Presentation 2 rfid standards & protocols
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The document provides a comprehensive overview of RFID applications, including its regulations, standards, and protocols. It outlines the electromagnetic spectrum and specific ISO standards governing RFID systems, along with the roles of various standard bodies such as EPCglobal and GS1. The primary aim is to give students foundational knowledge in RFID technologies without delving into every detail.
Presentation 2 rfid standards & protocols
- 1. RFID Applications Presentation 1 • Introduction • components • Layers Presentation 2 • Regulations • Standards • Protocols Presentation 3 • RFID Software Developer • Middleware • Labs March/2014 Presentation 4 • RIFIDI Emulator LAB Mouhanad Alkhaldi | Postgraduate Taught Part Time - Information Technology (SS), MSc |ma1049@hw.ac.uk
- 2. RFID Applications Regulations Standards Protocols March/2014 It is not intended in this course to reach every detail in the standards or protocols or regulations. The purpose is to give the student a head start , and guide him through the concepts. Mouhanad Alkhaldi | Postgraduate Taught Part Time - Information Technology (SS), MSc |ma1049@hw.ac.uk
- 3. Index 4. Electromagnetic Spectrum 5. Spectrum Regulations 6. Spectrum Regulations - Example from UAE 7. RFID standards 8. Industry based Standard bodies 9. ISO RFID Standards 10. ISO RFID Standards (Continued) 11. ISO Standards Contactless Smart Cards 12. ISO Air Interface Standards 18000 series RFID 13. Relation between ISO 18000 standards 14. GS1 - EPCglobal 15. EPC Standards evolution 16. EPCglobal Tag Classes 17. EPCglobal Protocol framework 18. EPCglobal Protocol framework – simplified diagram 19. Identify Objects -Tag specific Standards 20. Identify Objects - Air Interface Protocols 21. Capture output - RFID Readers Protocols 22. Data Exchange Protocols 23. Identify Objects - TDS – Tag Data Standard 24. TDS : URI grammar 25. TDS : URI grammar (C) 26. Application level events (ALE) 27. ALE 7 Schemas 28. ALE Sample Schema - XSD 29. ALE Sample Schema -WSDL 30. ALE service consumer Quick lab 31. ALE service consumer Quick lab 32. ALE Sample Schema – UML (ECReports) 33. Data Exchange Protocols EPCIS: EPC Information Services 34. EPCIS Within and Across Enterprises 35. Readers Protocols - LLRP 36. Readers Protocols - LLRP (C) 37. Good Reads 38. References (52+53+54+55)
- 4. Icon Meaning Reader Related topic Air Interface Related Tag Related Topic Good Reads Data Exchange related Lab
- 6. Spectrum Regulations • Because RFID systems generate and radiate electromagnetic waves, they are legally classified as radio systems • Every country has it’s own spectrum regulations. • Many follows pre-defined standards like – FCC: Federal Communications Commission – ETSI: European Telecommunications Standards Institute • UHF RFID Sample national Regulation Examples : – UAE is 868-875.4 MHz . – UK 865-868 MHz for RFID . – China standard (920~925MHz) – American standard (902~928MHz), – European standard (865~868MHz) , 840MHz~960MHz working frequency
- 7. Spectrum Regulations Example from UAE To zoom in: http://www.tra.gov.ae/download.php?filename=spectrum_affairs/national_allocation_chart_english.pdf
- 8. RFID standards Main standard bodies • EPCglobal – Electronic Product Code organization • Auto-id labs • ISO - International Standards Organizations ISO - International Organization for Standardization ITU - International Telecommunication Union IEC - International Electro-technical Commission JTC 1 - Joint Technical Committee • ETSI - European Telecommunications Standards Institute • National Standards Organizations FCC – Federal Communication Commission ANSI - American National Standards Institute BSI - British Standards Institute
- 9. RFID standards Industry based Standard bodies Industry Standards Organizations • AIAG - Automotive Industry Action Group • ATA - American Trucking Associations • AAR - American Railroads • GS1 VICS Item Level RFID Initiative (VILRI) oversees standards around item-level tagging and the use of RFID technology throughout the retail supply chain
- 10. ISO RFID Standards RFID Standard Details ISO 10536 ISO RFID standard for close coupled cards ISO 11784 ISO RFID standard that defines the way in which data is structured on an RFID tag. ISO 11785 ISO RFID standard that defines the air interface protocol. ISO 14443 ISO RFID standard that provides the definitions for air interface protocol for RFID tags used in proximity systems - aimed for use with payment systems ISO 15459 Unique identifiers for transport units (used in supply chain management) ISO 15693 ISO RFID standard for use with what are termed vicinity cards ISO 15961 ISO RFID standard for Item Management (includes application interface (part 1), registration of RFID data constructs (part 2), and RFID data constructs (part 3). ISO 15962 ISO RFID standard for item management - data encoding rules and logical memory functions. ISO 16963 ISO RFID standard for item management - unique identifier of RF tag. Some of the main RFID standards
- 11. ISO RFID Standards (Continued) RFID Standard Details ISO 18000 ISO RFID standard for the air interface for RFID frequencies around the globe ISO 18001 RFID for item management - application requirements profiles. ISO 18046 RFID tag and interrogator performance test methods. ISO 18047 The ISO RFID standard that defines the testing including conformance testing of RFID tags and readers. This is split into several parts that mirror the parts for ISO 18000. ISO 24710 Information technology, automatic identification and data capture techniques - RFID for item management - Elementary tag license plate functionality for ISO 18000 air interface. ISO 24729 RFID implementation guidelines - part : RFID enabled labels; part 2: recyclability of RF tags; part 3: RFID interrogator / antenna installation. ISO 24730 RFID real time locating system: Part 1: Application Programming Interface (API); Part 2: 2.4 GHz; Part 3: 433 MHz; Part 4: Global Locating Systems ISO 24752 System management protocol for automatic identification and data capture using RFID ISO 24753 Air interface commands for battery assist and sensor functionality ISO 24769 Real Time Locating System (RTLS) device conformance test methods ISO 24770 Real Time Locating System (RTLS) device performance test methods Some of the main RFID standards
- 12. ISO Standards Contactless Smart Cards ISO/IEC 10536 Close-coupling 0–1 cm ISO/IEC 14443 Proximity-coupling 0–10 cm ISO/IEC 15693 Vicinity-coupling 0–1m Available standards for contactless smart cards Standard Card type Approximate range
- 13. ISO Air Interface Standards 18000 series RFID ISO 18000 Standard Details of the particular ISO 18000 series standard ISO 18000-V1 Generic parameters for air interfaces for globally accepted frequencies ISO 18000-V2 Air interface for 135 KHz ISO 18000-V3 Air interface for 13.56 MHz ISO 18000-V4 Air interface for 2.45 GHz ISO 18000-V5 Air interface for 5.8 GHz ISO 18000-V6 (EPC) Air interface for 860 MHz to 930 MHz ISO 18000-V7 Air interface at 433.92 MHz
- 14. Relation between ISO 18000 standards
- 15. GS1 - EPCglobal • GS1 is an international not-for-profit association with Member Organizations in over 100 countries. • an organization of industry leaders devoted to the development of standards for the Electronic Product Code (EPC) and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technologies. • GS1 is dedicated to the design and implementation of global standards and solutions to improve the efficiency and visibility of supply and demand chains globally and across sectors. The GS1 system of standards is the most widely used supply chain standards system in the world. • GS1 EPCglobal is a suite of RFID standards and services for increased visibility and efficiency throughout the supply chain and higher quality information flow between companies and their key trading partners. • GS1 EPCglobal is leading the development of industry-driven standards for the Electronic Product Code™ (EPC) to support the use of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) in today's fast-moving, information rich, trading networks.
- 17. EPCglobal Tag Classes Class 0 UHFl read-only, preprogrammed passive tag Class 1 UHF or HF; write once, read many (WORM) Class 2 Passive read-write tags that can be written to at any point in the supply chain Class 3 Read-write with onboard sensors capable of recording parameters like temperature, pressure, and motion; can be semi-passive or active Class 4 Read-write active tags with integrated transmitters; can communicate with other tags and readers Class 5 Similar to Class 4 tags but with additional functionality; can provide power to other tags and communicate with devices other than readers
- 18. EPCglobal Current Protocol framework
- 19. EPCglobal Current Protocol framework Simplified Diagram
- 20. Identify Objects Tag specific Standards TDS – Tag Data Standard Defines EPC/RFID tag data, including the encoding of GS1 Keys in EPC memory, as well as their encoding in the context of EPCIS TDT – Tag Data Translation EPC Tag Data Translation standard is concerned with a machine-readable version of the EPC Tag Data Standards specification
- 21. Identify Objects Air Interface Protocols • UHF Air Interface Protocol Standard "Gen2v2“ – defines the physical and logical requirements for an RFID system of interrogators and passive tags, operating in the 860 MHz - 960 MHz UHF range. (we will not include further info in this presentation) • EPC RFID Protocols EPC Class-1 HF RFID Air Interface Protocol – defines the physical and logical requirements for a passive-backscatter, Interrogator-talks-first (ITF), RFID system operating in at 13.56 MHz frequency. – The system comprises Interrogators (also known as Readers), and Tags (also known as Labels). – This standard uses signaling (ASK) that is backwards compatible to ISO 15693. Also included is an optional signaling method (PJM). – (we will not include further info in this presentation)
- 22. Capture output RFID Readers Protocols LLRP – Low Level Reader Protocol Specifies an interface between RFID Readers and Clients. The interface protocol is called low-level because it provides control of RFID air protocol operation timing and access to air protocol command parameters. DCI - Discovery configuration & initialization Specifies an interface between RFID Readers and Access Controllers and the network on which they operate RM - Reader Management Used by management software to monitor the operating status and health of EPCglobal compliant RFID Readers
- 23. Data Exchange Protocols ALE – Application Level Events specifies an interface through which clients may obtain filtered, consolidated Electronic Product Code™ (EPC) data from a variety of sources EPCIS - EPC Information service specification that defines Version 1.0 of EPC Information Services (EPCIS). The goal of EPCIS is to enable disparate applications to leverage Electronic Product Code (EPC) data via EPC-related data sharing, both within and across enterprises. Ultimately, this sharing is aimed at enabling participants in the EPCglobal Network to gain a shared view of the disposition of EPC-bearing objects within a relevant business context. CBV - Core Business Vocabulary Business Vocabulary Standard is to specifies various vocabulary elements and their values for use in conjunction with the EPCIS standard, which defines mechanisms to exchange information both within and across company boundaries. The vocabulary identifiers and definitions in this standard will ensure that all parties who exchange EPCIS data using the Core Business Vocabulary will have a common understanding of the semantic meaning of that data. ONS - Object Name Service specifies how the Domain Name System is used to locate authoritative metadata and services associated with the SGTIN portion of a given Electronic Product Code™ (EPC). Its target audience is developers that will implement Object Name Service (ONS) resolution systems for applications
- 24. Identify Objects TDS – Tag Data Standard TDS • Defines EPC/RFID tag data, including the encoding of GS1 Keys in EPC memory, as well as their encoding in the context of EPCIS TDS: Tag URI • Guarantees worldwide uniqueness of the EPC across all types of physical objects and applications. • The formal grammar for the EPC URI is as follows: – SGTIN-URI | SSCC-URI | SGLN-URI | GRAI-URI | GIAI-URI | SRN-URI | GDTI-URI | GID-URI | DOD-URI | ADI-URI | CPI-URI URI example : urn:epc:id:sgtin:0614141.112345.400
- 25. TDS : URI grammar EPC Scheme Schema Description Typical Use General syntax Example sgtin Serialized Global Trade Item Number Trade item urn:epc:id:sgtin:CompanyPrefix.Ite mReference.SerialNumber urn:epc:id:sgtin:0614 141.112345.400 sscc Serial Shipping Container Code Logistics unit urn:epc:id:sscc:CompanyPrefix.Seria lReference urn:epc:id:sscc:0614 141.1234567890 sgln Global Location Number With or Without Extension Location2 urn:epc:id:sgln:CompanyPrefix.Loca tionReference.Extension urn:epc:id:sgln:0614 141.12345.400 grai Global Returnable Asset Identifier Returnable asset urn:epc:id:grai:CompanyPrefix.Asset Type.SerialNumber urn:epc:id:grai:06141 41.12345.400 giai Global Individual Asset Identifier Fixed asset urn:epc:id:giai:CompanyPrefix.Indivi dulAssetReference urn:epc:id:giai:06141 41.12345400
- 26. TDS : URI grammar (Continued) EPC Schem e Schema Description Typical Use General syntax Example gdti Global Document Type Identifier Document urn:epc:id:gdti:CompanyPrefix.Docu mentType.SerialNumber urn:epc:id:gdti:06141 41.12345.400 gsrn Global Service Relation Number Service relation (e.g., loyalty card) urn:epc:id:gsrn:CompanyPrefix.Servi ceReference urn:epc:id:gsrn:0614 141.1234567890 gid General Identifier Unspecified urn:epc:id:gid:ManagerNumber.Obj ectClass.SerialNumber urn:epc:id:gid:95100 000.12345.400 usdod US Department of Defense Identifier US Dept of Defense supply chain urn:epc:id:usdod:CAGEOrDODAAC.S erialNumber urn:epc:id:usdod:2S1 94.12345678901 Adi Aerospace and Defense Identifier Aerospace and Defense sector for unique identification of aircraft and other parts and items urn:epc:id:adi:CAGEOrDODAAC.Orig inalPartNumber.Serial urn:epc:id:adi:W81X 9C.3KL984PX1.2WM A52 Cpi Component / Part Identifier Technical industries (e.g. automotive sector) for unique identification of parts and Components urn:epc:id:cpi:CompanyPrefix.Comp onentPartReference.Serial urn:epc:id:cpi:06141 41.123ABC.12345678 9
- 27. • Application Level Events (ALE) is a standard created by EPCGlobal, Inc., The ALE specification is a software specification indicating required functionality and behavior, as well as a common API expressed through XML Schema Definition (XSD) and Web Services Description Language (WSDL). • It is a standard introduced by EPC global. • The role of the ALE interface is to provide independence between: – the infrastructure components that acquire the raw EPC data – the architectural component(s) that filter & count that data – and the applications that use the data. This allows changes in one without requiring changes in the other, offering significant benefits to both the technology provider and the end-user. • Data Exchange Protocols ALE - Application Level Events
- 28. ALE Schemas Because an implementation may not implement all five ALE APIs, the schemas are divided into separate files, one per API Schema Imported Schemas Top-level Elements ALE Standard Section EPCglobal - - 3.3 EPCglobal Base Schema ale-common EPCglobal 3.4 Schema for Datatypes Common to the Reading API and 387 Writing API ale EPCglobal ale-common ECSpec ECReports 3.5 ALE Reading API Schema alecc EPCglobal ale-common CCSpec CCParameterList CCReports EPCCacheSpec EPCPatternList AssocTableSpec AssocTableEntryList RNGSpec 3.6 ALE Writing API Schema aletm EPCglobal TMSpec 3.7 ALE Tag Memory API Schema alelr EPCglobal LRSpec LRProperty 3.8 ALE Logical Reader API Schema aleac EPCglobal ACPermission ACRole ACClientIdentity 3.9 ALE Access Control API Schema
- 29. ALE Sample Schema - XSD http://www.gs1.org/gsmp/kc/epcglobal/ale/ale_1_1-schemas-20071202/EPCglobal-ale-1_1-ale.xsd
- 30. ALE Sample Schema - WSDL http://www.gs1.org/gsmp/kc/epcglobal/ale/ale_1_1-schemas-20071202/EPCglobal-ale-1_1-ale.wsdl
- 31. ALE service consumer - Quick lab - • reference ALE web service in a visual studio console project , • same sample can be with eclips and javabeans 1- create console application 2- add reference to http://www.gs1.org/gsmp/kc/epcglobal/ale/ale_1_1-schemas- 20071202/EPCglobal-ale-1_1-ale.wsdl
- 32. ALE service consumer - Quick lab - Now you can work with the ALE classes, start your ALE protocol implementation, To implement the protocol you have to read the protocol documentation , and apply the messages in the right sequence.
- 33. ALE Sample Schema – UML (ECReports) A sample schema from ALE – representing the ECReports class. To be familiar with the full schema , and implement it , you will need to read the full protocol documentation http://www.gs1.org/gsmp/kc/epcglobal/ale/ale
- 34. Data Exchange Protocols EPCIS: EPC Information Services EPCIS: is an EPCglobal standard for sharing EPC related information between trading partners. EPCIS provides important new capabilities to improve efficiency, security, and visibility in the global supply chain, and complements lower level EPCglobal tag, reader, and middleware standards. EPCIS V. 1.0 Standard Machine-readble Artifacts
- 35. EPCIS Within and Across Enterprises
- 36. Readers Protocols - LLRP Low Level Reader Protocol • The LLRP interface protocol is called low-level because it provides control of RFID air protocol operation timing and access to air protocol command parameters. • The design of this interface recognizes that in some RFID systems, there is a requirement for explicit knowledge of RFID air protocols and the ability to control Readers that implement RFID air protocol communications • LLRP is specifically concerned with providing the formats and procedures of communications between a Client and a Reader
- 37. Readers Protocols - LLRP Low Level Reader Protocol (Continued) A typical LLRP sequence between an application software client and a reader involves the following processes: • client polling the reader for its capabilities • setting the reader configuration • sending reader operation commands. – Reader Operation Specifications (ROSpecs) – Antenna Inventory Specifications (AISpec) • sending the reader Access specifications (AccessSpec) • obtaining reports back from the reader
- 38. Good Reads 1. http://www.gs1.org/docs/GS1_System_of_Standards.pdf 2. http://www.gs1.org/gsmp/kc/epcglobal/llrp 3. http://www.gs1.org/gsmp/kc/epcglobal/ale 4. http://www.gs1.org/gsmp/kc/epcglobal/epcis 5. Global RFID – the value of the EPCglobal Network for Supply Chain Management – Case studies : manufacturing and supply chain
- 39. Good Reads Extend your RFID knowledge Read about RFID collision issues , and anti collision algorithms • A Geometric Distribution Reader Anti-Collision Protocol for RFID Dense Reader Environments M. Victoria Bueno-Delgado, Member, IEEE, Renato Ferrero, Filippo Gandino, Member, IEEE, Pablo Pavon-Marino, Member, IEEE, and Maurizio Rebaudengo, Member, IEEE IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, VOL. 10, NO. 2, APRIL 2013 • Assigned Tree Slotted Aloha RFID Tag Anti-Collision Protocols IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS, VOL. 12, NO. 11, NOVEMBER 2013 5493 Lijuan Zhang, Jin Zhang, and Xiaohu Tang, Member, IEEE • Binary Tree Slotted ALOHA for Passive RFID Tag Anticollision Haifeng Wu, Yu Zeng, Jihua Feng, and Yu Gu IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS, VOL. 24, NO. 1, JANUARY 2013 • AN ALOHA-BASED IMPROVED ANTI-COLLISION ALGORITHM FOR RFID SYSTEMS YEJUN HE AND XIAOYE WANG, SHENZHEN UNIVERSITY
- 40. Good Reads Extend your RFID knowledge Read about RFID Security • RFID Security and Privacy Concepts, Protocols, and Architectures Dirk Henrici
- 41. References Teaching RFID Information Systems Security Thompson, D.R.; Jia Di; Daugherty, M.K., "Teaching RFID Information Systems Security," Education, IEEE Transactions on , vol.57, no.1, pp.42,47, Feb. 2014 doi: 10.1109/TE.2013.2264289 URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6524969&isnumber=6729118 RFID Handbook 3rd edition (2010) Klaus Finkenzeller Giesecke & Devrient GmbH, Munich, Germany http://www.rfidhandbook.de Labs info and sources • https://support.impinj.com/entries/30534123-How-do-I-create-RFID-applications-with-Java- • http://sourceforge.net/projects/rifidi/?source=recommended • http://www.llrp.org/ • http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/server-cloud/products/biztalk/default.aspx • http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd352570.aspx • https://code.google.com/p/fosstrak/
- 42. References GS1 • GS1.Org • http://www.ean-int.org forwards you to : http://www.gs1.org • http://www.gs1.org/gsmp/kc/epcglobal – http://www.gs1.org/gsmp/kc/epcglobal/tdt/ – http://www.gs1.org/gsmp/kc/epcglobal/tds – http://www.gs1.org/gsmp/kc/epcglobal/ale – http://www.gs1.org/gsmp/kc/epcglobal/epcis – http://www.gs1.org/gsmp/kc/epcglobal/cbv – http://www.gs1.org/gsmp/kc/epcglobal/ons – http://www.gs1.org/docs/GS1_System_of_Standards.pdf – http://www.gs1.org/gsmp/kc/epcglobal/llrp – http://www.gs1.org/gsmp/kc/epcglobal/dci – http://www.gs1.org/gsmp/kc/epcglobal/rm – http://www.gs1.org/gsmp/kc/epcglobal/uhfc1g2 – http://www.gs1.org/gsmp/kc/epcglobal/hf – http://www.gs1.org/epcglobal/standards
- 43. References • http://www.radio-electronics.com/info/wireless/radio-frequency-identification-rfid/iso-epcglobal-iec-standards. php • http://www.etsi.org/technologies-clusters/technologies/radio/rfid • http://www.iec.ch • http://www.autoidlabs.org/ • http://epc-rfid.info/Rfid_Tags • http://www.rfidineurope.eu/SR • https://www.impinj.com/guide-to-rfid/rfid-standards.aspx • http://www.autoidlabs.org/uploads/media/AUTOIDLABS-WP-SWNET-011.pdf • http://www.radio-electronics.com/info/wireless/radio-frequency-identification-rfid/iso-epcglobal-iec-standards. php • http://www.rfidjournal.com/articles/view?1335/3 • http://www.iso.org/iso/home/store/catalogue_tc/catalogue_tc_browse.htm?commid=45332
- 44. References Images • http://www.gs1.org/ • http://www.gs1.org/gsmp/kc/epcglobal • https://www.impinj.com/guide-to-rfid/rfid-standards.aspx • http://www.iec.ch/ • http://www.iso.org • http://www.iso.org/iso/jtc1_home.html • http://www.etsi.org/ • http://www.fcc.gov/ • http://zebu.uoregon.edu/~imamura/122/images/electromagnetic-spectrum.jpg • http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bd/Protocol_and_Software_layering.svg/220px- Protocol_and_Software_layering.svg.png • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lexcycle_Stanza_icon.png • http://www.tra.gov.ae/spectrum-policies-regulations.php • http://www.tra.gov.ae/download.php?filename=spectrum_affairs/national_allocation_chart_english.pdf • http://www.fsec.ucf.edu/en/education/k- 12/curricula/sm3/documents/SM3_ElectromagneticSpectrum.pdf Some pictures & ideas from RFID for dummies 2005 : http://www.dummies.com/ Patrick J. Sweeney II
- 45. Thank You
Editor's Notes
- #10: Slide Notes: These are only some bodies … as examples … Slide Resources: EPCglobal - Electronic Product Code global - organization set up to achieve world-wide adoption and standardization of EPC technology and was a joint venture between GS1 and GS1 US, now other Slide Resources: https://www.impinj.com/guide-to-rfid/rfid-standards.aspx https://www.aiag.org/scriptcontent/index.cfm https://www.aiag.org/staticcontent/files/AIAGBook.pdf http://www.truckline.com/ https://www.aar.org/Pages/Home.aspx