Present and Past Simple and Continuous for Spanish Learners.
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This document provides information on English grammar tenses including the present simple, present continuous, past simple, and past continuous. It outlines the structure, examples, and usage of affirmative, negative and question forms for each tense. Key points include how verbs are conjugated for third person subjects and irregular verb forms in the past simple tense. The explanations discuss when to use each tense to express habitual present actions, ongoing actions, completed past actions and past ongoing actions.
Present and Past Simple and Continuous for Spanish Learners.
- 2. PRESENT SIMPLE AFFIRMATIVE FORM: STRUCTURE: SUBJECT +VERB (infinitive) +OBJECT + etc. sujeto + verbo simple + objeto REMEMBER!!!: Verbs for the 3rd person in English are ALWAYS different. In the present simple, we just add an S to the verb in infinitive. EXAMPLE: I + do + my homework + every night. She + dances +hip hop +in a dance school. We + are +very different. Our sch0ol + has +lots of classes. Going on a picnic + is +something exciting. EXPLANATION: El presente simple es la estructura que utilizamos para expresar cosas que hacemos a diario o con frecuencia, con costumbre. También lo podemos utilizar para expresar opiniones fijas sobre algo (ej.: “going on a picnic is something exciting”), opiniones que no cambian y son estables.
- 3. PRESENT SIMPLE NEGATIVE FORM: STRUCTURE: SUBJECT+ AUXILIARY VERB (do) + NOT + VERB (infinitive) + OBJECT sujeto + verbo auxiliar DO + NOT + verbo en infinitivo + objeto EXCEPTION: In the verb to be, the negative form NOT goes with the main verb. (ex.: I’m not Sara). REMEMBER!!!: Verbs for the 3rd person in English are ALWAYS different. In the present simple, we just add an S to the auxiliary verb (DODOES). EXAMPLE: I + do + not + do + my homework + every night. She +does + not +dance +hip hop +in a dance school. We +are +not +so different.
- 4. PRESENT SIMPLE QUESTIONS: STRUCTURE: AUXILIARY VERB (do) + SUBJECT + VERB (infinitive) + OBJECT? verbo auxiliar DO + sujeto + verbo en infinitivo + objeto? EXCEPTION: In the verb to be, the question form is different. Instead of the auxiliary verb DO, we directly use the verb to be. (ex: Are you happy?) REMEMBER!!!: Verbs for the 3rd person in English are ALWAYS different. In the present simple, we just add an S to the auxiliary verb (DODOES). In the case of the verb to be, we just change its conjugation to the 3rd persons. EXAMPLE: Do + you + do +your homework +every night? Does +she +dance +hip hop +in a dance school? Are +we +so different?
- 5. PRESENT CONTINUOUS AFFIRMATIVE FORM STRUCTURE: SUBJECT +AUXILIARYVERB (BE) +VERB (gerund) +OBJECT sujeto + verbo BE + verbo con ING + objeto REMEMBER!!!: Verbs for the 3rd person in English are ALWAYS different. In the present continuous, we put the auxiliary verb (BE) in the 3rd person form (IS). EXAMPLE: I + am+ doing + my homework +in the library. She +is+ dancing +hip hop +right now. We +are+ working +on this +together. Our sch0ol +is+ making +lots of improvements. My mum +is+ having +a shower +at the moment. EXPLANATION: El presente continuo es la estructura que utilizamos para expresar cosas que estamos haciendo a la vez que hablamos, en este mismo momento (right now, at the momento). También lo podemos utilizar para expresar cambios que se estén dando durante un periodo, incluyendo el momento en el que lo decimos (ej.: “our school is making improvements”, puede ser durante meses, pero ahora están en obras). PS: El presente continuo puede utilizarse también para referirse al futuro (I am going to the cinema tomorrow = I am going to go to the cinema tomorrow).
- 6. PRESENT CONTINUOUS NEGATIVE FORM: STRUCTURE: SUBJECT + AUXILIARYVERB (BE)+NOT+VERB (gerund) +OBJECT sujeto + verbo BE + NOT + verbo con ING + objeto REMEMBER!!!: Verbs for the 3rd person in English are ALWAYS different. In the present continuous, we put the auxiliary verb (BE) in the 3rd person form (IS). EXAMPLE: I + am+ not+doing + my homework +in the library. She +is+ not+ dancing +hip hop +right now. We +are+ not+working +on this +together. Our sch0ol +is+not+ making +lots of improvements. My mum +is+not+ having +a shower +at the moment.
- 7. PRESENT CONTINUOUS QUESTIONS: STRUCTURE: AUXILIARY VERB (to be) + SUBJECT + VERB (gerund) + OBJECT? verbo auxiliar TO BE + sujeto + verbo con ING + objeto? REMEMBER!!!: Verbs for the 3rd person in English are ALWAYS different. This time, we just conjugate the verb to be in the 3rd person. EXAMPLE: Are + you + doing +your homework +right now? Is +she +dancing +hip hop? Are +we +acting +so different?
- 8. PAST SIMPLE AFFIRMATIVE FORM: STRUCTURE: SUBJECT +VERB (past simple) + OBJECT + etc. sujeto + verbo (pasado simple) + objeto REMEMBER!!!: Verbs for the 3rd person in English are ALWAYS different. In the past simple, 3rd person verbs changeONLY in the verb BE (was), and also the 1st person. EXAMPLE: I + did + my homework + yesterday. She + danced +hip hop +last year. We + were +very different. Our sch0ol + had +lots of classes. Being a child + was +something exciting. EXPLANATION: El pasado simple es la estructura que utilizamos para expresar cosas que ocurrieron en el pasado, y que acabaron también en él. Por ello, ésta es la estructura que utilizamos para expresar como eran las cosas antes de que ocurriera un cambio (ej.:”our school had lots of classes”, now it doesn’t).
- 9. BE CAREFUL!! Verbs in the past simple can be REGULAR or IRREGULAR: REGULAR VERBS: They always end up with the past form –ED. Accept, account, achieve, act, add, admit, affect, agree, aim, allow, answer, appear, apply, argue, arrange, arrive, ask, attack, avoid, base, believe, belong, call, care, carry, cause, change, charge, check, claim, clean, clear, climb, close, collect, commit, compare, complain, complete, concern, confirm, connect, consider, consist, contact, contain, continue, contribute, control, cook, copy, correct, count, cover, create, cross, cry, damage, dance, decide, deliver, demand, deny, depend, describe, design, destroy, develop, die, disappear, discover, discuss, divide, dress, drop, enable, encourage, enjoy, examine, exist, expect, experience, explain, express, extend, face, fail, fasten, fill, finish, fold, follow, force, form, gain, handle, happen, hate, head, help, hope, identify, imagine, improve, include, increase, indicate, influence, inform, intend, introduce, invite, involve, join, jump, kick, kill, knock, last, laugh, like, limit, link, listen, live, look, love, manage, mark, matter, measure, mention, mind, miss, move, need, notice, obtain, occur, offer, open, order, own, pass, perform, pick, place, plan, play, point, prefer, prepare, present, press, prevent, produce, promise, protect, prove, provide, publish, pull, push, raise, reach, realize, receive, recognize, record, reduce, refer, reflect, refuse, regard, relate, release, remain, remember, remove, repeat, replace, reply, report, represent, require, rest, result, return, reveal, roll, save, seem, separate, serve, settle, share, shout, smile, sort, sound, start, state, stay, stop, study, succeed, suffer, suggest, suit, supply, support, suppose, survive, talk, tend, test, thank, touch, train, travel, treat, try, turn, use, visit, vote, wait, walk, want, warn, wash, watch, wish, wonder, work, worry.
- 10. BE CAREFUL!! IRREGULAR VERBS: They have their own special conjugation. We will use the same structure we use for the regular verbs, but using the past simple form of the verb instead.
- 11. BE CAREFUL!
- 12. PAST SIMPLE NEGATIVE FORM: STRUCTURE: SUBJECT+ AUXILIARY VERB (did) + NOT + VERB (infinitive) + OBJECT sujeto + verbo auxiliar DID + NOT + verbo en infinitivo + objeto EXCEPTION: In the verb to be, the negative form NOT goes with the main verb. (ex.: I was not Sara). REMEMBER!!! Now the verb do does not change in the 3rd person (there is no verb dids!!). EXAMPLE: I + did + not + do + my homework +last night. She +did + not +dance +hip hop +in a dance school. We +were +not +so different (=We weren’t so different).
- 13. PAST SIMPLE QUESTIONS: STRUCTURE: AUXILIARY VERB (did) + SUBJECT + VERB (infinitive) + OBJECT? verbo auxiliar DID + sujeto + verbo en infinitivo + objeto? EXCEPTION: In the verb to be, the question form is different. Instead of the auxiliary verb DID, we directly use the verb to be. (ex: Were you happy?) EXAMPLE: Did + you + do +your homework +last night? Did +she +dance +hip hop +in a dance school? Were +we +so different?
- 14. PAST CONTINUOUS AFFIRMATIVE FORM STRUCTURE: SUBJECT +AUXILIARYVERB (BE) +VERB (gerund) +OBJECT sujeto + verbo BE + verbo con ING + objeto EXAMPLE: I + was+ doing + my homework +in the library. She +was+ dancing +hip hop +when we saw her. We +were+ working +on this +together. Our sch0ol +was+ making +lots of improvements. My mum +was+ having +a shower +at the moment. EXPLANATION: El pasado continuo es la estructura que utilizamos para expresar cosas que estábamos haciendo en el momento al que nos referimos. Lo utilizamos para expresar cambios que se estén dando durante un periodo (puede ser durante minutos, días, meses…). REMEMBER!! While: Mientras que, durante. When: Cuando.
- 15. PAST CONTINUOUS NEGATIVE FORM: STRUCTURE: SUBJECT + AUXILIARYVERB (BE)+NOT+VERB (gerund) +OBJECT sujeto + verbo BE + NOT + verbo con ING + objeto EXAMPLE: I + was+ not+doing + my homework +in the library. She +was+ not+dancing+hip hop +right now. We +were+ not+working+on this +together. Our sch0ol +was+not+making +lots of improvements. My mum +was+not+having +a shower +at the moment.
- 16. PAST CONTINUOUS QUESTIONS: STRUCTURE: AUXILIARY VERB (to be) + SUBJECT + VERB (gerund) + OBJECT? verbo auxiliar TO BE + sujeto + verbo con ING + objeto? EXAMPLE: Were + you + doing +your homework +right now? Was +she +dancing +hip hop? Were +we +acting +so different?