Present and future applications of biomaterials in controlled drug delivery system
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This document discusses biomaterials and their application in controlled drug delivery systems. It begins by defining biomaterials as materials used for medical applications that can have benign or bioactive functions. Common examples are given. The document then discusses how biomaterials are used in various medical fields like cardiovascular devices, orthopedics, ophthalmology, drug delivery systems and more. It explores the safety of biomaterials and regulatory guidelines. The document outlines future prospects for biomaterials including uses in skin regeneration, gold nanoparticles, and ceramic nanoparticles. Applications in diseases and as drug delivery systems are summarized.
Present and future applications of biomaterials in controlled drug delivery system
- 1. APPLICATION & SCOPE OF BIOMATERIAL IN CONTROLLED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM PRESENTED BY: STEFFI THOMAS M.PHARM (PHARMACEUTICS), 1ST SEM DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACY, BARKATULLAH UNIVERSITY
- 2. CONTENTS WHAT ARE BIOMATERIALS APPLICATION IN PHARMACY SAFETY OF BIOMATERIALS BIOMATERIAL USED AS AN ADJUVANT IN DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM BIOMATERIAL AS ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL AGENT SOURCES OF BIOMATERIALS REGULATORY GUIDELINES FOR BIOMATERIALS FUTURE PROSPECTS OF BIOMATERIALS APPLICATIONS IN DISEASES APPLICATIONS AS DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
- 3. WHAT ARE BIOMATERIALS? Biomaterial is essentially a material that is used and adopted for a medical application. Biomaterials can have a benign function such as being used for a heart valve, or may be bioactive; used for more interactive purpose such as hydroxy-apatite coated hip implants. Biomaterials are also used everyday in dental application, surgery and drug delivery. Eg. Intra ocular lens, substitute heart valves, artificial hip joints
- 4. APPLICATION IN PHARMACY Cardiovascular medical devices(stents, grafts and etc.) Orthopaedic and Dental applications(implant, tissue engineered scaffolds and etc.) Ophthalmology applications(contact lens, retinal prosthesis and etc.) Bioelectrodes and Biosensors Burns Dressings and Skin substitutes Sutures Drug Delivery Systems
- 5. SAFETY OF BIOMATERIALS Biomaterials are non-viable materials that can be implanted to replace or repair missing tissue. They may be of natural origin or synthesized in a lab. When used in a medical application, biomaterials can be implanted to replace or repair missing tissue. Biomaterials, such as bone substitutes and collagen membranes, are used regularly in regenerative dentistry as well as for bone and cartilage regeneration in Orthopedics
- 6. All Geistlich Biomaterials are derived from natural bovine or porcine material and have been developed to promote new bone or soft tissue formation. Due to their similarity to human tissue these material are optimally suited to promote new bone formation and soft tissue healing in the human body. They are integrated into the tissue in the course of healing process,or are broken down gradually by the body’s metabolic process.
- 7. BIOMATERIALS USED AS AN ADJUVANT IN DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS ‘Drug delivery’ involves the design and development of intelligent cargo carrier systems that can deliver their cargo (pharmaceutical/ biological agent) to specific parts (organs/tissues/cells) in the human body on demand with control on the rate of delivery. Cargo-small molecules,DNA,RNA,Protein/peptide Vehicle/Carrier-Polymeric,Lipid,Inorganic
- 9. Controlled Drug Release in Colon -For treatment of colon diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, amoebic dysentery, Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. -To delay drug absorption after oral intake of the drug. -Protect drugs from harsh acidic environment Targeted Drug delivery -In Cancer a need for drug targeting is done so as to reduce side effects when drugs are selectively targeted to tumor tissue rather than administered systemically.
- 10. -Targeting Drugs to Endothelial Cells as these cells play a crucial role in tumor development. Tumor survival is highly dependent on blood vessels which are comprised of endothelial cells.
- 11. ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL AGENT Biomaterials also refer to biologically-derived materials used for their structural rather than biological properties, for example, collagen (a protein found in the skin, connective tissues and bone) as a cosmetic ingredient. Also carbohydrates(biotechnologically modified) are being used as lubricants for biomedical applications and as bulking agents in pharmaceutical dosage form. Micro-organisms have proven to be an excellent source of natural products including polyketides and peptide antibiotics as well as classes of other biological active compounds.
- 12. Plants produce a variety of different types of compounds including biologically active proteins. Some of these types of compounds are even shared with other organisms, and they include such chemical families as lactines, defensins, cyclotides and ribosome inactive proteins. Ribosome inactive proteins are a group of proteins exhibiting a wide spectrum of biological activities, including a ribonucleolytic activity for which the group is named. Thionins are small proteins that selectively form disulfide bridges with other proteins or form ion channels in membrane. This ability to make membrane more permeable suggests the
- 13. SOURCES OF BIOMATERIALS Biomaterials can be divided into 4 major classes of materials, namely: 1. Polymers 2. Metals 3. Ceramics(including carbon, glass-ceramics, and glasses) 4. Natural materials( those from both plants and animals, algae, microorganisms)
- 14. REGULATORY GUIDELINES FOR BIOMATERIALS Regulatory experts should be involved in basic research activities undertaken by consortia so as to raise awareness of the research decision implications in terms of regulatory path. Regulation should not be looked in isolation but as a factor contributing to the acceptability of the products containing smart biomaterials by the health care system. The requirements for evidence of safety and efficacy don’t only come from regulators but also from the end users and payers.
- 15. CENTER FOR DEVICES AND RADIOLOGICAL HEALTH(CDRH) ‘promotes’ and ‘protects’ the health of the public by ensuring the safety and effectiveness of medical devices and the safety of radiological products. CDRH regulate devices, not materials and medical procedures
- 16. FUTURE PROSPECTS OF BIOMATERIALS SKIN TISSUE REGENERATION:In the field of regenerative skin tissue engineering has had several advancements to facilitate faster wound healing and thereby restoration of skin. Skin tissue regeneration is mainly based on the use of suitable scaffold matrices. There are several scaffold types, such as porous, fibrous, microsphere, hydrogel, composite and acellular etc.
- 17. GOLD NANOPARTICLES: These are spherical particles,nanorods,nanoshells and nanocages. Gold nanoparticles due to their enhanced and tunable optical properties have been used for drug delivery, photothermal therapy, cell tracking and sensing applications. This can be thus used for tumor diagnostic and treatment applications. CERAMIC NANOPARTICLES: Ceramic nanoparticles which include alumina, zirconia, hydroxyapatite tricalcium phosphate and silicon nitride can be used for dental implants, hip replacements and tissue engineering scaffolds.
- 18. APPLICATIONS IN DISEASES EYE DISEASES: for the treatment of scleratis (sclera), glaucoma (retina), choroidal melanoma (choroid), diabetic retinopathy (retina), blindness, low vision by crossing tissue barriers. eg.contact lenses(poly(methyl methacrylate), silicone hydrogels) ,glaucoma(silicone impregnated with barium), vitreous replacements(silicone oil)
- 19. CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES: Heart valves, endovascular stents, vascular grafts, stent grafts are common medical devices. Different polymers and metals with or without coating can be applied such as titanium, polytetrafluoroethylene etc. BIOSENSORS AND BIOELECTRODES: Bioelectrodes are sensors used to transmit information into or out of the body. Surface or transcutaneous electrodes used to monitor or measure electrical events that occur in the body are considered monitoring or recording electrodes. Applications for recording electrodes include electrocardiography,
- 20. Biosensor is a sensor that uses biological molecules, tissues, organisms or principles to measure chemical or biochemical concentrations. Biomedical sensors can be used to detect parameters: blood pressure or temperature(physical parameters), blood glucose. DENTAL MATERIALS: Restorative materials have been used as tooth crowns and root replacements. Four group of materials used in dentistry are metals, ceramics, polymers and composites. Dental materials are classified into two categories:-preventive materials, restoration materials.
- 21. APPLICATIONS AS DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS Drug delivery systems introduced as formulations or instruments which enable to control he release rate of a biological agent(a drug) in the target site. By increasing the size the dosage in single dose administration, side effects would appear so in order to reduce them coatings with varying thickness, are applied. Such formulations are termed as “sustained release” or “prolonged release” products.
- 22. Macroscale DDS(“zero order” constant delivery rate DDS). -implants(e.g. Subcutaneous or intramuscular) -inserts(e.g. vaginal,ophthalmic) -topical DDS(e.g. skin patches) Nanoscale DDS(targeted DDS) -injected nanocarrier DDS(e.g. PEGylated drugs, polymer-drug conjugates, PEGylated liposomes, PEGylated polymeric micelles) Macroscale and microscale DDS(site-specific, sustained delivery rate DDS) -Surface-coated DDS(e.g. oral tablets, catheters, drug- eluting stents)
- 23. REFERENCES Lemons JE, Ratner BD, Hoffman AS, Schoen FJ (2013) Biomaterials science an introduction to materials in medicine, 3rd edn. Elsevier Ltd, Amsterdam. Anusavice KJ(2003) Phillips’ science of dental materials. Elsevier health sciences. www.cse.iitk.ac.in /-manindra / Website /... /MFT-08-Dhirendra Katti.ppt.pdf Stikeman A.;Nano Biomaterials. Technology Review November 2002
- 24. THANKS