How to build a robot with an arduino and 8051 microcontroller

How To Build a Robot With an
Arduino and 8051
Microcontroller

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How To Build a Robot With an Arduino
and 8051 Microcontroller
Introduction:
The main purpose of robot is to decrease the man power. The robots are
used in electronics in many applications. In this presentation we are
discussing about how to build the obstacle-avoiding robot with the Arduino
module & 8051 microcontroller.

 The required components to build the robot includes the following
How To Build a Robot
• Robot Body
• DC Motor
• Arduino Module
• Motor Driver IC
• Ultrasonic Sensor

How to Build a Robot
1. Robot Body
 The basic robot body of the robot of obstacle avoidance vehicle.
 The robot body is a plastic body and it contains wheels on both sides.
 Ultrasonic sensor is arranged in front of the robot body.
 By using the ultrasonic sensor the obstacle can be detected.

Robot Body
 Any obstacle is detected by the ultrasonic sensor while the robot is
moving.
 Then the robot will move aside and it will continue moving.

2. DC Motor
 The DC motor is an electric motor and it runs with direct current.
 The operation of any motor is based on the electromagnetism.
 The magnetic field is produced by the current carrying conductors
 When it is placed in an external magnetic field, it will experience a force
proportional to the current in the conductor.

DC Motor
 Generally, we know that the magnets are opposite polarity attraction
from north to south.
 If the polarities are same like north to north & south to south then the
magnets will repel.
DC Motor

DC Motor
 The internal configuration of DC motor is designed to attach the magnetic
interaction between the current carrying conductor and the external
magnetic field to produce the motion.
 Here we are using two DC motors, each motor contains 6v and the total
two DC motors contain 12v.
 The two DC motors are placed in the robot body

DC Motor
 The robot body is moved with the help of the DC motors
Robot Body with DC Motor

3. Arduino Module
 The following image shows the arduino module image.

3. Arduino Module
 The arduino module plays an important role in the design of the
obstacle avoidance robot using arduino kit.
 The receiver pin of the arduino is connected to the second pin of
ultrasonic sensor.
 The 1st, 2nd, & 3rd pin of arduino module is connected to the DC motor
driver.
 The common components capacitor and diode are also connected to
the arduino module with the help of the battery power supply.

4. Motor Driver IC
 To run the DC motor the motor driver IC used.
 The pins 3,6 & 11, 14 of motor driver are connected to the DC motor.
 The input pin 1 and 2 are connected to the arduino module and the
enable pin is connected to the transmitter pin of the arduino.
 The pins 4, 5, 12, 13 of motor driver are connected to the ground.

Ultrasonic Sensor
 In this concept the ultrasonic sensor is used to detect an obstacle ahead.
 It will send the command to the arduino board.
 Depending upon the input signal the microcontroller redirects the robot
to move in alternate directions.

 The applications of the arduino robot obstacle avoidance
Ultrasonic Sensor
• The arduino robot can move on any surface
• It can move on metallic surface like refrigerator body.

 The below image shows the arduino robot for obstacle avoidance
Arduino Robot for Obstacle Avoidance

Building Robot With 8051 Microcontroller
 The components required to build the robot with the 8051 microcontroller
are
• 8051 microcontroller
• DC motors
• Motor drivers
• Metal detector
 To build a robot with the 8051 microcontroller, We took the metal detector
robot vehicle for the explanation.

• Decoder
• Encoder
• Push buttons
• Crystal
• RF transmitter and receiver
Building Robot With 8051 Microcontroller

Metal Detector
 The metal detector is a coil it has one or more metal coils used to detect
the metals on the ground.
 The metal detector works on the principle of the electromagnetic
induction.
 The metal detector is connected to the robot body through the PCB.

Metal Detector
 The following image shows the general metal detector used in the
electronic projects.

Push Buttons
 The push buttons are buttons which are made up of hard metals like
plastic and metal.
 Generally the push buttons are used to reset the program in the
microcontroller.
 The following image shows the push button image.

8051 Microcontroller
 The 8051 microcontroller consists of 40 pins.
 The 4th & 5th pin of the microcontroller is connected to the crystal
oscillator.
 The Vcc pin is given to the power supply of 5V and the ground pin is
connected to the ground.
 The pins 15, 16, 18, 19 of the microcontroller are connected to the
encoder IC of HT12E.
 The microcontroller pins 2, 7, 8, 9, are connected to the push buttons.

 The following image after connecting all the components like resistor,
capacitor, crystal oscillator, 8051 series microcontroller, encoders and
etc are on the printed circuit board.
PCB Connections

 The below image shows the metal detector robot with the 8051 series
microcontroller.
Metal Detector Robot with the 8051 Series Microcontroller

 Here in this project we showed how to build a simple robotic obstacle
avoidance using arduino and 8051 Microcontroller. With the help of
sensors and other components robot can detect the obstacle and turn
around and avoid crashing.
Conclusion

How to build a robot with an arduino and 8051 microcontroller

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