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9
Children’s spontaneous exploratory interactions with materials
2. The 3-M method for observing
Observing and recording children’s interactions
Making focused observation of specific child in learning centers
Determining at what level child is interacting
Recording child’s interaction level with materials on Child Interaction Form
3. Responding to individual children
Giving child support, encouragement, and direction
Making comments that reflect child’s actions
10
4. Becoming a facilitator of learning
Serving as a behavior model
Letting the environment do the teaching
Show delight in what child is accomplishing
RECOMMENDED ACTIVITIES
1. Small group presentations of end-of-chapter "Try It Yourself" activities. Class
members sign up for one of five small groups and presentation date.
a. Classroom floor plan: Make a large classroom floor plan for your program
showing learning centers arranged according to ideas presented under “Locating
and Spacing Learning Centers.” Present using overhead transparencies.
b. Observe children at mastery level of interaction: Observe three children who
seem to be at the mastery level of interaction with materials. Record on Child
Interaction Forms (Figure 2–1) giving specific details. Also record evidence for
their levels of social interactions. Present with handouts or PowerPoint.
c. Observe children at meaning level of interaction: Observe and record three
different examples of interaction at meaning level. Try to capture on paper or tape
recorder conversations as well as actions. Also record evidence for social
interactions. Present with handouts or Power- Point.
d. Response for manipulative-level children: Report how you responded (or would
respond) to three children at the manipulative level, giving details of your support
for how they were interacting and any new materials you might suggest. Present
with handouts.
e. Response for mastery-level children: Report how you responded (or would
respond) to three children at the mastery level, giving details of your support for
how they were interacting and any new materials you might suggest. Present with
handouts.
2. Field trips to observe two teachers: Observe an early childhood teacher in a self-
directed learning environment and a teacher in a traditional early childhood
classroom. How are their roles different? Refer to tasks of self- directed teachers in
this chapter. Give details of how they handled similar situations. Present using
handouts.
3. Montessori and Piaget: Research information on what Montessori and Piaget had to
say about young children’s repetitive actions. Why did they think these actions were
important in young children’s development? Report on handout giving sources, or
show film.
11
4. Children’s social interactions: Research information on social interactions of
children 3, 4, and 5. Be sure to include information from Parten, Kemple, or Corarso.
How are these social interactions another important indicator of their development?
Report on handout giving sources.
5. Levels of development: Make a chart showing the levels of development of six
children in your classroom. Describe how you were able to determine each of these
levels. Describe how you would set up activities in one or two of the learning centers
to meet the needs of these children. What would your role be in these two centers?
Present using overhead transparencies.
6. Group discussion on media and technology: Members of group should demonstrate
how they would or would not use with children, digital cameras, TVs, cell phones,
CD/cassette recorders, CD-ROMs, CDs, DVDs, whiteboards, and touch tablets, based
on NAEYC recommendations for their appropriate use.
7. View Films: Have teams preview various DVDs or CD-ROMs on observation of
children. Write up critiques. Show films in class and lead class discussion on what
ideas they liked and why.
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
1. How is the role of the teacher in a self-directed learning environment different from
that of a teacher in a traditional classroom? Which is better?
2. How can we meet the needs of each of the children in our classroom if they are all at
different levels of development? Give examples.
3. How can our observations of children’s interactions with materials in our classroom
help to determine their developmental levels? Give examples.
4. Why do you think both Montessori and Piaget believed that repetitive actions are
important in a young child’s development? Do you agree?
5. As a behavior model for the children in your classroom, how should you act when
children get out of control? Give examples.
MULTIMEDIA RESOURCES FOR VIEWING AND PRESENTING
Appropriate Curriculum for Young Children: The Role of the Teacher (DVD) from
NAEYC (1-800-424-2460). Shows adults’ important roles in helping young children
learn through play and child-initiated activities. 28 min.
12
Children at the Center (DVD) from Redleaf Press (1-800-423-8309). Reflective teachers
shift their thinking and practice to be more authentically child-centered by reconsidering
their environment, routine, materials, and curriculum. 24 min.
Focused Observations: How to Observe Children for Assessment and Curriculum
Planning (DVD) from Redleaf Press (1-800-423-8309). This film offers classroom-tested
methods for observing that will help you assess children’s development and develop
curriculum that addresses children’s capabilities. 74 min.
Observation I: The Eyes Have It! (DVD) from Redleaf Press. Explores techniques in
preschool settings to document children’s growth. 27 min.
Setting the Stage (DVD) from Redleaf Press. Shows how children can be observed within
the context of their play and culture. 24 min.
Growing through Play (DVD) from Redleaf Press. Shows how Parten’s stages of play
connect to the learning styles of children at different ages. Real footage of children at
play. 30 min.
RECOMMENDED READINGS
Ahola, D. & Kovacik, A. (2007). Observing & Understanding Child Development: A
Child Study Manual (+ CD-ROM). Clifton Park, NY: Thomson/Delmar Learning.
Anderson, G. T. & Robinson, C. C. (2006). “Rethinking the dynamics of young
children’s play.” Dimensions of Early Childhood 34(1), 11–16.
Beaty, J. J. (2010). Observing Development of the Young Child. Columbus, OH: Pearson.
Carter, D. & Curtis, M. (2011). Reflecting children’s lives. St. Paul, MN: Redleaf Press.
Chatin-McNichols, J. (1992). The Montessori Controversy. Clifton Park, NY:
Thomson/Delmar Learning.
Corsaro, W. A. (2003). We’re friends, right? Inside kids’ culture. Washington, DC:
Joseph Henry Press.
Dombro, A. L., Jablon, J. R. & Stetson, C. (2011). Powerful interactions: How to connect
with children to extend their learning. Washington, DC: NAEYC.
Frost, J. L., Wortham, S.C. & Reifel, S. (2012). Play and child development.
Columbus, OH: Pearson. Kemple, K. M. (2004). Let’s be friends: Peer competence and
social inclusion in early childhood programs. New York: Teachers College Press.
13
McManis, L. D. an Gunnewig, S. B. (2012), “Finding the education in educational
technology with early learners.” Young Children 76(3), 14-23.
Parten, M. B. (1932). “Social participation among preschool children.” The Journal of
Abnormal Social Psychology 27, 243–269.
Piaget, J. (1962). Play, Dreams, and Imagination in Children. New York: Norton.
Shifflet, R., Toledo, C., and Mattoon, C. (2012). “Touch tablet surprises.” Young
Children, 76(3), 36-41.
Vygotsky, J. S. (1978). Mind in Society: The Development of Psychological Processes.
Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Self-Evaluation
Fill out form at end of Chapter 1.
14
CHILD INTERACTION FORM
Child Observer
Center Date
CHILD INTERACTION FORM WITH MATERIALS
Manipulation Level
Actions/Words
(Child moves materials around without using them as intended)
Mastery Level
Actions/Words
(Child uses materials as intended, over and over)
WITH OTHER CHILDREN
Solitary Play
Actions/Words
(Child plays alone with materials)
Parallel Play
Actions/Words
(Child plays next to others with same materials but not involved)
Cooperative Play
Actions/Words
(Child plays together with others with same materials)
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with the enemy—and without any hint that this mysterious “Paul”
might be an imaginary person! If the second “Paul” letter had been
found, that too would have been published in full, and the entire
country would have read a story to the effect that both letters had
come from Upton Sinclair, who was thus caught red-handed in a vile
German conspiracy against his country!
Maybe you are like my wife; maybe you never believed in the
“frame-up.” But study this case, and see what else you can make of it.
Ask yourself: How comes it that the raids of both the Federal agents
and of the Los Angeles County officers are so precisely timed to the
arrival of letters from a mysterious “Paul” whom nobody has ever
seen? And how comes it that this mysterious “Paul” puts the name of
Upton Sinclair on his envelope? If “Paul” is afraid to put his own
name on the envelope, why does he not mail it without return
address, as millions of letters are mailed every day? And why does he
employ the words: “As I stated in the papers”—when he hasn’t stated
anything whatever in the papers, and when Flowers must know he
hasn’t stated anything? Is it not plain that some dark agency is here
working behind the scenes, plotting to ruin Upton Sinclair, and
“tipping off” both the Federal authorities and the county authorities
at the precise critical moment?
What is this agency? I do not know, and my lawyer, who takes
this conspiracy very seriously, will not permit me to guess in public.
But he admits my right to study these “Paul” letters, and to point out
a peculiar bit of internal evidence. It would seem that this dark
agency which is plotting to ruin Upton Sinclair is also interested in
injuring the “Los Angeles Examiner.” The first “Paul” letter offers to
supply Flowers with the names of more German papers, if he will
insert a request in the personal columns of the “Examiner”; and the
“Times” publishes this letter in full, calling particular attention to the
damaging mention of the “Examiner.” Day after day the “Times” is
attacking the “Examiner,” calling it a pro-German sheet; and here is
a German conspirator using this pro-German sheet as a medium for
his schemes!
The above is what is done to me before this book comes out.
What will be done after my enemies have actually read the book, I
cannot imagine. All I can do is to repeat my warning to you. Twenty
years ago old “One-hoss” Wayland told me he had made it the rule of
his life never to write a letter that he would not publish in the
“Appeal to Reason.” And that is the principle upon which I have
always carried on my propaganda. I have no secrets. What I have to
say is said once a week in a full page of the “Appeal,” and the
opposition to violence and conspiracy in the class struggle which I
there write in public I advocate just as vigorously in private, and all
my friends know it. So, if at any time you read that a carload of
dynamite bombs has been found in my home, or that I have been
carrying on a cipher correspondence with some foreign assassins, or
that I have poisoned my wife and eloped with a chorus girl, or that I
have taken a job on the “Los Angeles Times”—please go back and
read this warning, and understand what is being done to both of us.
CONCLUSION
When I first talked over this book with my wife, she gave me a
bit of advice: “Give your facts first, and then call your names.” So
throughout this book I have not laid much stress on the book’s title.
Perhaps you are wondering just where the title comes in!
What is the Brass Check? The Brass Check is found in your pay-
envelope every week—you who write and print and distribute our
newspapers and magazines. The Brass Check is the price of your
shame—you who take the fair body of truth and sell it in the market-
place, who betray the virgin hopes of mankind into the loathsome
brothel of Big Business. And down in the counting-room below sits
the “madame” who profits by your shame; unless, perchance, she is
off at Palm Beach or Newport, flaunting her jewels and her feathers.
Please do not think that I am just slinging ugly words. Off and
on for years I have thought about this book, and figured over the
title, and what it means; I assert that the Brass Check which serves in
the house of ill-fame as “the price of a woman’s shame” is, both in its
moral implications and in its social effect, precisely and identically
the same as the gold and silver coins and pieces of written paper that
are found every week in the pay-envelopes of those who write and
print and distribute capitalist publications.
The prostitution of the body is a fearful thing. The young girl,
trembling with a strange emotion of which she does not know the
meaning, innocent, confiding and tender, is torn from her home and
started on a road to ruin and despair. The lad, seeking his mate and
the fulfilment of his destiny, sees the woman of his dreams turn into
a foul harpy, bearer of pestilence and death. Nature, sumptuous,
magnificent, loving life, cries: “Give me children!” And the answer
comes: “We give you running sores and bursting glands, rotting lips
and festering noses, swollen heads and crooked joints, idiot
gabblings and maniac shrieks, pistols to blow out your brains and
poisons to still your agonies.” Such is the prostitution of the body.
But what of the mind? The mind is master of the body, and
commands what the body shall do and what it shall become;
therefore, always, the prostitution of the mind precedes and causes
the prostitution of the body. Youth cries: “Life is beautiful, joyous!
Give me light, that I may keep my path!” The answer comes: “Here is
darkness, that you may stumble, and beat your face upon the
stones!” Youth cries: “Give me Hope.” The answer comes: “Here is
Cynicism.” Youth cries: “Give me understanding, that I may live in
harmony with my fellow-men.” The answer comes: “Here are lies
about your fellow-men, that you may hate them, that you may cheat
them, that you may live among them as a wolf among wolves!” Such
is the prostitution of the mind.
When I planned this book I had in mind a sub-title: “A Study of
the Whore of Journalism.” A shocking sub-title; but then, I was
quoting the Bible, and the Bible is the inspired word of God. It was
surely one of God’s prophets who wrote this invitation to the reading
of “The Brass Check”:
Come hither; I will shew unto thee the judgment of the great whore that sitteth
upon many waters;
With whom the kings of the earth have committed fornication, and the
inhabitants of the earth have been made drunk with the wine of her fornication.
For eighteen hundred years men have sought to probe the vision
of that aged seer on the lonely isle of Patmos. Listen to his strange
words:
So he carried me away in the spirit into the wilderness: and I saw a woman sit
upon a scarlet colored beast, full of names of blasphemy, having seven heads and
ten horns. And the woman was arrayed in purple and scarlet color, and decked
with gold and precious stones and pearls, having a golden cup in her hands full of
abominations and filthiness of her fornication:
And upon her forehead was a name written, MYSTERY, BABYLON THE
GREAT, THE MOTHER OF HARLOTS AND ABOMINATIONS OF THE EARTH.
Now, surely, this mystery is a mystery no longer! Now we know
what the seer of Patmos was foreseeing—Capitalist Journalism! And
when I call upon you, class-conscious workers of hand and brain, to
organize and destroy this mother of all iniquities, I do not have to
depart from the language of the ancient scriptures. I say to you in the
words of the prophet Ezekiel:
So the spirit took me up, and brought me into the inner court; and behold, the
glory of the Lord filled the house.
And I heard him speaking unto me out of the house:
Now let them put away their whoredom, and the carcases of their kings, far
from me, and I will dwell in the midst of them forever.
A PRACTICAL PROGRAM
As I am about to send this book to press, I take one last look at
the world around me. Half a million coal-miners have struck, a court
injunction has forced the leaders to call off the strike, the miners are
refusing to obey their leaders—and the newspapers of the entire
United States are concealing the facts. For a week it has been
impossible for me to learn, except from vague hints, what is
happening in the coal-strike. And at the same time, because of false
newspaper stories from Centralia, Washington, a “white terror”
reigns in the entire West, and thousands of radicals are beaten,
jailed, and shot.
I have pleaded and labored long to avoid a violent revolution in
America; I intend to go on pleading and laboring to the last hour. I
know that thousands of my readers will, like myself, be desperately
anxious for something they can do. I decided to work out a plan of
action; something definite, practical, and immediate.
I propose that we shall found and endow a weekly publication of
truth-telling, to be known as “The National News.” This publication
will carry no advertisements and no editorials. It will not be a journal
of opinion, but a record of events pure and simple. It will be
published on ordinary newsprint paper, and in the cheapest possible
form. It will have one purpose and one only, to give to the American
people once every week the truth about the world’s events. It will be
strictly and absolutely nonpartisan, and never the propaganda organ
of any cause. It will watch the country, and see where lies are being
circulated and truth suppressed; its job will be to nail the lies, and
bring the truth into the light of day. I believe that a sufficient number
of Americans are awake to the dishonesty of our press to build up for
such a paper a circulation of a million inside of a year.
Let me say at the outset that I am not looking for a job. I have
my work, and it isn’t editing a newspaper; nor do I judge myself
capable of that rigid impartiality which such an enterprise would
require. It is my idea that control of the paper should be vested in a
board of directors, composed of twenty or thirty men and women of
all creeds and causes, who have proven by their life-time records that
they believe in fair play. By way of illustration, I will indicate my idea
of such a board: Allan Benson, Alice Stone Blackwell, Harriet
Stanton Blatch, Arthur Bullard, William C. Bullitt, Herbert Croly,
Max Eastman, William Hard, Mrs. J. Borden Harriman, Rev. John
Haynes Holmes, Hamilton Holt, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Paul
Kellogg, Amos Pinchot, Charles Edward Russell, Lincoln Steffens, J.
G. Phelps Stokes, Ida Tarbell, Col. William Boyce Thompson, Samuel
Untermyer, Frank A. Vanderlip, Oswald Garrison Villard, Rabbi
Stephen S. Wise.
The above list is confined to men and women who live in or near
New York, and who therefore could attend directors’ meetings, and
not be merely “dummies.” You will note that the list contains some
practical publishers and editors; it contains Socialists and anti-
Socialists, pro-Bolsheviks and anti-Bolsheviks, radicals and liberals
of all shades.
In addition I would like to provide for a number of directors to
be appointed by various organized groups in the country: one
representative each from the Nonpartisan League, The American
Federation of Labor, the National Teachers’ Federation, the
Federation of Catholic Societies, the Federation of Protestant
Churches, the Federation of Women’s Clubs, etc. The members thus
named should not be sufficient in number to control the publication,
for it is obvious in common sense that control must rest with the
stockholders who have founded and made possible the paper. But
these various groups should have a voice on the board, for the
purpose of criticizing the publication and holding it rigidly to its
declared policy, “the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the
truth.” It should be provided that each director has the right to a
column twice a year in the publication, in which to state any criticism
of its policy which he may have; also that any five directors have the
right once a month to insert a column pointing out what they
consider failure of the paper to live up to its professed standards.
There should be a directors’ meeting in New York City once every
month, and all these meetings should be open to representatives of
the press; the editorial staff should be present, and answer all
criticisms and explain their policy. Unless I am mistaken, this would
result in making “National News” in another sense; the capitalist
press would be forced to discuss the paper, and to advertise it.
I picture a publication of sixty-four pages, size nine inches by
twelve, with three columns of ordinary newspaper type. The paper
will have special correspondents in several of the big cities, and in
the principal capitals of Europe, and will publish telegraphic news
from these correspondents. It will obtain the names of reliable men
in cities and towns throughout America, and in case of emergency it
can telegraph, say to Denver, ordering five hundred words about the
Ludlow massacre, or to Spokane, ordering the truth about the
Centralia fight. The editor of the “National News” will sit in a watch-
tower with the world spread before him; thousands of volunteers will
act as his eyes, they will send him letters or telegrams with news. He
and his staff will consider it all according to one criterion: Is the
truth being hidden here? Is this something the American people
ought to know? If so, the editor will send a trusted man to get the
story, and when he has made certain of the facts he will publish
them, regardless of what is injured, the Steel Trust or the I. W. W.,
the Standard Oil Company or the Socialist Party—even the “National
News” itself.
Our editor will not give much space to the news that all other
papers publish. The big story for him will be what the other papers
let alone. He will employ trained investigators, and set them to work
for a week, or maybe for several months, getting the facts about the
lobby of the Beef Trust in Washington, the control of our public
schools in the interest of militarism, the problem of who is paying
the expenses of the American railway mission in Siberia. Needless to
say, the capitalist press will provide the “National News” with a
complete monopoly of this sort of work. Also it will provide the paper
with many deliberate falsehoods to be nailed. When this is done,
groups of truth-loving people will buy these papers by the thousands,
and blue-pencil and distribute them. So the “National News” will
grow, and the “kept” press will be moved by the only force it
recognizes—loss of money.
There are in America millions of people who could not be
persuaded to read a Socialist paper, or a labor paper, or a single tax
paper; but there are very few who could not be persuaded to read a
paper that gives the news and proves by continuous open discussion
that it really does believe in “the truth, the whole truth, and nothing
but the truth.” I do not think I am too optimistic when I say that such
a publication, with a million circulation, would change the whole
tone of American public life.
What would such a paper cost? To be published without
advertisements, it would have to charge a high subscription price,
two dollars a year at least; and there are not enough who will
subscribe to a paper at that price. It would be better for the people to
go without shoes than without truth, but the people do not know this,
and so continue to spend their money for shoes. If the “National
News” is to succeed, the few who do realize the emergency must pay
more than their share; in other words, the paper must have a
subsidy, and the subsidy must be large enough to make success
certain—otherwise, of course, no one ought to give anything.
I have telegraphed to publishers of liberal sympathies in the
East, and present herewith the following estimate of the cost of
launching and maintaining the “National News”:
Weekly cost on basis of half million circulation: Editorial, overhead and paid
matter, $1,000; paper, composition and printing, $9,000; addressing and mailing,
$1,000; stencil list, $1,000; postage, $1,250; telegraph 50; business and
circulation, $500; total, $14,000 per week, $728,000 per year.
The above is figured, as requested, on 64 page paper, size nine by twelve. Such
work has to be done in a job plant and is more expensive. By making 32 pages, size
twelve by eighteen, the cost could be cut to $650,000 per year.
Income on basis of 500,000 circulation, three-fifths consisting of paid
subscriptions at one dollar per year, and two-fifths of news-stand sales at five cents
per copy retail, three cents wholesale: $612,000. Deficit to be made up by subsidy,
$116,000. Deficit on larger size, $38,000.
On basis of one million circulation, cost in smaller size will be $1,300,000;
income will be $1,224,000; deficit, $76,000. On the larger size there would be no
deficit.
It is recommended that no definite policy as to advertising be fixed in
preliminary stages, but the matter left to the directing board. There is a great deal
of advertising, relating to books, liberal organizations and political movements,
which adds to the interest of a publication; also there is some commercial
advertising which would not seek to control policy. A definite declaration
contained in advertising contracts, to the effect that the contract carries no
expectation of editorial favors, and rigid adherence to this principle should suffice.
The deficits here figured would be covered by one or two pages of advertising per
week, so it is not necessary to figure a permanent deficit on the paper.
The income from subscriptions has been figured without agents’ commissions
and premiums, on the understanding that the paper will rely on volunteer labor for
canvassing. For the same reason the sum of one hundred thousand dollars may be
set as the maximum cost of establishing the paper.
The above represents the combined views of three different
persons, all qualified experts. As suggested, I will leave the questions
of detail to be worked out by the governing board. It appears that we
may have an honest paper if we will give one hundred thousand
dollars in cash, and will pledge, say thirty thousand dollars a year for
two years to cover a possible deficit.
Such are the figures. I believe that this amount of money can be
raised, and I purpose to set out and raise it. To every reader of this
book I say: Will you help, and if so, how much? Presumably nobody
will want to cut out a page from a book, so I will not print a stock
subscription blank. I ask that you write me a letter as follows:
Upton Sinclair,
Pasadena, California:
Assuming that you are able to raise the total necessary endowment fund and
permanent annual subsidy for the “National News,” and that you name an
organization committee satisfactory to us, we, the undersigned, agree to contribute
to the project as follows:
Then give, in vertical columns, names; addresses; the number of
subscribers that each signer undertakes to obtain, on a basis of not
more than one dollar per year; the amount of money that each signer
will contribute to the endowment fund; the amount that each will
contribute each year to make up the permanent deficit.
Please do not send money for the paper. I will let you know
when I reach that stage, and meantime I do not want the
responsibility of keeping money. If you are enough interested in the
plan to care to help in advertising it, printing circulars and soliciting
pledges from people of means, I will be glad to receive such money
and to account for it. If I succeed in raising the necessary sum, I will
name an organization committee, and have a charter prepared, and
submit the whole matter to you for endorsement.
Sometimes people criticize my books as being “destructive.”
Well, here is a book with a constructive ending. Here is something to
be done; something definite, practical, and immediate. Here is a
challenge to every lover of truth and fair dealing in America to get
busy and help create an open forum through which our people may
get the truth about their affairs, and be able to settle their industrial
problems without bloodshed and waste. Will you do your share?
PUBLISHER’S NOTE
Two years ago I finished “The Profits of Religion,” and offered it
to publishers. They said it could not be sold; no book on religion
could be sold, it was the deadest subject in the world. I believed that
“The Profits of Religion” could be sold, and I published it myself. In
less than a year I have sold forty thousand copies, and am still selling
them.
One reason, of course, is the low price. Everybody told me that a
book could not be published at that price. I would report on the
figures if I could, but I gave the book as a premium for my magazine,
and never made any attempt to separate the two ventures. All that I
can report is that since February, 1918, when I started the magazine,
I have taken in for magazines and books a total of $14,269, and I
have paid out for printing, postage, labor and advertising, a total of
$20,995. This deficit represents some two hundred thousand
magazines sent out free for propaganda purposes; the deficit was
made up by donations from friends, so it cost me nothing but my
time, which I gladly gave. And I am willing to give it again; I can’t
expect either royalty as author or profit as publisher from “The Brass
Check.” The cost of book manufacturing has increased fifty per cent
in the past two years, and to make matters worse, “The Brass Check”
is exactly twice as long as “The Profits of Religion.” If this book were
published in the ordinary way, to be sold to book-stores, it would be
priced at $2.00, postage extra; or possibly even $2.50. Sold, as it is,
at $1.00, postpaid, it is an appeal to the conscience of every reader to
do his part in helping to get it widely distributed.
“The Profits of Religion” was practically boycotted by the
capitalist press of America. Just one newspaper, the “Chicago Daily
News,” reviewed it—or rather allowed me space in which to review it
myself. Just one religious publication, the “Churchman,” took the
trouble to ridicule it at length. Half a dozen others sneered at it in
brief paragraphs, and half a dozen newspapers did the same, and
that was all the publicity the book got, except in the radical press.
That this was a deliberate boycott, and not the fault of the book, is
something which I leave for my readers to assert.
“The Brass Check,” of course, will be treated in the same way. If
it gets any publicity, it will be only because of a libel suit or
something sensational. If the great mass of the people ever hear of
the book, it will be because you, the reader, do your part. If it seems
to you an honest book, and one which the public ought to know, get
busy. If you can afford it, order a number of copies and give them to
your friends. If you can’t afford that, make up a subscription list
among your friends. If you need to earn money, turn agent, and sell
the book among your neighbors, in the shop where you work, on the
road. If your experience is the same as mine, you will find nearly
everybody distrustful of Capitalist Journalism, and willing at least to
consider the truth about it.
POSTSCRIPT TO SECOND EDITION.—A letter from E. J. Costello, managing
editor of the “Federated Press”:
“Let me say in this very first sentence that the ‘Brass Check’ is the most
remarkable book that has ever been published in America. It is one that should, in
the quickest possible manner, be placed in the hands of every American who can
read, and read to every American who cannot read.
“I have been in this newspaper game for about twenty years, and I know from
my own experience that your story is the absolute truth. For dozens of the
incidents of ‘kept press’ rottenness I can cite counterparts. Your story of the
Associated Press is without doubt the most concise exposé on record of the
despicable methods which prevail in that organization.”
Mr. Costello goes on to tell me that he was for seven years a staff
correspondent and editor for the Associated Press. He was in charge of its Des
Moines bureau at the time I was trying to get out the truth from the Colorado coal
strike. One day there came through on the Associated Press wire instructions from
the New York office “that henceforth Upton Sinclair must be kept out of the Denver
office, and that no relations with him might be had by any employe of the Denver
bureau. I remember that my operator copied the message and brought it to me,
and that I determined to keep it for possible future reference.
“Within fifteen minutes after the message had been sent the chief operator at
Chicago asked the Des Moines operator if he had copied it, and on being informed
affirmatively he ordered the copy sent to Chicago. The operator asked me for the
message, but I declined to let him have it. I placed it in a locked compartment of
my desk, where it remained for several weeks, when one day it turned up missing. I
have never been able to ascertain just how it disappeared, but I am quite positive
that other keys fitted my desk, and that there was a reason for its disappearance. It
wasn’t so many months after this occurrence that I was ordered in to the Chicago
office, presumably because it was thought I would bear watching. My radical views
led finally, in 1916, to my leaving the Associated Press service entirely.
“Perhaps you have not heard that it was because of his efforts to do the square
thing by you in the Ammons matter that Rowsey was discharged by
Superintendent Cowles upon the orders of Melville E. Stone. Yet that was what was
currently reported in inner ‘A. P.’ circles at the time.”
Mr. Costello goes on to tell me that he left the Associated Press with his mind
made up as to what was to be his life’s work, “the establishment of a press
association which would represent the people who work, as against the eight or ten
millionaire publishers, who, through the ownership of Associated Press bonds,
outvote nearly 2,000 other members of the organization, and absolutely control
the channels through which the great public gets its poisoned news.”
The “Federated Press” had its inception at a convention of the Labor Party in
Chicago, November, 1919. It is a co-operative non-profit-making organization of
working class newspapers, and maintains an admirable service of vital news from
all over the world. It publishes a weekly four-page bulletin, which it will mail to you
for five dollars a year, and which you will find worth the price many times over.
The address of the “Federated Press” is 156 West Washington Street, Chicago,
Illinois.
A book which has been absolutely boycotted by the literary reviews
of America.
THE PROFITS OF RELIGION
By Upton Sinclair
A study of Supernaturalism as a Source of Income and a Shield to
Privilege; the first examination in any language of institutionalized
religion from the economic point of view. “Has the labour as well as
the merit of breaking virgin soil,” writes Joseph McCabe. The book
has had practically no advertising and only two or three reviews in
radical publications; yet forty thousand copies have been sold in the
first year.
From the Rev. John Haynes Holmes: “I must confess that it has fairly made
me writhe to read these pages, not because they are untrue or unfair, but on the
contrary, because I know them to be the real facts. I love the church as I love my
home, and therefore it is no pleasant experience to be made to face such a story as
this which you have told. It had to be done, however, and I am glad you have done
it, for my interest in the church, after all, is more or less incidental, whereas my
interest in religion is a fundamental thing.... Let me repeat again that I feel that
you have done us all a service in the writing of this book. Our churches today, like
those of ancient Palestine, are the abode of Pharisees and scribes. It is as spiritual
and helpful a thing now as it was in Jesus’ day for that fact to be revealed.”
From Luther Burbank: “No one has ever told ‘the truth, the whole truth, and
nothing but the truth’ more faithfully than Upton Sinclair in ‘The Profits of
Religion.’”
From Louis Untermeyer: “Let me add my quavering alto to the chorus of
applause of ‘The Profits of Religion.’ It is something more than a book—it is a
Work!”
315 pages. Single copy, paper, 50c postpaid; three copies, $1.20; ten
copies, $3.50. By freight collect, 25 copies or more at 30 cents per copy. Single
copy, cloth, $1.00 postpaid; three copies, .25; ten copies, $7.00. By freight
collect, 25 copies or more at 60 cents per copy.
JIMMIE HIGGINS
“Jimmie Higgins” is the fellow who does the hard work in the job of
waking up the workers. Jimmie hates war—all war—and fights
against it with heart and soul. But war comes, and Jimmie is drawn
into it, whether he will or no. He has many adventures—strikes, jails,
munitions explosions, draft-boards, army-camps, submarines and
battles. “Jimmie Higgins Goes to War” at last, and when he does he
holds back the German army and wins the battle of “Chatty Terry.”
But then they send him into Russia to fight the Bolsheviki, and there
“Jimmie Higgins Votes for Democracy.”
A picture of the American working-class movement during four
years of world-war; all wings of the movement, all the various
tendencies and clashing impulses are portrayed. Cloth, $1.00
postpaid.
From “the Candidate”: I have just finished reading the first installment of
“Jimmie Higgins” and I am delighted with it. It is the beginning of a great story, a
story that will be translated into many languages and be read by eager and
interested millions all over the world. I feel that your art will lend itself readily to
“Jimmie Higgins,” and that you will be at your best in placing this dear little
comrade where he belongs in the Socialist movement. The opening chapter of your
story proves that you know him intimately. So do I and I love him with all my
heart, even as you do. He has done more for me than I shall ever be able to do for
him. Almost anyone can be “The Candidate,” and almost anyone will do for a
speaker, but it takes the rarest of qualities to produce a “Jimmie Higgins.” You are
painting a superb portrait of our “Jimmie” and I congratulate you.
Eugene V. Debs.
From Mrs. Jack London: Jimmie Higgins is immense. He is real, and so are
the other characters. I’m sure you rather fancy Comrade Dr. Service! The
beginning of the narrative is delicious with an irresistible loving humor; and as a
change comes over it and the Big Medicine begins to work, one realizes by the light
of 1918, what you have undertaken to accomplish. The sure touch of your genius is
here, Upton Sinclair, and I wish Jack London might read and enjoy.
Charmian London.
From a Socialist Artist: Jimmie Higgins’ start is a master portrayal of that
character. I have been out so long on these lecture tours that I can appreciate the
picture. I am waiting to see how the story develops. It starts better than “King
Coal.”
Ryan Walker.
Price, cloth, $1.00 postpaid.
UPTON SINCLAIR—Pasadena, California
OTHER BOOKS BY UPTON SINCLAIR
KING COAL: a Novel of the Colorado coal country. Cloth,
$1.00.
“Clear, convincing, complete.”—Lincoln Steffens.
“I wish that every word of it could be burned deep into the heart
of every American.”—Adolph Germer.
THE CRY FOR JUSTICE: an Anthology of the
Literature of Social Protest, with an Introduction by Jack London,
who calls it “this humanist Holy-book.” Thirty-two illustrations, 891
pages, $1.50.
“It should rank with the very noblest works of all time. You
could scarcely have improved on its contents—it is remarkable in
variety and scope. Buoyant, but never blatant, powerful and
passionate, it has the spirit of a challenge and a battle cry.”—Louis
Untermeyer.
“You have marvelously covered the whole ground. The result is a
book that radicals of every shade have long been waiting for. You
have made one that every student of the world’s thought—economic,
philosophic, artistic—has to have.”—Reginald Wright Kauffman.
SYLVIA: a Novel of the Far South. Price $1.00.
SYLVIA’S MARRIAGE: a sequel. Price $1.00.
DAMAGED GOODS: a Novel made from the play by
Brieux. Cloth, $1.00; paper, 50 cents.
PLAYS OF PROTEST: four dramas. Price $1.00.
THE FASTING CURE: a study of the problem of
health. Price $1.00.
The above prices postpaid.
UPTON SINCLAIR—Pasadena, California
Welcome to our website – the perfect destination for book lovers and
knowledge seekers. We believe that every book holds a new world,
offering opportunities for learning, discovery, and personal growth.
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  • 1. Preschool Appropriate Practices Environment Curriculum and Development 4th Edition Beaty Solutions Manual download https://testbankmall.com/product/preschool-appropriate-practices- environment-curriculum-and-development-4th-edition-beaty- solutions-manual/ Find test banks or solution manuals at testbankmall.com today!
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  • 5. 9 Children’s spontaneous exploratory interactions with materials 2. The 3-M method for observing Observing and recording children’s interactions Making focused observation of specific child in learning centers Determining at what level child is interacting Recording child’s interaction level with materials on Child Interaction Form 3. Responding to individual children Giving child support, encouragement, and direction Making comments that reflect child’s actions
  • 6. 10 4. Becoming a facilitator of learning Serving as a behavior model Letting the environment do the teaching Show delight in what child is accomplishing RECOMMENDED ACTIVITIES 1. Small group presentations of end-of-chapter "Try It Yourself" activities. Class members sign up for one of five small groups and presentation date. a. Classroom floor plan: Make a large classroom floor plan for your program showing learning centers arranged according to ideas presented under “Locating and Spacing Learning Centers.” Present using overhead transparencies. b. Observe children at mastery level of interaction: Observe three children who seem to be at the mastery level of interaction with materials. Record on Child Interaction Forms (Figure 2–1) giving specific details. Also record evidence for their levels of social interactions. Present with handouts or PowerPoint. c. Observe children at meaning level of interaction: Observe and record three different examples of interaction at meaning level. Try to capture on paper or tape recorder conversations as well as actions. Also record evidence for social interactions. Present with handouts or Power- Point. d. Response for manipulative-level children: Report how you responded (or would respond) to three children at the manipulative level, giving details of your support for how they were interacting and any new materials you might suggest. Present with handouts. e. Response for mastery-level children: Report how you responded (or would respond) to three children at the mastery level, giving details of your support for how they were interacting and any new materials you might suggest. Present with handouts. 2. Field trips to observe two teachers: Observe an early childhood teacher in a self- directed learning environment and a teacher in a traditional early childhood classroom. How are their roles different? Refer to tasks of self- directed teachers in this chapter. Give details of how they handled similar situations. Present using handouts. 3. Montessori and Piaget: Research information on what Montessori and Piaget had to say about young children’s repetitive actions. Why did they think these actions were important in young children’s development? Report on handout giving sources, or show film.
  • 7. 11 4. Children’s social interactions: Research information on social interactions of children 3, 4, and 5. Be sure to include information from Parten, Kemple, or Corarso. How are these social interactions another important indicator of their development? Report on handout giving sources. 5. Levels of development: Make a chart showing the levels of development of six children in your classroom. Describe how you were able to determine each of these levels. Describe how you would set up activities in one or two of the learning centers to meet the needs of these children. What would your role be in these two centers? Present using overhead transparencies. 6. Group discussion on media and technology: Members of group should demonstrate how they would or would not use with children, digital cameras, TVs, cell phones, CD/cassette recorders, CD-ROMs, CDs, DVDs, whiteboards, and touch tablets, based on NAEYC recommendations for their appropriate use. 7. View Films: Have teams preview various DVDs or CD-ROMs on observation of children. Write up critiques. Show films in class and lead class discussion on what ideas they liked and why. DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 1. How is the role of the teacher in a self-directed learning environment different from that of a teacher in a traditional classroom? Which is better? 2. How can we meet the needs of each of the children in our classroom if they are all at different levels of development? Give examples. 3. How can our observations of children’s interactions with materials in our classroom help to determine their developmental levels? Give examples. 4. Why do you think both Montessori and Piaget believed that repetitive actions are important in a young child’s development? Do you agree? 5. As a behavior model for the children in your classroom, how should you act when children get out of control? Give examples. MULTIMEDIA RESOURCES FOR VIEWING AND PRESENTING Appropriate Curriculum for Young Children: The Role of the Teacher (DVD) from NAEYC (1-800-424-2460). Shows adults’ important roles in helping young children learn through play and child-initiated activities. 28 min.
  • 8. 12 Children at the Center (DVD) from Redleaf Press (1-800-423-8309). Reflective teachers shift their thinking and practice to be more authentically child-centered by reconsidering their environment, routine, materials, and curriculum. 24 min. Focused Observations: How to Observe Children for Assessment and Curriculum Planning (DVD) from Redleaf Press (1-800-423-8309). This film offers classroom-tested methods for observing that will help you assess children’s development and develop curriculum that addresses children’s capabilities. 74 min. Observation I: The Eyes Have It! (DVD) from Redleaf Press. Explores techniques in preschool settings to document children’s growth. 27 min. Setting the Stage (DVD) from Redleaf Press. Shows how children can be observed within the context of their play and culture. 24 min. Growing through Play (DVD) from Redleaf Press. Shows how Parten’s stages of play connect to the learning styles of children at different ages. Real footage of children at play. 30 min. RECOMMENDED READINGS Ahola, D. & Kovacik, A. (2007). Observing & Understanding Child Development: A Child Study Manual (+ CD-ROM). Clifton Park, NY: Thomson/Delmar Learning. Anderson, G. T. & Robinson, C. C. (2006). “Rethinking the dynamics of young children’s play.” Dimensions of Early Childhood 34(1), 11–16. Beaty, J. J. (2010). Observing Development of the Young Child. Columbus, OH: Pearson. Carter, D. & Curtis, M. (2011). Reflecting children’s lives. St. Paul, MN: Redleaf Press. Chatin-McNichols, J. (1992). The Montessori Controversy. Clifton Park, NY: Thomson/Delmar Learning. Corsaro, W. A. (2003). We’re friends, right? Inside kids’ culture. Washington, DC: Joseph Henry Press. Dombro, A. L., Jablon, J. R. & Stetson, C. (2011). Powerful interactions: How to connect with children to extend their learning. Washington, DC: NAEYC. Frost, J. L., Wortham, S.C. & Reifel, S. (2012). Play and child development. Columbus, OH: Pearson. Kemple, K. M. (2004). Let’s be friends: Peer competence and social inclusion in early childhood programs. New York: Teachers College Press.
  • 9. 13 McManis, L. D. an Gunnewig, S. B. (2012), “Finding the education in educational technology with early learners.” Young Children 76(3), 14-23. Parten, M. B. (1932). “Social participation among preschool children.” The Journal of Abnormal Social Psychology 27, 243–269. Piaget, J. (1962). Play, Dreams, and Imagination in Children. New York: Norton. Shifflet, R., Toledo, C., and Mattoon, C. (2012). “Touch tablet surprises.” Young Children, 76(3), 36-41. Vygotsky, J. S. (1978). Mind in Society: The Development of Psychological Processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Self-Evaluation Fill out form at end of Chapter 1.
  • 10. 14 CHILD INTERACTION FORM Child Observer Center Date CHILD INTERACTION FORM WITH MATERIALS Manipulation Level Actions/Words (Child moves materials around without using them as intended) Mastery Level Actions/Words (Child uses materials as intended, over and over) WITH OTHER CHILDREN Solitary Play Actions/Words (Child plays alone with materials) Parallel Play Actions/Words (Child plays next to others with same materials but not involved) Cooperative Play Actions/Words (Child plays together with others with same materials)
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  • 12. with the enemy—and without any hint that this mysterious “Paul” might be an imaginary person! If the second “Paul” letter had been found, that too would have been published in full, and the entire country would have read a story to the effect that both letters had come from Upton Sinclair, who was thus caught red-handed in a vile German conspiracy against his country! Maybe you are like my wife; maybe you never believed in the “frame-up.” But study this case, and see what else you can make of it. Ask yourself: How comes it that the raids of both the Federal agents and of the Los Angeles County officers are so precisely timed to the arrival of letters from a mysterious “Paul” whom nobody has ever seen? And how comes it that this mysterious “Paul” puts the name of Upton Sinclair on his envelope? If “Paul” is afraid to put his own name on the envelope, why does he not mail it without return address, as millions of letters are mailed every day? And why does he employ the words: “As I stated in the papers”—when he hasn’t stated anything whatever in the papers, and when Flowers must know he hasn’t stated anything? Is it not plain that some dark agency is here working behind the scenes, plotting to ruin Upton Sinclair, and “tipping off” both the Federal authorities and the county authorities at the precise critical moment? What is this agency? I do not know, and my lawyer, who takes this conspiracy very seriously, will not permit me to guess in public. But he admits my right to study these “Paul” letters, and to point out a peculiar bit of internal evidence. It would seem that this dark agency which is plotting to ruin Upton Sinclair is also interested in injuring the “Los Angeles Examiner.” The first “Paul” letter offers to supply Flowers with the names of more German papers, if he will insert a request in the personal columns of the “Examiner”; and the “Times” publishes this letter in full, calling particular attention to the damaging mention of the “Examiner.” Day after day the “Times” is attacking the “Examiner,” calling it a pro-German sheet; and here is a German conspirator using this pro-German sheet as a medium for his schemes! The above is what is done to me before this book comes out. What will be done after my enemies have actually read the book, I cannot imagine. All I can do is to repeat my warning to you. Twenty years ago old “One-hoss” Wayland told me he had made it the rule of
  • 13. his life never to write a letter that he would not publish in the “Appeal to Reason.” And that is the principle upon which I have always carried on my propaganda. I have no secrets. What I have to say is said once a week in a full page of the “Appeal,” and the opposition to violence and conspiracy in the class struggle which I there write in public I advocate just as vigorously in private, and all my friends know it. So, if at any time you read that a carload of dynamite bombs has been found in my home, or that I have been carrying on a cipher correspondence with some foreign assassins, or that I have poisoned my wife and eloped with a chorus girl, or that I have taken a job on the “Los Angeles Times”—please go back and read this warning, and understand what is being done to both of us.
  • 14. CONCLUSION When I first talked over this book with my wife, she gave me a bit of advice: “Give your facts first, and then call your names.” So throughout this book I have not laid much stress on the book’s title. Perhaps you are wondering just where the title comes in! What is the Brass Check? The Brass Check is found in your pay- envelope every week—you who write and print and distribute our newspapers and magazines. The Brass Check is the price of your shame—you who take the fair body of truth and sell it in the market- place, who betray the virgin hopes of mankind into the loathsome brothel of Big Business. And down in the counting-room below sits the “madame” who profits by your shame; unless, perchance, she is off at Palm Beach or Newport, flaunting her jewels and her feathers. Please do not think that I am just slinging ugly words. Off and on for years I have thought about this book, and figured over the title, and what it means; I assert that the Brass Check which serves in the house of ill-fame as “the price of a woman’s shame” is, both in its moral implications and in its social effect, precisely and identically the same as the gold and silver coins and pieces of written paper that are found every week in the pay-envelopes of those who write and print and distribute capitalist publications. The prostitution of the body is a fearful thing. The young girl, trembling with a strange emotion of which she does not know the meaning, innocent, confiding and tender, is torn from her home and started on a road to ruin and despair. The lad, seeking his mate and the fulfilment of his destiny, sees the woman of his dreams turn into a foul harpy, bearer of pestilence and death. Nature, sumptuous, magnificent, loving life, cries: “Give me children!” And the answer comes: “We give you running sores and bursting glands, rotting lips and festering noses, swollen heads and crooked joints, idiot
  • 15. gabblings and maniac shrieks, pistols to blow out your brains and poisons to still your agonies.” Such is the prostitution of the body. But what of the mind? The mind is master of the body, and commands what the body shall do and what it shall become; therefore, always, the prostitution of the mind precedes and causes the prostitution of the body. Youth cries: “Life is beautiful, joyous! Give me light, that I may keep my path!” The answer comes: “Here is darkness, that you may stumble, and beat your face upon the stones!” Youth cries: “Give me Hope.” The answer comes: “Here is Cynicism.” Youth cries: “Give me understanding, that I may live in harmony with my fellow-men.” The answer comes: “Here are lies about your fellow-men, that you may hate them, that you may cheat them, that you may live among them as a wolf among wolves!” Such is the prostitution of the mind. When I planned this book I had in mind a sub-title: “A Study of the Whore of Journalism.” A shocking sub-title; but then, I was quoting the Bible, and the Bible is the inspired word of God. It was surely one of God’s prophets who wrote this invitation to the reading of “The Brass Check”: Come hither; I will shew unto thee the judgment of the great whore that sitteth upon many waters; With whom the kings of the earth have committed fornication, and the inhabitants of the earth have been made drunk with the wine of her fornication. For eighteen hundred years men have sought to probe the vision of that aged seer on the lonely isle of Patmos. Listen to his strange words: So he carried me away in the spirit into the wilderness: and I saw a woman sit upon a scarlet colored beast, full of names of blasphemy, having seven heads and ten horns. And the woman was arrayed in purple and scarlet color, and decked with gold and precious stones and pearls, having a golden cup in her hands full of abominations and filthiness of her fornication: And upon her forehead was a name written, MYSTERY, BABYLON THE GREAT, THE MOTHER OF HARLOTS AND ABOMINATIONS OF THE EARTH. Now, surely, this mystery is a mystery no longer! Now we know what the seer of Patmos was foreseeing—Capitalist Journalism! And when I call upon you, class-conscious workers of hand and brain, to organize and destroy this mother of all iniquities, I do not have to depart from the language of the ancient scriptures. I say to you in the words of the prophet Ezekiel:
  • 16. So the spirit took me up, and brought me into the inner court; and behold, the glory of the Lord filled the house. And I heard him speaking unto me out of the house: Now let them put away their whoredom, and the carcases of their kings, far from me, and I will dwell in the midst of them forever.
  • 17. A PRACTICAL PROGRAM As I am about to send this book to press, I take one last look at the world around me. Half a million coal-miners have struck, a court injunction has forced the leaders to call off the strike, the miners are refusing to obey their leaders—and the newspapers of the entire United States are concealing the facts. For a week it has been impossible for me to learn, except from vague hints, what is happening in the coal-strike. And at the same time, because of false newspaper stories from Centralia, Washington, a “white terror” reigns in the entire West, and thousands of radicals are beaten, jailed, and shot. I have pleaded and labored long to avoid a violent revolution in America; I intend to go on pleading and laboring to the last hour. I know that thousands of my readers will, like myself, be desperately anxious for something they can do. I decided to work out a plan of action; something definite, practical, and immediate. I propose that we shall found and endow a weekly publication of truth-telling, to be known as “The National News.” This publication will carry no advertisements and no editorials. It will not be a journal of opinion, but a record of events pure and simple. It will be published on ordinary newsprint paper, and in the cheapest possible form. It will have one purpose and one only, to give to the American people once every week the truth about the world’s events. It will be strictly and absolutely nonpartisan, and never the propaganda organ of any cause. It will watch the country, and see where lies are being circulated and truth suppressed; its job will be to nail the lies, and bring the truth into the light of day. I believe that a sufficient number of Americans are awake to the dishonesty of our press to build up for such a paper a circulation of a million inside of a year. Let me say at the outset that I am not looking for a job. I have my work, and it isn’t editing a newspaper; nor do I judge myself
  • 18. capable of that rigid impartiality which such an enterprise would require. It is my idea that control of the paper should be vested in a board of directors, composed of twenty or thirty men and women of all creeds and causes, who have proven by their life-time records that they believe in fair play. By way of illustration, I will indicate my idea of such a board: Allan Benson, Alice Stone Blackwell, Harriet Stanton Blatch, Arthur Bullard, William C. Bullitt, Herbert Croly, Max Eastman, William Hard, Mrs. J. Borden Harriman, Rev. John Haynes Holmes, Hamilton Holt, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Paul Kellogg, Amos Pinchot, Charles Edward Russell, Lincoln Steffens, J. G. Phelps Stokes, Ida Tarbell, Col. William Boyce Thompson, Samuel Untermyer, Frank A. Vanderlip, Oswald Garrison Villard, Rabbi Stephen S. Wise. The above list is confined to men and women who live in or near New York, and who therefore could attend directors’ meetings, and not be merely “dummies.” You will note that the list contains some practical publishers and editors; it contains Socialists and anti- Socialists, pro-Bolsheviks and anti-Bolsheviks, radicals and liberals of all shades. In addition I would like to provide for a number of directors to be appointed by various organized groups in the country: one representative each from the Nonpartisan League, The American Federation of Labor, the National Teachers’ Federation, the Federation of Catholic Societies, the Federation of Protestant Churches, the Federation of Women’s Clubs, etc. The members thus named should not be sufficient in number to control the publication, for it is obvious in common sense that control must rest with the stockholders who have founded and made possible the paper. But these various groups should have a voice on the board, for the purpose of criticizing the publication and holding it rigidly to its declared policy, “the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth.” It should be provided that each director has the right to a column twice a year in the publication, in which to state any criticism of its policy which he may have; also that any five directors have the right once a month to insert a column pointing out what they consider failure of the paper to live up to its professed standards. There should be a directors’ meeting in New York City once every month, and all these meetings should be open to representatives of
  • 19. the press; the editorial staff should be present, and answer all criticisms and explain their policy. Unless I am mistaken, this would result in making “National News” in another sense; the capitalist press would be forced to discuss the paper, and to advertise it. I picture a publication of sixty-four pages, size nine inches by twelve, with three columns of ordinary newspaper type. The paper will have special correspondents in several of the big cities, and in the principal capitals of Europe, and will publish telegraphic news from these correspondents. It will obtain the names of reliable men in cities and towns throughout America, and in case of emergency it can telegraph, say to Denver, ordering five hundred words about the Ludlow massacre, or to Spokane, ordering the truth about the Centralia fight. The editor of the “National News” will sit in a watch- tower with the world spread before him; thousands of volunteers will act as his eyes, they will send him letters or telegrams with news. He and his staff will consider it all according to one criterion: Is the truth being hidden here? Is this something the American people ought to know? If so, the editor will send a trusted man to get the story, and when he has made certain of the facts he will publish them, regardless of what is injured, the Steel Trust or the I. W. W., the Standard Oil Company or the Socialist Party—even the “National News” itself. Our editor will not give much space to the news that all other papers publish. The big story for him will be what the other papers let alone. He will employ trained investigators, and set them to work for a week, or maybe for several months, getting the facts about the lobby of the Beef Trust in Washington, the control of our public schools in the interest of militarism, the problem of who is paying the expenses of the American railway mission in Siberia. Needless to say, the capitalist press will provide the “National News” with a complete monopoly of this sort of work. Also it will provide the paper with many deliberate falsehoods to be nailed. When this is done, groups of truth-loving people will buy these papers by the thousands, and blue-pencil and distribute them. So the “National News” will grow, and the “kept” press will be moved by the only force it recognizes—loss of money. There are in America millions of people who could not be persuaded to read a Socialist paper, or a labor paper, or a single tax
  • 20. paper; but there are very few who could not be persuaded to read a paper that gives the news and proves by continuous open discussion that it really does believe in “the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth.” I do not think I am too optimistic when I say that such a publication, with a million circulation, would change the whole tone of American public life. What would such a paper cost? To be published without advertisements, it would have to charge a high subscription price, two dollars a year at least; and there are not enough who will subscribe to a paper at that price. It would be better for the people to go without shoes than without truth, but the people do not know this, and so continue to spend their money for shoes. If the “National News” is to succeed, the few who do realize the emergency must pay more than their share; in other words, the paper must have a subsidy, and the subsidy must be large enough to make success certain—otherwise, of course, no one ought to give anything. I have telegraphed to publishers of liberal sympathies in the East, and present herewith the following estimate of the cost of launching and maintaining the “National News”: Weekly cost on basis of half million circulation: Editorial, overhead and paid matter, $1,000; paper, composition and printing, $9,000; addressing and mailing, $1,000; stencil list, $1,000; postage, $1,250; telegraph 50; business and circulation, $500; total, $14,000 per week, $728,000 per year. The above is figured, as requested, on 64 page paper, size nine by twelve. Such work has to be done in a job plant and is more expensive. By making 32 pages, size twelve by eighteen, the cost could be cut to $650,000 per year. Income on basis of 500,000 circulation, three-fifths consisting of paid subscriptions at one dollar per year, and two-fifths of news-stand sales at five cents per copy retail, three cents wholesale: $612,000. Deficit to be made up by subsidy, $116,000. Deficit on larger size, $38,000. On basis of one million circulation, cost in smaller size will be $1,300,000; income will be $1,224,000; deficit, $76,000. On the larger size there would be no deficit. It is recommended that no definite policy as to advertising be fixed in preliminary stages, but the matter left to the directing board. There is a great deal of advertising, relating to books, liberal organizations and political movements, which adds to the interest of a publication; also there is some commercial advertising which would not seek to control policy. A definite declaration contained in advertising contracts, to the effect that the contract carries no expectation of editorial favors, and rigid adherence to this principle should suffice.
  • 21. The deficits here figured would be covered by one or two pages of advertising per week, so it is not necessary to figure a permanent deficit on the paper. The income from subscriptions has been figured without agents’ commissions and premiums, on the understanding that the paper will rely on volunteer labor for canvassing. For the same reason the sum of one hundred thousand dollars may be set as the maximum cost of establishing the paper. The above represents the combined views of three different persons, all qualified experts. As suggested, I will leave the questions of detail to be worked out by the governing board. It appears that we may have an honest paper if we will give one hundred thousand dollars in cash, and will pledge, say thirty thousand dollars a year for two years to cover a possible deficit. Such are the figures. I believe that this amount of money can be raised, and I purpose to set out and raise it. To every reader of this book I say: Will you help, and if so, how much? Presumably nobody will want to cut out a page from a book, so I will not print a stock subscription blank. I ask that you write me a letter as follows: Upton Sinclair, Pasadena, California: Assuming that you are able to raise the total necessary endowment fund and permanent annual subsidy for the “National News,” and that you name an organization committee satisfactory to us, we, the undersigned, agree to contribute to the project as follows: Then give, in vertical columns, names; addresses; the number of subscribers that each signer undertakes to obtain, on a basis of not more than one dollar per year; the amount of money that each signer will contribute to the endowment fund; the amount that each will contribute each year to make up the permanent deficit. Please do not send money for the paper. I will let you know when I reach that stage, and meantime I do not want the responsibility of keeping money. If you are enough interested in the plan to care to help in advertising it, printing circulars and soliciting pledges from people of means, I will be glad to receive such money and to account for it. If I succeed in raising the necessary sum, I will name an organization committee, and have a charter prepared, and submit the whole matter to you for endorsement. Sometimes people criticize my books as being “destructive.” Well, here is a book with a constructive ending. Here is something to
  • 22. be done; something definite, practical, and immediate. Here is a challenge to every lover of truth and fair dealing in America to get busy and help create an open forum through which our people may get the truth about their affairs, and be able to settle their industrial problems without bloodshed and waste. Will you do your share?
  • 23. PUBLISHER’S NOTE Two years ago I finished “The Profits of Religion,” and offered it to publishers. They said it could not be sold; no book on religion could be sold, it was the deadest subject in the world. I believed that “The Profits of Religion” could be sold, and I published it myself. In less than a year I have sold forty thousand copies, and am still selling them. One reason, of course, is the low price. Everybody told me that a book could not be published at that price. I would report on the figures if I could, but I gave the book as a premium for my magazine, and never made any attempt to separate the two ventures. All that I can report is that since February, 1918, when I started the magazine, I have taken in for magazines and books a total of $14,269, and I have paid out for printing, postage, labor and advertising, a total of $20,995. This deficit represents some two hundred thousand magazines sent out free for propaganda purposes; the deficit was made up by donations from friends, so it cost me nothing but my time, which I gladly gave. And I am willing to give it again; I can’t expect either royalty as author or profit as publisher from “The Brass Check.” The cost of book manufacturing has increased fifty per cent in the past two years, and to make matters worse, “The Brass Check” is exactly twice as long as “The Profits of Religion.” If this book were published in the ordinary way, to be sold to book-stores, it would be priced at $2.00, postage extra; or possibly even $2.50. Sold, as it is, at $1.00, postpaid, it is an appeal to the conscience of every reader to do his part in helping to get it widely distributed. “The Profits of Religion” was practically boycotted by the capitalist press of America. Just one newspaper, the “Chicago Daily News,” reviewed it—or rather allowed me space in which to review it myself. Just one religious publication, the “Churchman,” took the trouble to ridicule it at length. Half a dozen others sneered at it in
  • 24. brief paragraphs, and half a dozen newspapers did the same, and that was all the publicity the book got, except in the radical press. That this was a deliberate boycott, and not the fault of the book, is something which I leave for my readers to assert. “The Brass Check,” of course, will be treated in the same way. If it gets any publicity, it will be only because of a libel suit or something sensational. If the great mass of the people ever hear of the book, it will be because you, the reader, do your part. If it seems to you an honest book, and one which the public ought to know, get busy. If you can afford it, order a number of copies and give them to your friends. If you can’t afford that, make up a subscription list among your friends. If you need to earn money, turn agent, and sell the book among your neighbors, in the shop where you work, on the road. If your experience is the same as mine, you will find nearly everybody distrustful of Capitalist Journalism, and willing at least to consider the truth about it. POSTSCRIPT TO SECOND EDITION.—A letter from E. J. Costello, managing editor of the “Federated Press”: “Let me say in this very first sentence that the ‘Brass Check’ is the most remarkable book that has ever been published in America. It is one that should, in the quickest possible manner, be placed in the hands of every American who can read, and read to every American who cannot read. “I have been in this newspaper game for about twenty years, and I know from my own experience that your story is the absolute truth. For dozens of the incidents of ‘kept press’ rottenness I can cite counterparts. Your story of the Associated Press is without doubt the most concise exposé on record of the despicable methods which prevail in that organization.” Mr. Costello goes on to tell me that he was for seven years a staff correspondent and editor for the Associated Press. He was in charge of its Des Moines bureau at the time I was trying to get out the truth from the Colorado coal strike. One day there came through on the Associated Press wire instructions from the New York office “that henceforth Upton Sinclair must be kept out of the Denver office, and that no relations with him might be had by any employe of the Denver bureau. I remember that my operator copied the message and brought it to me, and that I determined to keep it for possible future reference. “Within fifteen minutes after the message had been sent the chief operator at Chicago asked the Des Moines operator if he had copied it, and on being informed affirmatively he ordered the copy sent to Chicago. The operator asked me for the message, but I declined to let him have it. I placed it in a locked compartment of my desk, where it remained for several weeks, when one day it turned up missing. I have never been able to ascertain just how it disappeared, but I am quite positive
  • 25. that other keys fitted my desk, and that there was a reason for its disappearance. It wasn’t so many months after this occurrence that I was ordered in to the Chicago office, presumably because it was thought I would bear watching. My radical views led finally, in 1916, to my leaving the Associated Press service entirely. “Perhaps you have not heard that it was because of his efforts to do the square thing by you in the Ammons matter that Rowsey was discharged by Superintendent Cowles upon the orders of Melville E. Stone. Yet that was what was currently reported in inner ‘A. P.’ circles at the time.” Mr. Costello goes on to tell me that he left the Associated Press with his mind made up as to what was to be his life’s work, “the establishment of a press association which would represent the people who work, as against the eight or ten millionaire publishers, who, through the ownership of Associated Press bonds, outvote nearly 2,000 other members of the organization, and absolutely control the channels through which the great public gets its poisoned news.” The “Federated Press” had its inception at a convention of the Labor Party in Chicago, November, 1919. It is a co-operative non-profit-making organization of working class newspapers, and maintains an admirable service of vital news from all over the world. It publishes a weekly four-page bulletin, which it will mail to you for five dollars a year, and which you will find worth the price many times over. The address of the “Federated Press” is 156 West Washington Street, Chicago, Illinois.
  • 26. A book which has been absolutely boycotted by the literary reviews of America.
  • 27. THE PROFITS OF RELIGION By Upton Sinclair A study of Supernaturalism as a Source of Income and a Shield to Privilege; the first examination in any language of institutionalized religion from the economic point of view. “Has the labour as well as the merit of breaking virgin soil,” writes Joseph McCabe. The book has had practically no advertising and only two or three reviews in radical publications; yet forty thousand copies have been sold in the first year. From the Rev. John Haynes Holmes: “I must confess that it has fairly made me writhe to read these pages, not because they are untrue or unfair, but on the contrary, because I know them to be the real facts. I love the church as I love my home, and therefore it is no pleasant experience to be made to face such a story as this which you have told. It had to be done, however, and I am glad you have done it, for my interest in the church, after all, is more or less incidental, whereas my interest in religion is a fundamental thing.... Let me repeat again that I feel that you have done us all a service in the writing of this book. Our churches today, like those of ancient Palestine, are the abode of Pharisees and scribes. It is as spiritual and helpful a thing now as it was in Jesus’ day for that fact to be revealed.” From Luther Burbank: “No one has ever told ‘the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth’ more faithfully than Upton Sinclair in ‘The Profits of Religion.’” From Louis Untermeyer: “Let me add my quavering alto to the chorus of applause of ‘The Profits of Religion.’ It is something more than a book—it is a Work!” 315 pages. Single copy, paper, 50c postpaid; three copies, $1.20; ten copies, $3.50. By freight collect, 25 copies or more at 30 cents per copy. Single copy, cloth, $1.00 postpaid; three copies, .25; ten copies, $7.00. By freight collect, 25 copies or more at 60 cents per copy.
  • 28. JIMMIE HIGGINS “Jimmie Higgins” is the fellow who does the hard work in the job of waking up the workers. Jimmie hates war—all war—and fights against it with heart and soul. But war comes, and Jimmie is drawn into it, whether he will or no. He has many adventures—strikes, jails, munitions explosions, draft-boards, army-camps, submarines and battles. “Jimmie Higgins Goes to War” at last, and when he does he holds back the German army and wins the battle of “Chatty Terry.” But then they send him into Russia to fight the Bolsheviki, and there “Jimmie Higgins Votes for Democracy.” A picture of the American working-class movement during four years of world-war; all wings of the movement, all the various tendencies and clashing impulses are portrayed. Cloth, $1.00 postpaid. From “the Candidate”: I have just finished reading the first installment of “Jimmie Higgins” and I am delighted with it. It is the beginning of a great story, a story that will be translated into many languages and be read by eager and interested millions all over the world. I feel that your art will lend itself readily to “Jimmie Higgins,” and that you will be at your best in placing this dear little comrade where he belongs in the Socialist movement. The opening chapter of your story proves that you know him intimately. So do I and I love him with all my heart, even as you do. He has done more for me than I shall ever be able to do for him. Almost anyone can be “The Candidate,” and almost anyone will do for a speaker, but it takes the rarest of qualities to produce a “Jimmie Higgins.” You are painting a superb portrait of our “Jimmie” and I congratulate you. Eugene V. Debs. From Mrs. Jack London: Jimmie Higgins is immense. He is real, and so are the other characters. I’m sure you rather fancy Comrade Dr. Service! The beginning of the narrative is delicious with an irresistible loving humor; and as a change comes over it and the Big Medicine begins to work, one realizes by the light of 1918, what you have undertaken to accomplish. The sure touch of your genius is here, Upton Sinclair, and I wish Jack London might read and enjoy. Charmian London.
  • 29. From a Socialist Artist: Jimmie Higgins’ start is a master portrayal of that character. I have been out so long on these lecture tours that I can appreciate the picture. I am waiting to see how the story develops. It starts better than “King Coal.” Ryan Walker. Price, cloth, $1.00 postpaid. UPTON SINCLAIR—Pasadena, California
  • 30. OTHER BOOKS BY UPTON SINCLAIR KING COAL: a Novel of the Colorado coal country. Cloth, $1.00. “Clear, convincing, complete.”—Lincoln Steffens. “I wish that every word of it could be burned deep into the heart of every American.”—Adolph Germer. THE CRY FOR JUSTICE: an Anthology of the Literature of Social Protest, with an Introduction by Jack London, who calls it “this humanist Holy-book.” Thirty-two illustrations, 891 pages, $1.50. “It should rank with the very noblest works of all time. You could scarcely have improved on its contents—it is remarkable in variety and scope. Buoyant, but never blatant, powerful and passionate, it has the spirit of a challenge and a battle cry.”—Louis Untermeyer. “You have marvelously covered the whole ground. The result is a book that radicals of every shade have long been waiting for. You have made one that every student of the world’s thought—economic, philosophic, artistic—has to have.”—Reginald Wright Kauffman. SYLVIA: a Novel of the Far South. Price $1.00. SYLVIA’S MARRIAGE: a sequel. Price $1.00. DAMAGED GOODS: a Novel made from the play by Brieux. Cloth, $1.00; paper, 50 cents. PLAYS OF PROTEST: four dramas. Price $1.00. THE FASTING CURE: a study of the problem of health. Price $1.00.
  • 31. The above prices postpaid. UPTON SINCLAIR—Pasadena, California
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