Presentation (3).pptx earth science stem 11
- 2. S E T T I N G A S I D E R O C K S T H AT F A L L F R O M T H E S K Y, S U C H A S M E T E O R S A N D F R A G M E N T S O F A S T E R O I D S , T H E B I R T H O F R O C K S B E G I N F R O M T H E C O R E O F O U R P L A N E T. T R A C I N G T H E B I R T H , F O R M AT I O N , A N D T R A N S F O R M AT I O N O F R O C K S W I L L TA K E U S T O T W O S E T S O F P H Y S I C A L P R O C E S S E S . O N E I S A S E T O F E N D O G E N I C P R O C E S S E S , A N D T H E O T H E R , E X O G E N I C . T H E T E R M S S U G G E S T W H AT TA K E S P L A C E U N D E R T H E S E P R O C E S S E S .
- 3. ENDOGEN IC PROCESSES R EFER TO GEOLOGIC PROCESSES THAT TAKE PLACE BELOWTH E EARTH' S SURFACE, TH E I NTERIOR O F TH E PLANET. EXOGENIC PROCESSES REFERTO TH OSE THAT TAKE PLACE ON THE EARTH' S SUR FACE.
- 4. WE WILL DISCUSS BRIEFLY THE TYPES O F ROCKS AND HOW THEY FO RM. •A more detailed discussion about the endogenic and exogenicprocesses that led to their formation will be discussed in the nextchapter, Earth's processes.
- 5. ROCKS ARE SOLID AGGREGATE OF MINERAL GRAINS
- 6. S E D I M E N TA R Y R O C K S C O V E R E A R T H ' S L A N D S U R F A C E , A B O U T 7 8 % O F C U R R E N T L A N D S U R F A C E . B U T I T O N L Y C O N S T I T U T E S 8 % O F T H E E N T I R E V O L U M E O F E A R T H ' S C R U S T. T H E B I G PA R T W H I C H M A K E S T H E C R U S T C O M E S F R O M I G N E O U S A N D M E TA M O R P H I C
- 7. IT IS QUITE EASY TO IDENTIFY SEDIMENTARY ROCKS FROM AFAR. YOU MAY HAVE PASSED BY EXPRESSWAYS ON YOUR FIELD TRIPS, AND ALONG THE WAYSAW A DISTINCT LAYER OF ROCK ON THE SIDES OF A HUGE ROCK OUTCROP. YOUARE LOOKING AT A LAYER OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS.
- 8. S E D I M E N T A R Y R O C K S A R E D E P O S I T E D I N L A Y E R S C A L L E D S T R A T A . T H E E N T I R E L A Y E R S D I S P L A Y E D B Y A R O C K O U T C R O P A R E C A L L E D B E D D I N G . S E D I M E N T A R Y R O C K S A R E S O U R C E S O F N A T U R A L R E S O U R C E S , S U C H A S , C O A L , F O S S I L F U E L S , D R I N K I N G W A T E R , M I N E R A L S , E T C . T H E Y A R E A L S O A R E S O U R C E F O R M A N Y C O N S T R U C T I O N M A T E R I A L S A N D C H E M I C A L P R O D U C T S .
- 9. B A T H O L I T H S , A L S O C A L L E D P L U T O N S , A R E A H U G E M A S S O F P L U T O N I C R O C K S H U N D R E D S O F K I L O M E T E R S L O N G A N D 1 0 0 K M W I D E . T H E Y F O R M B E L O W T H E E A R T H ' S S U R F A C E . O N S O M E O C C A S I O N S , T H E Y A R E D I S C O V E R E D L Y I N G O N T H E E A R T H ' S S U R F A C E B E C A U S E T H E S O I L M A T E R I A L T H A T O N C E C O V E R E D T H E M H A D E R O D E D .
- 10. SILLS ARE PLUTONIC ROCKS THAT INTRUDED INTO CRACKS AND CREVICES OF EXISTINGROCKS. THEY ARE GENERALLY SMALLER AND ARE FORMED HORIZONTALLY.
- 11. DIKES ARE PLUTONIC ROCKS THAT INTRUDED INTO CRACKS AND CREVICES OF EXISTINGROCKS BUT THEY ARE SLANTED.
- 12. H O R I Z O N T A L O R S L A N T E D L A Y E R S O F D I S T I N C T R O C K T Y P E S S A N D W I C H E D B E T W E E N R O C K S O F A D I F F E R E N T P H Y S I C A L S T R U C T U R E A R E C L U E S S U G G E S T I N G Y O U C O U L D B E L O O K I N G A T I N T R U S I V E I G N E O U S R O C K S . E V E N T H O U G H T H E Y A R E G E N E R A L L Y L O D G E D B E L O W T H E E A R T H ' S S U R F A C E , S O I L E R O S I O N O C C A S I O N A L L Y E X P O S E S T H E M T O T H E A T M O S P H E R E .
- 13. S E D I M E N TA R Y R O C K S • Sedimentary rocks, as the name suggests, are formed by sedimenOther types of rocks, such as igneous and metamorphic rocks, sheoff sediments as a result of physical and chemical weathering. Theare carried away by wind, water, ice, mass movement or glaciers anddeposited into sedimentary basins, usually a body of water, suchponds, lakes, and seas. There at the bottom they accumulate and foma layer of sediments. The skeletal remains of organisms from millionsof years ago also add to the sediments
- 14. T H E L AY E R . I N T H E CO U R S E O F M I L L I O N S O F Y E A R S , D E P O S I T I O N A N D C E M E N TAT I O N T U R N T H E M I N TO H A R D S O L I D S E D I M E N TA R Y R O C K S .
- 15. M E TA M O R P H I C R O C K S • Metamorphosis is a combination of two Greek wordsmeans after and morphe means shape. Metamorphosis is the dshape. To metamorphose is to change shape. For metamorphic rockthis describes a type of rock that arose from either igneous moor sedimentary rocks. The change took place because of extrepressure and temperature.
- 16. I N P R E S S U R E A N D T E M P E R AT B E C A U S E T H E Y D O N OT S TAY W H E R E T H E Y A R E . I T I S D I F F I C U LT TO I M AG T H AT A H U G E R O C K T H E S I Z E O F A H I L L WA S O N C E U N D E R WAT E R O R U N D E M E A R T H ' S S U R FAC E . T H E R E AT T H E B OT TO M O F T H E O C E A N S O R U N D E R E A R S U R FAC E S O M E H U N D R E D S O F K I LO M E T E R S D E E P, R O C K S A R E E X P O S E D E X T R E M E P R E S S U R E A N D T E M P E R AT U R E B U T N OT TO A D E G R E E T H AT T H E YO R B R E A K A PA R T.
- 17. P R O T O L I T H , P A R E N T R O C K O R O R I G I N A L R O C K
- 18. M E T A M O R P H I C R O C K S F O R M O N L Y 1 2 % O F E A R T H ' S L A N D S U R F A C E T O G E T H E R W I T H I G N E O U S R O C K S C O M P O S E 9 2 % O F E A R T H ' S C R U S T . T H E R A O F T E M P E R A T U R E A N D P R E S S U R E I N W H I C H A P R O T O L I T H T R A N S F O R M S M E T A M O R P H I C R O C K I S 2 0 0 ° C T O 3 2 0 ° C A N D 3 0 0 M P A T O 6 0 0 M P A ( M M E G A P A S C A L S ) .
- 19. A C T I V I T Y 2 . 5 Q U I C K A N S W E R S • 1. What are the two types of igneous rocks? • 2. Name one similarity and one difference between volcanic andbile splutonic rocks? • 3. Give two examples each of sedimentary and metamorphicrocks.