Presentation 3 Slides - Marcel Meeus - SUSTESCO

ENERGY MATERIALS INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH INITIATIVE
Bridging the Innovation Gap
Introduction to Battery Markets and Technologies
EMIRI – Energy Materials Industrial Research Initiative
Dr. Marcel Meeus – Consultant Sustesco
www.emiri.eu
Masterclass EMIRI Tech Talk 23-2-2017 1

Agenda
• 1. General market overview
• 2. General technology overview and trends
• 3. Specific applications:
3.1 Portables market
3.2 Automotive market
3.3 Stationary market
3.4 Printed batteries
• 4. EMIRI program on stationary energy storage, automotive and light weight EV’s
2Masterclass EMIRI Tech Talk 23-2-2017

Agenda

1.General market overview 2015: source Avicenne

Li Ion market 2015- MWh/Value

Growth thanks to many new applications

Just one example: the E-Bikes (Li Ion China 10%, EU 90%, cap 200-500 Whrs)

...in the automotive field: irreversible trends to electrification

...in the automotive field: emerging sales

Home electrical storage
Maximize self-consumption of solar power
Grid storage (Power,Energy)
(Power/Energy
10
(
)
Oshawa Power / Tabuchi Electric -Home Solar-Plus-
Storage Pilot - 5 kW / 10 kWh per home
Masterclass EMIRI Tech Talk 23-2-2017

General Li Ion market forecast (x4 by 2025)

Automotive the main growth driver
• Depending on scenario’s

Posible car segmentation by 2020- base case

ESS is the next big thing (graphs 2014).

The Li-ion ESS battery segment is projected to reach 3,130 MW by
2020, growing at a CAGR of close to 72 percent.

also in home storage
The market for battery storage
is growing very fast, especially in Germany
where the combination of feed-in tariffs,
support schemes for batteries and high
electricity prices create particularly attractive
conditions for battery deployment.

However second life becoming realistic in ESS
http://www.eol-is.de/
By 2018, says ”Used EV batteries for
stationary storage”: second-life supply &
costs, the cost of repurposing batteries
for second-life applications could go
down to as little as USD$49 per kWh.

Printed batteries still small volumesIDTechEx predicts that this market will grow to become a $471m industry in
2026 from a small market base today.
Read more at: http://www.idtechex.com/research/reports/flexible-printed-and-thin-film-batteries-2016-2026-technologies-markets-players-000463.asp

Key to succes is cost reduction Li Ion
• Cathode Material = Key cost / performance driver
By 2020, the cost in € /kWh has to come down to < 150 €/kWh
For stationary applications down to < 0,05 €/kWh/cycle

And cost is evolving to targets

Li Ion expected to remain the technology of choice
min.until 2030, megafactories are coming
On cell
level
Current
Li Ion
2020
Li Ion
2030
Li Ion
Beyond
2030
(Post) Li
Ion
Energy
density
(Wh/kg)
90-235 250-350 350-400 > 500
Volumetric
energy
density
(Wh/l)
200-600 750 >750 > 1000
Cost
(€/kWh)
180-285 90 75 < 75

Agenda

Battery criteria

Key parameters: requirements home storage and automotive are different

Type of batteries (post Pb-acid)
NiMH
(1.2V)
Li-Ion
(~3.8V)
Advanced Li-Ion
(3.8V-5.0V )
New
Systems

Advanced Li Ion batteries

Typical Cathode materials- trends to NMC types
Major types cathode materials for
rechargeable Li ion batteries:
- Layered cathodes (incl. LiCoO2 (LCO),
NMC, NCA) : > 90% of market
• - Phosphates (LiFePO4) (LFP)
• - LiMn2O4 spinel (LMO)

Market trends 2015-2020

Future evolution to higher voltage battery systems
Solvay R&I

Developments 5V cathode materials: www.fivevb.eu
Xu, J. T.; Dou, S. X.; Liu, H. K.; Dai, L. M. Nano Energy 2013, 2, 439

Paired with high capacity novel anode materials www.spicy-project.eu
www.sintbat.eu
Si/C composites

Electrolyte modifications (1)

And trends to more polymer types and solid state batteries
• For improved safety
HS-GLASSion

Advanced materials and competencies play a key role.

Battery systems beyond Li-ion: focus > 400 Wh/kg, > 1000 Wh/l
• Alternative ion-based systems:Na-ion, Al-ion,...
• Metal-Air (Li,Zn...)
• Sulphur based batteries
• Flow batteries
• .....

Bridging the Innovation GapAlternative Metal-Ion systems: Na-ion, Al-ion
www.alionproject.eu
www.naiadesproject.eu

Metal (Zn,Li) - Air Issues: dendrites,rechargeability,bi-functional air catalysts,electrolyte choice...
37
sintef.no/zas
ucsd.edu

Na-S / high t°(NGK) Li-S / ambient t°
www.aliseproject.com
www.helis-project.eu
www.greencarcongress.com

Redox Flow EU projects GLOBE (all organic), InFluENCE (Semi-Solid Flow Batteries)...

Storage maturity curve

Agenda

• 3.1 Portable batteries: Electronics : Wh/L, safety and low swelling
Galaxy Note 7 : the race to the tiniest and higher capacity design with inherent risks

3.2 Automotive applications

Barriers from the consumers point of view

Safety improvement by advanced materials

Safety improvement by system design
• Safety characteristics of Li-ion batteries are ultimately determined by the attributes of system
design, including mechanical and thermal characteristics, electronics and communications, and
control algorithms.
• Important are :
Choice of materials
Battery Management System (BMS) avoiding overcharge and controlling temperature
Additives to electrolyte and coatings on separator
Rigid mechanical construction
Reliable supplier

Ageing
Generally, the capacity fade of Li-ion cells is due to a combination of three main processes
• Loss of Li / loss of balance between electrodes
• Loss of electrode area
• Loss of electrode material / conductivity
State-of-Health Estimation of Li-ion
Batteries: Cycle Life Test Methods: Jens
Groot

SoC and SoH

Sales EV’s in Europe: range depending on battery capacity but expected to double for the same battery weight

Masterclass EMIRI Tech Talk 23-2-2017 50

Charging infrastructure still unsufficient but new announcements will
further develop an EU network:
A consortium of major carmakers is
planning a high-powered fast-charging
network for electric vehicles in Europe.
BMW Group, Daimler AG, Ford Motor
Company, Volkswagen Group, Audi and
Porsche are targeting an initial 400 sites
with chargers of up to 350 kW.

FCEV’s will be there in the mid-term with new advanced materials
2017 New “Hydrogen Council”
launches in Davos
Air Liquide, Alstom, Anglo
American, BMW GROUP, Daimler, ENGIE, Honda,
Hyundai, Kawasaki, Royal Dutch Shell, The Linde
Group, Total and Toyota

Example FCH Buses

Challenges FCEV’s

3.3 Stationary applications
• Multiple applications but Li Ion spans power and energy domains

And V2G an option for the future

3.4 Printed applications www.basmati-project.com

Zn MnO2 primary still most widely used

Agenda
• 4. EMIRI program on stationary energy storage, automotive and light
weight EV’s

EMIRI Association works for the future of Advanced
Materials for low carbon energy (LCE) in Europe

The Industry-Driven Initiative promoted by EMIRI calls
for prioritization & action in R&I on Adv. Materials
4
KC1
KC3 KC4
KC2
Following collaboration of EMIRI members (Industry, Research Organizations, Associations) with
DG R&I (Key Enabling Technologies), a focused R&I program on Advanced Materials for LCE was defined
The R&I program is the backbone of the IndustryIndustryIndustryIndustry----Driven Initiative (IDI)Driven Initiative (IDI)Driven Initiative (IDI)Driven Initiative (IDI) called EMERITEMERITEMERITEMERIT (Energy Materials
for Europe – Research & Industry innovating Together)
The IDI focusses on 23 topics (in range of TRL 4-7) spread over 4 key components4 key components4 key components4 key components addressing the
challenges of the European Energy System … and contributing to relevant actions listed in the SET Plan
Integrated Roadmap document
The IDI aims at bridging the gap between lab and market in Advanced MaterialsThe IDI aims at bridging the gap between lab and market in Advanced MaterialsThe IDI aims at bridging the gap between lab and market in Advanced MaterialsThe IDI aims at bridging the gap between lab and market in Advanced Materials, reducing innovation risks, reducing innovation risks, reducing innovation risks, reducing innovation risks
and accelerating innovation in Advanced Materials to enable faster development of low carbon energyand accelerating innovation in Advanced Materials to enable faster development of low carbon energyand accelerating innovation in Advanced Materials to enable faster development of low carbon energyand accelerating innovation in Advanced Materials to enable faster development of low carbon energy
technologiestechnologiestechnologiestechnologies
EMERITEMERITEMERITEMERIT

Among 23 topics promoted by EMIRIT IDI, 9 energy storage related topics are of
interest to support Action 4 and 7 of Integrated SET Plan- Energy Union

SET Plan-10 targets and key actions

Action 7 e-mobility/storage - KPI targets (1)

Example (1)
• K3-I3 - Advanced Materials for lower cost, high safety, long cycle life & environmentally
friendly electrochemical batteries for E-Mobility-Li Ion batteries (Innovation Actions)
• While stationary applications of Li Ion batteries had a particular focus on cycle life, E-Mobility requires
moreover the highest possible gravimetric and volumetric energy density combined with the use of
low cost materials to achieve KPI cost targets as < 100 €/kWh by 2025. Optimization of Li-ion
batteries for low cost, high safety and long cycle life requires the development of Advanced Materials
for electrodes (cathode, anode, binders, current collectors), electrolytes and optimized packaging.
These Advanced Materials can lead to improved automotive batteries with well specified KPIs for
energy and power density, extended lifetime and significantly improved cost while offering full safety.
Typical cathode materials can be e.g. Novel NMC compounds or spinels with higher voltage. Typical
anode materials can be improved graphite or micron/nano-sized Si/C, Sn/C composites… In addition,
electrolyte materials will need to be stable at higher voltages and the same prevails for novel
separator materials. Solid-state developments by polymer or solid electrolytes may lead to higher
safety levels. All Advanced Materials priorities will need to smartly combine low cost, high energy
density and long cycle life. Recyclability and environmental impact should also be considered.

Example (2)
• K3-I5 - Lightweight materials for Battery packaging and Powertrain components
(Research and Innovation Actions)
• Advanced materials relate to weight reduction in battery packaging and suspension and to the
light weight development of electric motors in new low cost and highly efficient motor designs,
alternative magnetic materials with reduced rare earth content, and improved motor
manufacturing methods. Long-term emphasis must be given to non - rare earth motor
architectures to reduce motor costs. Weight reduction is also targeted by the use of light weight
advanced materials in thermal management integrating advanced low cost heat transfer
technologies, in power electronics, in on-board chargers and in the traction drive system
integrating inverter and motor system technologies.

Example (3)
• K3-I6 - Lightweight materials for EV passenger cars and EV Heavy duty (Innovation
Actions)
• The innovation target focuses on the improvement in the performance of each lightweight material while
reducing cost is dependent upon not only low cost raw materials but also on effective and energy efficient
manufacturing processes. Materials specific technology gaps include the lack of predictive models, the
need for optimized manufacturing, and requirements for improved material performance. For lighter-weight
vehicle systems, a multi-material solution presents a flexible approach but requires the cost-effective
joining of dissimilar materials. Research must also focus on improving the performance of lightweight
materials. Cost reduction – of both raw material and manufacturing – is critical. Methods to mitigate
corrosion using low cost techniques are also needed.

Thank you for your kind attention
Questions?

Presentation 3 Slides - Marcel Meeus - SUSTESCO

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