface

GSM Modem
Interface
 A GSM modem is a specialized type of modem which accepts a SIM card, and operates
over a subscription to a mobile operator, just like a mobile phone.
 From the mobile operator perspective, a GSM modem looks just like a mobile phone.
 When a GSM modem is connected to a computer, this allows the computer to use the
GSM modem to communicate over the mobile network.
 While these GSM modems are most frequently
used to provide mobile internet connectivity,
many of them can also be used for sending and
receiving SMS and MMS messages.

 If an 8-bit data bus is used the LCD will require 11 data lines (3 control lines plus
the 8 lines for the data bus).
 The three control lines are referred to as EN, RS, and RW.
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
Interface

Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Diagram
Interface

Working Principle
Interface
 This is a multipurpose project that integrates all the functions including a
prepaid billing arrangement and automatic message sending system to the utility
company.
 It may please be noted that it is truly not a usable commercial product engaging
actual prepaid card but uses a set of switches for understanding the technology
implemented behind it.
 This project uses an 8051 microcontroller to which a GSM modem is interfaced .
 From here the message is sent to the phone number that is auto saved by giving
a missed call to the SIM number present in the GSM modem.

Working Principle
Interface
 There are a set of pushbuttons, which are used to load, any recharge amount
required.
 Such arrangement is in lieu of an actual prepaid card for demo purposes.
 By pushing those buttons one can easily recharge the amount.
 As soon as the microcontroller receives any recharge amount, a switch is set , to
deliver power to the load.
 Thereafter consumption of the load power is calculated by the energy meter,
which is interfaced to the microcontroller through an Optical Isolator IC.

Working Principle
Interface
 The microcontroller program then starts to deduct the recharge amount as per
the consumption of load power.
 Once the recharge amount reaches to zero then the microcontroller cuts the
power supply to the load through a relay driven duly by a NPN transistor
 And also sends a message to the phone number stored that contains all the
billing information.

Further Enhancement
Interface
 The concept can further be extended by integrating a RFID smartcard where in
each card is provided to automatically recharge the amount and send the same
information via GSM module to the respective phone number stored.

Conclusion
 Prepaid Energy Meter with GSM Interface was designed and implemented. The
concept can further be extended by integrating a RFID smartcard wherein each card
is provided to automatically recharge the amount and send the same information
via GSM module to the respective phone number stored.
Interface

Prepaid energy meter with gsm interface

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