A Pilot study on KAP of the people in Araihazar Upazilla
- 2. Roadmap of the study Background Objective Data and Methodology Result and finding Conclusion Recommendation
- 3. Background Rapid and unplanned industrialization and urbanization has severely polluted the environmental resources especially air, water and soil arena Our farmers are using excess fertilizer, pesticide in their lands in order to increase crops production. It has tremendous impact on our environment, destroying eco system.
- 4. Background The number of industry units at Narayanganj, as recorded by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, is 2,409 Food, beverage and tobacco - 377 Jute, cotton, textile and leather - 1,320 Wood products – 49 Pulp and paper products – 30 Chemicals – 104 Non-metallic products – 170 Basic metal products – 101 Fabricated metal, machinery and equipment – 230 Other manufacturing - 28.
- 5. Background There are over 300 various effluent discharge outlets from nine major industrial clusters including Narayanganj Of these, 19 outlets carry the major discharge of domestic and industrial waste Of the discharged untreated liquid waste, 61% are industrial and 39% domestic waste The lone Sewerage Treatment Plant (SWP) in Pagla in Narayanganj can treat only 10% of the industrial waste. It is estimated that there are over 7,000 industries in Dhaka metropolis located mostly in three clusters -- Hazaribagh, Tejgaon and DND (Narayanganj) area
- 6. Background A chemical oxygen demand (COD) test, carried out by BUET, showed that the level of pollutants in the Shitalakhya River was 28 to 128 mg, much higher than the normal range between 4-12mg At present in the river Buriganga contains 60 times higher chromium than the permissible limit Water arsenic concentrations in Araihazar were found to range from 0.094 to 790 mg/L, WHO permissible limit being 0.01 mg/L.
- 7. Background Environmental factors account for as much as 22% of the national burden of disease, principally in the form of respiratory infections and diarrhoeal disease However, people have little knowledge about the impact of industrialization on environmental pollution and human health.
- 8. Araihazar: at a glance
- 9. Araihazar: at a glance Area: 183.35 sq km Union parishads: 12 Mouzas: 182 Villages: 315 Population: 299,855; Muslims 96.08%, Hindu 3.76%, others .16% Religious institutions: Mosque 355, temple 7 Literacy: Average literacy 23.6%; male 28.6% and female 17%
- 10. Araihazar: at a glance Educational institutions: College 4, secondary school 17, primary school 114, community school 11, satellite school 7, madrasa 36, maktab 460 Cultural organizations: Public library 1, club 65, cinema hall 3, community centre 8, playground 25 Main occupations: Agriculture 24.68%, fishing 1.65%, agricultural labourer 10.96%, wage labourer 8.53%, commerce 14.45%, service 3.84%, weaving 20.73%, industry 1.57% and others 13.59% Main crops: Paddy, jute, wheat, corn, potato, kalai, sesame, mustard, vegetabl es. Pan cultivation, which was once quite extensive, is now almost extinct Health centre: Hospital 1, family welfare centre 4, union family welfare centre 7
- 11. Objectives The objectives are 1. To identify the socio-economic and demographic status of the inhabitants in an industrial semi urban area of Bangladesh (Araihazar upazila of Narayangang) 2. To identify the lacking of people’s knowledge about air, water and soil pollution 3. The prevalence of morbidities related to air, water and soil pollution among the study participants.
- 12. Methodology This is a cross sectional study Study was conducted in Araihazar (a Peri Urban setting) in Bangladesh Both quantitative and qualitative method was applied in this study to collect information
- 13. Methodology: Quantitative study Sample size: The formula used for these calculations is: (Ref: Krejcie and Morgan. 1970. “Determining Sample Size for Research Activities” (Educational and Psychological Measurement, #30, pp. 607-610))
- 14. Methodology: Quantitative study Using this Standard formula, the required sample for Araihazar Upazilla is 1511 (Household 90,000, α = .05, ME = 0.025, P = 0.5). Increasing the sample size 20% in order to reduce the non response error, the sample size is 1813 3 village was randomly selected (probability proportion to HH size in each village). So from 12 unions, 36 village was selected 50 HH from each village was randomly selected Total HH size is 50 X 12 X 3 = 1800 HH
- 15. Methodology: Quantitative study Pre structured questionnaire was used to collect the information Questionnaire was tested in Gazipur before final print Both HH and adult questionnaire was in Bengali 1 supervisor and 10 interviewer was appointed for data collection Extensive training (in house and field) was provided to the supervisor and interviewer When the investigator though that the team is ready for interview, they was sent for data collection
- 16. Methodology: Qualitative study Focus Group Discussion (FGD) method used to collect information One village was randomly selected from each union. Total 12 FGD was conducted Structured guideline was followed for FGD 6 skilled person was appointed for FGD FGD was conducted in the village in their convenient times Each FGD took around two hour Each FGD was recorded in tap recorder Finally information was analyzed
- 17. Result Age and gender wise distribution of population (Population Pyramid) 70+ 65-69 60-64 55-59 50-54 45-49 40-44 35-39 30-34 25-29 20-24 15-19 10-14 5-9 0-4 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 Fem ale Male
- 18. Result : Continued Literate population 18 years and over by level of education by gender Frequency Percentage Total Total Male Female Male Female Never attended 1061 1347 2408 43.0 51.3 47.3 school Primary 307 290 597 12.5 11.0 11.7 High School 892 852 1744 36.2 32.4 34.2 SSC/HSC 181 135 316 7.3 5.1 6.2 Higher 24 3 27 1.0 .1 .5 Total 2465 2627 5092 100.0 100.0 100.0 Literate population age 6-17 years according to their education level by gender Frequency Percentage Male Female Total Male Female Total Never attended 161 105 266 12.1 8.6 10.4 school Primary 776 669 1445 58.2 55.0 56.7 High School 373 414 787 28.0 34.0 30.9 SSC or Higher 24 28 52 1.8 2.3 2.0 Total 1334 1216 2550 100.0 100.0 100.0
- 19. Result : Continued Marital status of the respondents of age 18+ by gender Frequency Percentage Male Female Total Male Female Total Never married 534 154 688 21.6 5.9 13.5 Currently married 1894 2104 3998 76.7 80.0 78.4 Separate/ 1 17 18 .0 .6 .4 Divorced 5 15 20 .2 .6 .4 Widow/ Widower 36 340 376 1.5 12.9 7.4 Total 2470 2630 5100 100.0 100.0 100.0 Marital status of the respondents of age 6-17 by gender Frequency Percentage Male Female Total Male Female Total Never married 1334 1204 2538 100.0 99.0 99.5 Currently married 0 10 10 -- .8 .4 Divorced 0 2 2 -- .2 .1 Total 1334 1216 2550 100.0 100.0 100.0
- 20. Result : Continued Occupation of the adult (age 18+) by gender Frequency Percentage Male Female Total Male Female Total Agriculture worker 388 9 397 15.7 .3 7.8 Unskilled job 185 33 218 7.5 1.3 4.3 Small business man 508 10 518 20.6 .4 10.2 Transport Worker 202 0 202 8.2 4.0 Loom worker 616 13 629 24.9 .5 12.3 Student 78 76 154 3.2 2.9 3.0 Searching job, no work or retired 209 151 360 8.5 5.7 7.1 Job 217 62 279 8.8 2.4 5.5 Housewife -- 2264 2264 -- 86.1 44.4 Other 67 12 79 2.7 .5 1.5 Total 2470 2630 5100 100.0 100.0 100.0
- 21. Result : Continued Housing types (roof, floor and wall) of the households: 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Type of wall Type of roof Type of floor Pucca/Cement Tin Bamboo Mud/Dirt Leaves/straw
- 22. Result : Continued S o u rc e o f d rin k in g water? Percentage 120 98.4 distribution of 100 source of 80 drinking water 60 40 20 0.6 0.2 0.9 0 Tap water Tube-well R egular well R iver/C anal Does household has electricity? Percentage No, 4.2 distribution of source of lighting Yes, 95.8
- 23. Result : Continued Type of fuel used for cooking 70 Percentage distribution 60 of type of fuel used for 50 cooking? 40 30 20 10 0 l g p d . ss oa as un ro oo ra C G /c D W G re al tu m ul ni ic A gr A Cooking place Both, 10.8 Percentage distribution of place of Outside the house, cooking 27.4 Inside house, 61.8 Inside house Outside the house Both
- 24. Result : Continued Household monthly income 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0-6000 6001-8000 8001-10000 10001-12000 12000+ 70 60 50 Percentage distribution of household by type 40 of toilet facilities for different age group: 30 20 10 0 Septic tank / Slab latrine Pit latrine Open latrine, Bush / Hanging latrine Modern latrine Field Adult (age>15 years) Child (age<5 years) Child (age>5 but <15)
- 25. Result : Continued Percentage distribution of household members of Araihazar Upazila who wear a sandal in the toilet 83 82 81 80 79 78 77 76 75 74 73 Adult (age>15 years) Child (age<5 years) Child (age>5 but <15) 70 60 Percentage distribution of household 50 members (at different age group) who wash their hands after visiting toilet 40 30 20 10 0 All the time Sometimes Not very often Never Adult (age>15 years ) Child (age<5 years ) Child (age>5 but <15)
- 26. Result : Continued 60 50 Percentage distribution of household members about what they use to wash 40 their hands after going to toilet 30 20 10 0 Soap Ash Soil Only water Adult (age>15 years ) Child (age<5 years ) Child (age>5 but <15)
- 27. % distribution of KAP related to environmental pollution Name of the variable Percentage % thinks that industries are throwing their wastage here and there? 92.2 % knows that industrial wastage are polluting environment which is harmful for health? 99.7 % knows that smoke emission from industries is harmful for health? 100.0 % thinks that water is polluted due to industry 99.8 % thinks that soil is polluted due to industry 99.8 % thinks that air is polluted due to industry 99.8 % knows that taking bath in the polluted water is harmful for health 100.0 % thinks that land is losing its fertility due to throwing industrial wastage here and there 100.0 % thinks that it is good to throw industrial wastage here and there 2.3 % thinks that there should be some rules so that the industries cannot throw their wastage 99.8 here and there % knows anything about arsenic in water? 96.7 % have taken any initiative to get water free from arsenic 69.5 % where there is any industry close to house (within half kilometer) 88.9 What do you think about the crop production in a land? Has increased 3.9 Has decline 13.4 Remain constant 82.6 Name of the industry close to household Textile 79.2 Poultry 28.1 Handloom 3.2
- 28. Result : Continued Prevalence of chronic diseases among the adults: Suffered from particular Among them who took diseases treatment Number Percentage Number Percentage Heart Diseases 89 2.6 87 97.8 Diabetes 151 4.4 142 94.0 Hypertension 387 11.2 379 97.9 Tuberculosis 14 .4 13 92.9 Arthritis or 791 98.0 807 23.3 Rheumatism Gastric/ ulcer 2924 84.4 2893 98.9 Anaemia 96 2.8 94 97.9 Asthma 120 3.5 118 98.3 Cancer 2 .1 2 100.0 Total 3463
- 29. Result : Continued % Distribution of treatment/service seeking behavior for different chronic diseases who have taken treatment/service Type of health seeking behavior Total MBBS Pharma Village Homeop Othe Did not Num Percen (private) cy Doctor ath r consulte ber tage d Heart diseases 77.5 6.7 9 1.1 5.6 89 100 Diabetes 66.9 13.2 9.3 0.7 9.9 151 100 Hypertension 36.2 38 19.4 0.8 5.7 387 100 Tuberculosis 78.6 7.1 7.1 7.1 14 100 Arthritis or 807 Rheumatism 13.4 32.5 39.5 0.9 0.5 13.3 100 Gastric/ ulcer 4.2 44.8 39.6 0.1 0.5 10.8 2925 100 Anaemia 27.1 53.1 17.7 2.1 96 100 Asthma 35 28.3 25.8 10.8 120 100
- 30. Result : Continued Prevalence of acute diseases and its duration and how many times they had suffered in the last month Number Prevalenc In the last month how many e of times suffered (those who diseases suffered) (mean) Headache 554 16.0 9.5 eye infection 19 .5 11.5 Toothache 183 5.3 10.7 Cough /cold 541 15.6 11.6 Fever 885 25.6 8.1 Vomiting/stomachache 154 4.4 9.1 Watery diarrhea 68 2.0 9.1 Loose motion associated with 38 1.1 mucus or blood 9.4 Skin problem 51 1.5 12.9 Accidental causes (eg. cut hand or 12 .3 legs) 8.4 Arsenicosis 7 .2 16.1 Total 3463
- 31. Conclusion Industries has increased in this study area including textile mills, power loom factory, handloom, sizing factory, spinning mill, cotton mill, dyeing factories, brick field and so on Almost all Inhabitants think that industries are polluting their air, water and soil Burning industrial waste materials, smoke from different industries and cooking are the main reasons for air pollution This has also important implications for the health of population in that area People keep dusts from animal farms (poultry/cow), waste materials from industries (dyeing, textile, etc.) and household wastages here and there Besides use of chemical fertilizers; pesticides has reduced productivity of lands in their area
- 32. Conclusion In some cases industrial wastages (e.g. dyeing factories) are drained out in river sometimes household wastages are thrown in spoiled ponds, although knowing that it’s not a good practice Besides irrigation project, fertilizers get mixed with river water, wastes from poultry farms are used as fish food in fisheries, and they think these practices are polluting water seriously Therefore diarrhea and skin diseases have become more frequent in their area As observed, most of them have a good knowledge on environment pollution. Their attitude is also good to avoid environmental pollution However, their practices are not good enough
- 33. Recommandations 1. Government should exact rules and regulations so that industries cannot throw wastage everywhere. 2. Owners of different industries should play a major role in raising awareness on pollution and health hazards. Industries need to develop a proper and hygienic waste disposal system by following government laws. 3. Water contamination with chemicals should be locally maintained. 4. Government needs to take some serious actions to control and manage the condition to prevent environment as early as possible. 5. Control of air pollution is needed.
- 34. Recommandations 6. Promotion of policy in order to reduce the effect of environment pollution through behavior change communication (BCC) in an industrial semi-urban area. 7. People are drinking water from tube-wells with red marking knowing that this water is arsenic contaminated. Implantation of alternative source of pure drinking water is needed. 8. Safe water supply provision by govt. or non govt. initiative is urgent. 9. Nutrition education should be given to ensure healthy lifestyle and prevent environment pollution. 10. Environment pollution and destruction should be under regular monitoring and prevention process.
- 35. Thank you